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Japanese language education in India: Difference between revisions
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As a result of the lack of government action, the private sector were forced to take the lead in Japanese language education. The majority of Japanese language teaching in the country is conducted by non-school institutions, while government schools have lagged behind the demand for the language; only 20% of Japanese language students study it in the course of their primary or secondary education, or in university.<ref name="2006Survey"/> [[Business process outsourcing]] and information technology companies are responsible for much of this; as companies in India take aim at the [[Japan]] market, they have increased their recruitment of [[Japanese language|Japanese]]-speaking individuals and offering internal training courses in the language to their employees.<ref>{{citation|url=http://it.nikkei.co.jp/business/news/index.aspx?n=MMITzp000013122006|periodical=Nihon Keizai Shimbun|title=インドに日本語教育ブーム (The Japanese language education boom in India)|date=2006-12-13|access-date=2008-01-10|language=ja}}</ref> | As a result of the lack of government action, the private sector were forced to take the lead in Japanese language education. The majority of Japanese language teaching in the country is conducted by non-school institutions, while government schools have lagged behind the demand for the language; only 20% of Japanese language students study it in the course of their primary or secondary education, or in university.<ref name="2006Survey"/> [[Business process outsourcing]] and information technology companies are responsible for much of this; as companies in India take aim at the [[Japan]] market, they have increased their recruitment of [[Japanese language|Japanese]]-speaking individuals and offering internal training courses in the language to their employees.<ref>{{citation|url=http://it.nikkei.co.jp/business/news/index.aspx?n=MMITzp000013122006|periodical=Nihon Keizai Shimbun|title=インドに日本語教育ブーム (The Japanese language education boom in India)|date=2006-12-13|access-date=2008-01-10|language=ja}}</ref> | ||
[[Pune]] has grown to become a major centre of Japanese language education in India, surpassing larger cities such as [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]] despite their late start relative to the rest of the country. The first Japanese language teachers came to the city in the 1970s; the [[University of Pune]] established a Japanese language course in 1977 and upgraded it to a full department in 1978.<ref name="2006Survey"/><ref name="Mane">{{citation|title=When it comes to Japanese, Pune steals a march over metros|periodical=Indian Express|date=2007-07-07|access-date=2008-01-11|last=Mane|first=Anuradha|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191801|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715071806/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191801|archive-date=2006-07-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> As such, the city was well-positioned to begin capturing Japanese business when India's information technology boom began. As early as 2004, software exports to Japan made up 12% of Pune's then-[[United States dollar|US$]]1 billion software industry.<ref>{{citation|periodical=The Times of India|title=Sayonara USA, Hello Japan|date=2004-02-18|access-date=2008-01-11|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/sayonara-usa-hello-japan/articleshow/503700.cms|first1=Gaurav|last1=Thakur}}</ref> As of 2007, 70 Japanese teachers are estimated to work in the city; it is also the home of the country's branch of the [[Japanese Language Teachers' Association]]. The similarity between [[Japanese grammar]] and that of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] is mentioned as a factor by some Pune residents in easing their study of the language.<ref name="Mane"/> | [[Pune]] has grown to become a major centre of Japanese [https://www.fesgiabroad.com/ language education] in India, surpassing larger cities such as [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]] despite their late start relative to the rest of the country. The first Japanese language teachers came to the city in the 1970s; the [[University of Pune]] established a Japanese language course in 1977 and upgraded it to a full department in 1978.<ref name="2006Survey"/><ref name="Mane">{{citation|title=When it comes to Japanese, Pune steals a march over metros|periodical=Indian Express|date=2007-07-07|access-date=2008-01-11|last=Mane|first=Anuradha|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191801|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715071806/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191801|archive-date=2006-07-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> As such, the city was well-positioned to begin capturing Japanese business when India's information technology boom began. As early as 2004, software exports to Japan made up 12% of Pune's then-[[United States dollar|US$]]1 billion software industry.<ref>{{citation|periodical=The Times of India|title=Sayonara USA, Hello Japan|date=2004-02-18|access-date=2008-01-11|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/sayonara-usa-hello-japan/articleshow/503700.cms|first1=Gaurav|last1=Thakur}}</ref> As of 2007, 70 Japanese teachers are estimated to work in the city; it is also the home of the country's branch of the [[Japanese Language Teachers' Association]]. The similarity between [[Japanese grammar]] and that of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] is mentioned as a factor by some Pune residents in easing their study of the language.<ref name="Mane"/> | ||
[[South India]], though traditionally a leader in the information technology sector which is driving so much of the demand for Japanese speakers, has actually lagged behind the country when it comes to teaching the language. [[Bangalore University]] established a course in the language, but unlike the [[University of Pune]] or [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], it has done little to promote the language.<ref name="Subramani">{{citation|periodical=Asia Times|title=Japanese offers Indians a new challenge|date=2003-02-07|access-date=2008-03-23|last=Subramani|first=L.|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EB07Df06.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030219081204/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EB07Df06.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2003-02-19}}</ref> The [[Japanese Language Proficiency Test]] was not even offered in south India until 2000, when a test centre was established in [[Chennai]]; the test was first offered in [[Bangalore]] in 2007.<ref>{{citation|contribution=List of Local Host Institutions of JLPT|title=Info for JLPT 2007|publisher=The Japan Foundation|date=June 2007|access-date=2008-03-23|url=http://momo.jpf.go.jp/jlpt/e/list_e.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080201014407/http://momo.jpf.go.jp/jlpt/e/list_e.html |archive-date = 2008-02-01}}</ref><ref name="JLPT2000"/> The entire Japanese teaching and translation industry in Southern India was estimated to produce revenues of only [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 1 million ([[United States dollar|US$21,000]] at then-current exchange rates) as of 2003, with only 12 schools teaching the language.<ref name="Subramani"/> Bangalore has few schools like Stonehill International School and [[Trio World Academy]] which offers after school Japanese language classes for expats children. | [[South India]], though traditionally a leader in the information technology sector which is driving so much of the demand for Japanese speakers, has actually lagged behind the country when it comes to teaching the language. [[Bangalore University]] established a course in the language, but unlike the [[University of Pune]] or [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], it has done little to promote the language.<ref name="Subramani">{{citation|periodical=Asia Times|title=Japanese offers Indians a new challenge|date=2003-02-07|access-date=2008-03-23|last=Subramani|first=L.|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EB07Df06.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030219081204/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EB07Df06.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2003-02-19}}</ref> The [[Japanese Language Proficiency Test]] was not even offered in south India until 2000, when a test centre was established in [[Chennai]]; the test was first offered in [[Bangalore]] in 2007.<ref>{{citation|contribution=List of Local Host Institutions of JLPT|title=Info for JLPT 2007|publisher=The Japan Foundation|date=June 2007|access-date=2008-03-23|url=http://momo.jpf.go.jp/jlpt/e/list_e.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080201014407/http://momo.jpf.go.jp/jlpt/e/list_e.html |archive-date = 2008-02-01}}</ref><ref name="JLPT2000"/> The entire Japanese teaching and translation industry in Southern India was estimated to produce revenues of only [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 1 million ([[United States dollar|US$21,000]] at then-current exchange rates) as of 2003, with only 12 schools teaching the language.<ref name="Subramani"/> Bangalore has few schools like Stonehill International School and [[Trio World Academy]] which offers after school Japanese language classes for expats children. | ||
===Shortfall=== | ===Shortfall=== | ||
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|rowspan=4|2006<ref name="JLPT2006">{{citation|title=Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results |url=http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2006_pri.pdf |publisher=Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation |year=2006 |access-date=2007-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710005338/http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2006_pri.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |rowspan=4|2006<ref name="JLPT2006">{{citation|title=Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results |url=http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2006_pri.pdf |publisher=Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation |year=2006 |access-date=2007-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710005338/http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2006_pri.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-10 |url-status=dead }} </ref> | ||
| [[Chennai]] | | [[Chennai]] | ||
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The [[Japanese Language Proficiency Test]] is offered in eight Indian cities as of October 2020;<ref>https://www.studyfrenchspanish.com/jlpt-exam-india/</ref> the most recently added test site was that in Salem in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="JLPT2000"/><ref name="JLPT2006"/> The Level 4 examination, aimed at beginning students with fewer than 150 contact hours of instruction, is the most widely attempted; numbers decrease at higher levels. The number of examinees quadrupled between 1998 and 2006. [[Chennai]] had the fastest growth in the number of examinees during that period, while [[Kolkata]] was slowest.<ref name="JLPT2006"/><ref name="JLPT1999"/> [[JETRO]] also offer their Business Japanese Language Test in Bangalore, Mumbai, and New Delhi; in 2006, 147 people attempted the examination, forming about 7.7% of all overseas examinees. 94% of all Indian examinees scored 410 points or less out of 800, as compared to 70% of all overseas examinees.<ref name="JETROStats">{{citation|url=http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/bjt/data/jlrt/pdf/res13report_en.pdf |title=13th JLRT (2006): A Summary Report|publisher=Japan External Trade Organization|year=2006|access-date=2006-12-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192906/http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/bjt/data/jlrt/pdf/res13report_en.pdf |archive-date = 2007-09-27}}</ref> | The [[Japanese Language Proficiency Test]] is offered in eight Indian cities as of October 2020;<ref>https://www.studyfrenchspanish.com/jlpt-exam-india/</ref> the most recently added test site was that in Salem in Tamil Nadu. <ref name="JLPT2000"/><ref name="JLPT2006"/> The Level 4 examination, aimed at beginning students with fewer than 150 contact hours of instruction, is the most widely attempted; numbers decrease at higher levels. The number of examinees quadrupled between 1998 and 2006. [[Chennai]] had the fastest growth in the number of examinees during that period, while [[Kolkata]] was slowest.<ref name="JLPT2006"/><ref name="JLPT1999"/> [[JETRO]] also offer their Business Japanese Language Test in Bangalore, Mumbai, and New Delhi; in 2006, 147 people attempted the examination, forming about 7.7% of all overseas examinees. 94% of all Indian examinees scored 410 points or less out of 800, as compared to 70% of all overseas examinees.<ref name="JETROStats">{{citation|url=http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/bjt/data/jlrt/pdf/res13report_en.pdf |title=13th JLRT (2006): A Summary Report|publisher=Japan External Trade Organization|year=2006|access-date=2006-12-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192906/http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/bjt/data/jlrt/pdf/res13report_en.pdf |archive-date = 2007-09-27}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||