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-{{short description|last name of Sikh women}}
+{{Short description|Last name of Sikh women}}
 {{Other uses}}
-'''''Kaur''''' ({{lang-pa|ਕੌਰ}} ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{lang-pa|کور}} ([[Shahmukhi]]) {{lang-en|crown prince}})  is the [[surname]] given as symbol of the equality of women and men in the Sikh faith. "Kaur" is also sometimes translated as "lioness"{{cn|date=September 2020}}, not because this meaning is etymologically derived from the name, but as a parallel to the Sikh male name "[[Singh]]," which means "lion." "Kaur" is recognised as Princess.
+'''Kaur''' ({{lang-pa|ਕੌਰ}} ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{lang-pa|کور}} ([[Shahmukhi]]) {{lang-en|crown prince}})  (sometimes spelled as ''Kour''),  is a [[surname]] or an part of a personal name primarily used by [[Sikhism|Sikh]] women .<ref name= "Hanks 2013">{{Cite book|last=Hanks|first=Patrick|title=Dictionary of American Family Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=RA1-PA284|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199771691|pages=284}}</ref> "Kaur" is also sometimes translated as "lioness", not because this meaning is [[Etymology|etymologically]] derived from the name, but as a parallel to the Sikh male name "[[Singh]]," which means "lion." "Kaur" is recognized as “Princess” or "Spiritual Princess".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brodd|first=Jeffrey|title=World Religions A Voyage of Discovery|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Religions/hPiv0w6BDSQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA113|publisher=Saint Mary's Press|isbn=9780884897255|pages=113|date=2003}}</ref>
+Guru Gobind Singh derived ''Kaur'' from the combination of two Sanskrit words, ''Kumgra,'' meaning Prince, and ''Kuwari,'' meaning unmarried or single girl.{{cn|date=May 2022}} It also goes back to Sanskrit word "Kumari" meaning girl or daughter, which was abridged to "Kuar" and then changed into "Kaur" by metathesis.<ref name= "Hanks 2013"/> Etymologically it derived from the Rajput term [[Kunwar|Kanwar/Kunwar]] or prince and was used for persons of status.<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W.H.|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Sikhism/xajcAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA175&printsec=frontcover|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781442236011|pages=175}}</ref>
+''Kaur'' is a common name in the [[Sikhs|Sikh]] community. In a tradition that began more than 300 years ago, the name ''Kaur'' is given to every baptized female Sikh. Also, most women born into Sikh families, even if they are never baptized, are also given the name ''Kaur''. Some use ''Kaur'' as a middle name, while others use it as their last name.
 ==History==
-The tenth [[Guru#In Sikhism|guru]] of Sikhs, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji, introduced ''Kaur'' and '''''[[Singh]]''''' when he administered [[Amrit Sanskar|Amrit]] to both male and female Sikhs; all female Sikhs were asked to use the name ''Kaur'' after their forename, and male Sikhs were to use the name ''Singh''. ''Kaur''{{'}}s meaning of "princess" acts as a symbol of equality among men and women. The use of the name ''Kaur'' is one of several practices that implement the Sikh religion's commitment to gender equality, a core tenet of the faith. ''Kaur'' symbolizes that women were as cherished, politically meaningful, and worthy of respect as a (male) heir to a kingdom.{{cn|date=September 2020}}{{opinion|date=March 2019}}
+The tenth [[Guru#In Sikhism|guru]] of Sikhs, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], introduced ''Kaur'' and ''[[Singh]]'' when he administered [[Amrit Sanskar|Amrit]] to both male and female Sikhs; all female Sikhs were asked to use the name ''Kaur'' after their forename, and male Sikhs were to use the name ''Singh''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=John|title=The Story of Religion The Rich History of the World's Major Faiths|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Story_of_Religion/cRl0DgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT302|publisher=Arcturus Publishing|isbn=9781784287368|pages=302|date=2016}}</ref>
-The adoption of ''Kaur'' and ''Singh'' as religious surnames was also intended to reduce [[caste]]-based prejudice. Because familial last names often signal a person's caste status (or for women who adopted their spouse's surname, the caste of their spouse), substituting ''Kaur'' and ''Singh'' allowed Sikhs to implement the Sikh religion's rejection of the caste system.
-''Singh'' is also used by some non-Sikh women, because 'Singh' can be a surname in several other cultural communities. It is the most common surname used by Sikhs. Sikhs are not required to change their surnames after receiving Amrit, but many choose to do so.
+The adoption of ''Kaur'' and ''Singh'' as religious [[surname]]s was also intended to reduce [[Caste system in India|caste-based prejudice]]. Because familial last names often signal a person's caste status (or for women who adopted their spouse's surname, the caste of their spouse), substituting ''Kaur'' and ''Singh'' allowed Sikhs to implement the Sikh religion's rejection of the caste system.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cole|first=Owen|title=Sikhism - An Introduction: Teach Yourself|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sikhism_An_Introduction_Teach_Yourself/NF04AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT51|publisher=John Murray Press|isbn=9781444131017|pages=51|date=2010}}</ref>
-Sikh principles believe that all men and women are completely equal. Therefore, a woman is crowned with great responsibility and can lead her own life as an individual, equal to men. She does not need a man's title to raise her own status. Saying this would go against the principles stated in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, the religious text of Sikhism. Guru Nanak Dev Ji states:
+''Singh'' is also used by some non-Sikh women, because 'Singh' can be a surname in several other cultural communities. It is the most common surname used by Sikhs. Sikhs are not required to change their surnames after receiving Amrit, but many choose to do so.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 36: / Line 38: @@
 * [[Women in Sikhism]]
 * [[Singh]]
+* [[Kunwar]]
 == References ==
+{{Reflist}}
 <!-- === Citations ===
 {{Reflist}}