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{{Short description|Indian Army response to the 2013 North India floods}} | |||
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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
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Operation Surya Hope was the follow-up to Operation Ganga Prahar.<ref name="ganga prahar, pioneer">{{cite web|title=Operation Ganga Prahar -Army Aids Flood Affected|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow/operation-ganga-prahar--army-aids-flood-affected.html|publisher=Pioneer News Service|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=Pioneer News Service|date=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="CC, Ganga Prahar">{{cite web|title=PRESS RELEASE : OPERATION GANGA PRAHAR ARMY AIDS FLOOD AFFECTED|url=http://suryahopes.in/press_release_page.asp|publisher=Central Command|accessdate=5 July 2013|author=Central Command|date=19 June 2013}}</ref> The operation was commanded by Lieutenant General Anil Chait, the [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief|General Officer Commanding in Chief]] (GOC in C) of Central Command.<ref name="Operation Surya Hope, 19 June 13, website" /><ref name="phase 2">{{cite web|title=Second Phase of Operation Surya Hope to Start Today|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7cJVC637wofeature=youtube_gdata_player.|publisher=itvnewsindia|accessdate=1 July 2013|author=India News|language=Hindi|date=22 June 2013}}</ref> He was succeeded by Lieutenant General Rajan Bakhshi on 1 July 2013. Soon after assuming command, Bakhshi said that the Army would continue with the relief operations, and that he would soon visit Uttarakhand.<ref name="TOI, 27 June">{{cite web|title=Army commander accompanies 500 people on foot from Badrinath|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Army-commander-accompanies-500-people-on-foot-from-Badrinath/articleshow/20799151.cms|publisher=Times of india|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=Ashish Tripathi|date=27 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="TOI, 30 june">{{cite web|title=Lieutenant General Bakhi is Central Command's new GOC-in-C|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-30/lucknow/40285948_1_strike-corps-goc-in-c-defence-services-staff-college|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707064801/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-30/lucknow/40285948_1_strike-corps-goc-in-c-defence-services-staff-college|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2013|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=Arunav Sinha|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 June 2013}}</ref> Over 10,000 troops participated in Operation Surya Hope. It was conducted in arrangement with efforts from the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) ([[Operation Rahat]]), [[Border Road Organization]], [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF), [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP) and other para military forces under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home]].<ref name="'OP RAHAT' website">{{cite web|last=Ministry of Defence|title=IAF Continues 'OP RAHAT'|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|work=Ministry of Defence|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MHA, 20 june">{{cite web|title=22 Helicopters deployed in Uttrakhand for Relief Work Over 22,000 persons rescued 13 teams of NDRF assisting in search & rescue|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=28 June 2013|author=MHA|date=20 June 2013}}</ref> | Operation Surya Hope was the follow-up to Operation Ganga Prahar.<ref name="ganga prahar, pioneer">{{cite web|title=Operation Ganga Prahar -Army Aids Flood Affected|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow/operation-ganga-prahar--army-aids-flood-affected.html|publisher=Pioneer News Service|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=Pioneer News Service|date=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="CC, Ganga Prahar">{{cite web|title=PRESS RELEASE : OPERATION GANGA PRAHAR ARMY AIDS FLOOD AFFECTED|url=http://suryahopes.in/press_release_page.asp|publisher=Central Command|accessdate=5 July 2013|author=Central Command|date=19 June 2013}}</ref> The operation was commanded by Lieutenant General Anil Chait, the [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief|General Officer Commanding in Chief]] (GOC in C) of Central Command.<ref name="Operation Surya Hope, 19 June 13, website" /><ref name="phase 2">{{cite web|title=Second Phase of Operation Surya Hope to Start Today|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7cJVC637wofeature=youtube_gdata_player.|publisher=itvnewsindia|accessdate=1 July 2013|author=India News|language=Hindi|date=22 June 2013}}</ref> He was succeeded by Lieutenant General Rajan Bakhshi on 1 July 2013. Soon after assuming command, Bakhshi said that the Army would continue with the relief operations, and that he would soon visit Uttarakhand.<ref name="TOI, 27 June">{{cite web|title=Army commander accompanies 500 people on foot from Badrinath|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Army-commander-accompanies-500-people-on-foot-from-Badrinath/articleshow/20799151.cms|publisher=Times of india|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=Ashish Tripathi|date=27 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="TOI, 30 june">{{cite web|title=Lieutenant General Bakhi is Central Command's new GOC-in-C|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-30/lucknow/40285948_1_strike-corps-goc-in-c-defence-services-staff-college|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707064801/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-30/lucknow/40285948_1_strike-corps-goc-in-c-defence-services-staff-college|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2013|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=Arunav Sinha|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 June 2013}}</ref> Over 10,000 troops participated in Operation Surya Hope. It was conducted in arrangement with efforts from the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) ([[Operation Rahat]]), [[Border Road Organization]], [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF), [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP) and other para military forces under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home]].<ref name="'OP RAHAT' website">{{cite web|last=Ministry of Defence|title=IAF Continues 'OP RAHAT'|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|work=Ministry of Defence|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MHA, 20 june">{{cite web|title=22 Helicopters deployed in Uttrakhand for Relief Work Over 22,000 persons rescued 13 teams of NDRF assisting in search & rescue|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=28 June 2013|author=MHA|date=20 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
The floods and landslides in Uttarakhand was considered by many as the worst natural disaster in the area in a hundred years. The [[Government of India]] classifies the disaster as a [[tsunami]].<ref name="Video, flood, India news">{{cite web|title=Flood Hits Uttarakhand, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33QXliZZi-E|publisher=itvnewsindia|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=India News|language=Hindi|date=June 2013}}</ref><ref>http://reliefweb.int/report/india/himalaya-tsunami-creates-havoc-north-india-death-toll-crosses-1000</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=25 SHOCKING Pictures of Devastation Caused by Himalayan Tsunami in Uttarakhand|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYlNC55PXTE.|publisher=CNN IBN Live|accessdate=1 July 2013}}</ref> [[India Meteorological Department|India Meteorological Department (IMD)]] states that the total rainfall in Uttarakhand from 1 to 18 June 2013 totaled to 385.1 mm, the highest in the last 80 years. The normal rainfall during the period is 71.3 mm, making the total 440% larger than the normal.<ref name="MHA, 20 june" /><ref name="BBC, 2 July 13">{{cite web|title=India floods: Last stranded pilgrims rescued in Uttarakhand|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-23145924|publisher=BBC|accessdate=3 July 2013|date=2 July 2013}}</ref> | The floods and landslides in Uttarakhand was considered by many as the worst natural disaster in the area in a hundred years. The [[Government of India]] classifies the disaster as a [[tsunami]].<ref name="Video, flood, India news">{{cite web|title=Flood Hits Uttarakhand, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33QXliZZi-E|publisher=itvnewsindia|accessdate=2 July 2013|author=India News|language=Hindi|date=June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/india/himalaya-tsunami-creates-havoc-north-india-death-toll-crosses-1000|title = Himalaya Tsunami creates havoc in North India, death toll crosses 1,000 - India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=25 SHOCKING Pictures of Devastation Caused by Himalayan Tsunami in Uttarakhand|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYlNC55PXTE.|publisher=CNN IBN Live|accessdate=1 July 2013}}</ref> [[India Meteorological Department|India Meteorological Department (IMD)]] states that the total rainfall in Uttarakhand from 1 to 18 June 2013 totaled to 385.1 mm, the highest in the last 80 years. The normal rainfall during the period is 71.3 mm, making the total 440% larger than the normal.<ref name="MHA, 20 june" /><ref name="BBC, 2 July 13">{{cite web|title=India floods: Last stranded pilgrims rescued in Uttarakhand|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-23145924|publisher=BBC|accessdate=3 July 2013|date=2 July 2013}}</ref> | ||
== Early warning == | == Early warning == | ||
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'''14–16 June 2013''': Heavy unseasonal monsoon rain in north India, trigger floods, and landslides, in the north western mountain states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Bidwai, 30 june" /><ref name="india today,">{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand news: 17 choppers to stay put for 15 days, says Shinde|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-news-17-choppers-to-stay-put-says-shinde/1/285786.html|publisher=India Today|accessdate=28 June 2013|author=IANS|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> | '''14–16 June 2013''': Heavy unseasonal monsoon rain in north India, trigger floods, and landslides, in the north western mountain states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Bidwai, 30 june" /><ref name="india today,">{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand news: 17 choppers to stay put for 15 days, says Shinde|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-news-17-choppers-to-stay-put-says-shinde/1/285786.html|publisher=India Today|accessdate=28 June 2013|author=IANS|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
'''17 June 2013''': Army aviation helicopters conduct aerial reconnaissance of Himalayan temple town [[Kedarnath]]. Army orders an infantry unit to send a foot column to establish contact with the beleaguered temple town. Next day, early morning, after a night march, an infantry column reaches Kedarnath. The [[Bareilly]] based Uttar Bharat Area mobilises headquarters to move to [[Dehradun]], the state capital.<ref name="thapa, 2 july">{{cite web|title=Nation needs to | '''17 June 2013''': Army aviation helicopters conduct aerial reconnaissance of Himalayan temple town [[Kedarnath]]. Army orders an infantry unit to send a foot column to establish contact with the beleaguered temple town. Next day, early morning, after a night march, an infantry column reaches Kedarnath. The [[Bareilly]] based Uttar Bharat Area mobilises headquarters to move to [[Dehradun]], the state capital.<ref name="thapa, 2 july">{{cite web|title=Nation needs to understand Ethos of Forces: Uttarakhand Disaster- A Test Case|url=http://www.claws.in/Nation-needs-to-undertsand-Ethos-of-Forces-Uttarakhand-Disaster--A-Test-Case-Brig-CS-Thapa-Retd.html|work=Centre for Land Warfare|publisher=Centre for Land Warfare|accessdate=19 July 2013|author=Thapa, CS , Brig (Retd)|location=Delhi Cantonment|date=2 July 2013}}</ref> India Army's Central Command starts deployment of 5000 troops in the flood affected areas, in response named "Operation [[Ganga]] Prahar".<ref name="ganga prahar, pioneer" /> Indian Air Force (IAF) helicopters conducts relief and rescue missions in Nakur area, [[Saharanpur district]], in Uttar Pradesh and Indri Sub division of [[Karnal]] district, in Haryana state. IAF station Sarsawa designated as hub for helicopter operations.<ref>{{cite web|title=AF on Relief Rescue Mission in Aid of Flash Floods Affected Areas|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|publisher=Ministry of Defence|accessdate=28 June 2013|date=17 June 2013}}</ref> Medium lift helicopters including MI -17 V5s, moved to Jollygrant helipad, [[Dehradun]].<ref name="MOD, 18 june">{{cite web|title=Operation 'Rahat' Launched by the IAF|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|publisher=PIB|accessdate=28 June 2013|author=Ministry of Defence|date=18 June 2013}}</ref> Late in the evening, Defense Minister A.K. Antony, alerts the Armed Forces for relief and rescue mission.<ref name="Lessons Still Unlearnt" /> Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, returns from Delhi.<ref name="Tehelka, 20 july">{{cite news|title=Failing the disaster test|url=http://tehelka.com/failing-the-disaster-test/|accessdate=24 July 2013|newspaper=Tehelka|date=2013-07-20|author=Manoj Rawat}}</ref> | ||
'''18 June 2013''': Lt-General Navtej Singh Bawa, the general officer commanding (GOC) Uttar Bharat Area, moves to Dehradun, to lead the Army disaster response and co-ordinate with the State government, and other agencies.<ref name="thapa, 2 july"/><ref name="Flights of Heroism, 28 June">{{cite web|title=Flights of Heroism Flights of Heroism: When all seemed lost, men in uniform stepped forward to turn the tide in the Uttarakhand floods|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-floods-army-rescue-operations-itbp-personnel/1/285846.html|publisher=India Today|accessdate=4 July 2013|author=Sandeep Unnithan|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> Indian Air Force's humanitarian mission, named ''Operation Rahat''.<ref name="MOD, 18 june" /><ref name="pib">{{cite web|title=IAF's 'OP RAHAT' Update on 27 Jun 2013 Upto [sic] 6 O'clock|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=96834|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=28 June 2013|date=27 June 2013}}</ref> Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), outlines response to the unfolding disaster. On 15 June, the Inspector General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Uttarakhand, ordered to "get in touch with Chief Secretary and provide whatever assistance was required by the State Government"; Border Road Organisation (BRO) asked to "facilitate restoration of road communication across the different routes"; 12 additional teams of the National Disaster Relief Force (NDRF) ordered to be deployed to [[Uttarakhand]], and 34 deaths confirmed in Uttarakhund.<ref name="MHA Sit Report, 18 june 13, website">{{cite web|title=Sit report:Rescue & Relief Operations in Flood Affected Areas of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs|accessdate=27 June 2013|author=MHA|date=18 June 2013}}</ref> Rudraprayag, for the next four days was without a district magistrate and no system was in place to get information on who died, where the injured had been admitted and who were still trapped. No deputy collector was posted in Gaurikund, Sonprayag, Phata and Guptkashi for five days | '''18 June 2013''': Lt-General Navtej Singh Bawa, the general officer commanding (GOC) Uttar Bharat Area, moves to Dehradun, to lead the Army disaster response and co-ordinate with the State government, and other agencies.<ref name="thapa, 2 july"/><ref name="Flights of Heroism, 28 June">{{cite web|title=Flights of Heroism Flights of Heroism: When all seemed lost, men in uniform stepped forward to turn the tide in the Uttarakhand floods|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-floods-army-rescue-operations-itbp-personnel/1/285846.html|publisher=India Today|accessdate=4 July 2013|author=Sandeep Unnithan|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> Indian Air Force's humanitarian mission, named ''Operation Rahat''.<ref name="MOD, 18 june" /><ref name="pib">{{cite web|title=IAF's 'OP RAHAT' Update on 27 Jun 2013 Upto [sic] 6 O'clock|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=96834|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=28 June 2013|date=27 June 2013}}</ref> Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), outlines response to the unfolding disaster. On 15 June, the Inspector General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Uttarakhand, ordered to "get in touch with Chief Secretary and provide whatever assistance was required by the State Government"; Border Road Organisation (BRO) asked to "facilitate restoration of road communication across the different routes"; 12 additional teams of the National Disaster Relief Force (NDRF) ordered to be deployed to [[Uttarakhand]], and 34 deaths confirmed in Uttarakhund.<ref name="MHA Sit Report, 18 june 13, website">{{cite web|title=Sit report:Rescue & Relief Operations in Flood Affected Areas of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs|accessdate=27 June 2013|author=MHA|date=18 June 2013}}</ref> Rudraprayag, for the next four days was without a district magistrate and no system was in place to get information on who died, where the injured had been admitted and who were still trapped. No deputy collector was posted in Gaurikund, Sonprayag, Phata and Guptkashi for five days | ||
