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{{ | {{Short description|Leader of the Indian RSS (1889–1940)}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2014}} | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2014}} | ||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| name = | | name = Keshav Baliram Hedgewar | ||
| image = Dr. Hedgevar.jpg | | image = Dr. Hedgevar.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| birth_name = Keshav Baliram Hedgewar | | birth_name = Keshav Baliram Hedgewar | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1889|4|1}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1889|4|1}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]) | | birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Central Provinces]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]) | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1940|6|21|1889|4|1}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1940|6|21|1889|4|1}} | ||
| death_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[British India]] (present-day Maharashtra, India) | | death_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[British India]] (present-day Maharashtra, India) | ||
| succeeded = [[M. S. Golwalkar]] | | succeeded = [[M. S. Golwalkar]] | ||
| office = 1st [[Sarsanghchalak]] of | | office = Founder & 1st [[List of Sarsanghchalaks of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|Sarsanghchalak]] of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] | ||
| term_start = 1925 | | term_start = 1925 | ||
| term_end = 1940 | | term_end = 1940 | ||
| occupation = [[ | | occupation = physician, political activist | ||
| | | education = [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] | ||
| alma_mater = [[Calcutta Medical College]] | |||
| known_for = Founder of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] | | known_for = Founder of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Keshav Baliram Hedgewar''' (1 April 1889 – 21 June 1940), also known by his moniker '''Doctorji''', was an Indian | '''Keshav Baliram Hedgewar''' (1 April 1889 – 21 June 1940), also known by his moniker '''Doctorji''', was an Indian physician and the founding ''[[Sarsanghachalak]]'' (or "Chief"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rss.org/Timeline.html|title=Timeline|website=Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|access-date=22 May 2020}})</ref>) of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS).<ref name="sumit">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Sumit |title=Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar |date=2016 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |location=Mumbai |isbn=978-9350486900}}</ref> Hedgewar founded the RSS in [[Nagpur]] in 1925, based on the ideology of [[Hindutva]] with the intention of creating a [[Hindu Rashtra]].<ref name="Taneja 2009">{{cite book|last=Taneja|first=S. P.|title=Society and politics in India|publisher=Swastik Publishers & Distributors|location=Delhi, India|year=2009|isbn=978-81-89981-29-7|page=332}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsinsight.net/Allinthefamily..aspx#page=page-1 |title=All in the Family |newspaper=News Insight |date=29 August 2012|author=Subramanian, N.V.|access-date=31 August 2012}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Hedgewar was born on 1 April 1889 in a [[ | Hedgewar was born on 1 April 1889 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Andersen|first1=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDqdDwAAQBAJ|title=Messengers of Hindu Nationalism: How the RSS Reshaped India|last2=Damle|first2=Shridhar D.|date=2019-06-15|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-78738-289-3|pages=261|language=en|quote=Dr. Hedgewar, was a trained medical practitioner, and founded the RSS in 1925}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Teltumbde|first=Anand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhvHDwAAQBAJ|title=Hindutva and Dalits: Perspectives for Understanding Communal Praxis|date=2020-01-31|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-81345-51-1|language=en|quote="Dr Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, a Telugu Brahmin settled in Nagpur."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Louis|first=Prakash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=917XAAAAMAAJ|title=The Emerging Hindutva Force: The Ascent of Hindu Nationalism|date=2000|publisher=Indian Social Institute|isbn=978-81-87218-31-9|pages=38|language=en|quote=K.B. Hedgewar was a Telugu Brahmin residing in Nagpur.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s : Strategies of Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uywnx2IHH8cC|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year=1996|page=45|isbn = 9781850653011|quote=The organization had been founded and developed by Maharashtrian Brahmins - Hedgewar came from a Telugu Brahmin family long resident in Nagpur and Golwalkar was a Karhada Brahmin – and all the early swayamsevaks were Brahmins.}}</ref> [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin]] family in [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Changing political leadership in an Indian province: the Central Provinces and Berar, 1919-1939|author=David E. U. Baker|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1979|page=104|quote=Though Moonje was closely involved with this organization, its actual founder was his protege and associate, Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, a Deshastha Brahman doctor from Nagpur.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Dr. Hedgewar, the Epoch-maker: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sn0eAAAAMAAJ|author=H. V. Seshadri|publisher=Sahitya Sindhu|year=1981|page=2|quote=The place was at one time the abode of scholars and prosperous Brahmin families. The Hedgewar family was one such. They were Deshastha Brahmins of the Shakala branch, belonging to the Ashwalayana Sutra of the Rigveda. Their gotra was Kashyapa, and learning and transmission of the Vedas was their sole preoccupation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Goodrick-Clarke|first=N.|title=Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism.|date=2000|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=0-8147-3110-4|page=58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m6-5YC-pBk4C&pg=58|access-date=18 October 2015|quote=As early as 1925 Dr. Hedgewar had founded the RSS to foster ''Hindutva'' activism among the Maharashtrian youth. Born into an orthodox Deshastha Brahmin family in Nagpur, Keshavrao Baliram Hedgewar (1889–1940) qualified as a medical doctor but devoted his whole life to the struggle for Indian political freedom.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/to-read-the-mind-of-behemoth-rss/cid/1675355|title=To read the mind of behemoth RSS|date=16 November 2018|website=Telegraph India|access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/how-coastal-karnataka-was-saffronised-part-1-hedgewar-sends-an-emissary-to-mangalore-a-shakha-is-born-the-rss-takes-root-6364981.html|title=How coastal Karnataka was saffronised; part 1: Hedgewar sends emissary to Mangalore, an RSS shakha is born|date=7 April 2019|website=Firstpost|access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref> His parents were Baliram Pant Hedgewar and Revatibai, a couple of modest means. When Hedgewar was thirteen both of his parents died in the epidemic of plague<ref name="Zavos2000">{{cite book|author=Zavos, John |title=The Emergence of Hindu Nationalism in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72jXAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-565140-9|page=184}}</ref> of 1902. Hedgewar's uncle ensured that he continued to receive a good education, and [[B. S. Moonje]] became a patron and a father-figure for the young Hedgewar. | ||
He studied at Neel City High School in Nagpur, from where he was expelled singing "[[Vande Mataram]]" in violation of the circular issued by the then British colonial government.<ref name="Kanungo2002"/> As a result, he had to pursue his high school studies at the Rashtriya Vidyalaya in [[Yavatmal]] and later in [[Pune]]. After matriculating, he was sent to [[Kolkata]] by [[B. S. Moonje]] (a member of the [[Indian National Congress - Freedom Era|Congress]], who later became the President of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]]) in 1910 to pursue his medical studies.<ref name="Jaffrelot1999">{{cite book|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s: Strategies of Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iVsfVOTUnYEC&pg=PA33|year=1999|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-024602-5|page=33}}</ref> After passing the L.M.S. Examination from the Calcutta Medical College in June 1916, he completed a yearlong apprenticeship and returned to Nagpur in 1917 as a physician.<ref>{{cite journal | He studied at Neel City High School in Nagpur, from where he was expelled singing "[[Vande Mataram]]" in violation of the circular issued by the then British colonial government.<ref name="Kanungo2002"/> As a result, he had to pursue his high school studies at the Rashtriya Vidyalaya in [[Yavatmal]] and later in [[Pune]]. After matriculating, he was sent to [[Kolkata]] by [[B. S. Moonje]] (a member of the [[Indian National Congress - Freedom Era|Congress]], who later became the President of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]]) in 1910 to pursue his medical studies.<ref name="Jaffrelot1999">{{cite book|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s: Strategies of Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iVsfVOTUnYEC&pg=PA33|year=1999|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-024602-5|page=33}}</ref> After passing the L.M.S. Examination from the Calcutta Medical College in June 1916, he completed a yearlong apprenticeship and returned to Nagpur in 1917 as a physician.<ref>{{cite journal | ||
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{{details|topic=RSS|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh}} | {{details|topic=RSS|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh}} | ||
Hedgewar participated in the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 1920s, but he became disillusioned with their policies and politics. He had been an active member of the party's volunteer division - Hindustani Seva Dal, the predecessor of the [[Congress Seva Dal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/india/rss-founder-hedgewar-was-with-congress-and-other-facts-you-didnt-know/387491/|title=RSS founder Hedgewar was with Congress, and other facts you didn't know|date=25 March 2020}}</ref> | Hedgewar participated in the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 1920s, but he became disillusioned with their policies and politics. He had been an active member of the party's volunteer division - Hindustani Seva Dal, the predecessor of the [[Congress Seva Dal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/india/rss-founder-hedgewar-was-with-congress-and-other-facts-you-didnt-know/387491/|title=RSS founder Hedgewar was with Congress, and other facts you didn't know|date=25 March 2020}}</ref> He was deeply influenced by the writings of [[Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], [[Babarao Savarkar]], Arvind Ghosh and [[B. S. Moonje]]. He also read [[Giuseppe Mazzini|Mazzini]] and other enlightenment philosophers. He considered that the cultural and religious heritage of Hindus should be the basis of Indian nationhood.<ref name="Malik 1994">{{cite book|last=Malik|first=Yogendra|title=Hindu nationalists in India : the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party|publisher=Westview Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-8133-8810-6|location=Boulder|page=158}}</ref> | ||
[[File:RSS meeting 1939.jpg|thumb|Hedgewar and his initial followers during an RSS meeting in 1939]] | [[File:RSS meeting 1939.jpg|thumb|Hedgewar and his initial followers during an RSS meeting in 1939]] | ||
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He attended the annual ''Sangh Shiksha Varg'' (officer training camp) in 1940, where he gave his last message to Swayamsevaks, saying: 'I see before my eyes today a miniature Hindu Rashtra."<ref name="Kanungo2002"/><ref name="Basu1993"/> He died on the morning of 21 June 1940 in Nagpur. His last rites were performed in the locality of Resham Bagh in Nagpur, which was later developed as [[Hedgewar Smruti Mandir]].<ref name="Kanungo2002"/><ref name=timesnownews>{{cite news|title=Nagpur: RSS founder's memorial Smruti Mandir gets tourism status|work=www.timesnownews.com|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/nagpur-rss-founder-memorial-smruti-mandir-gets-tourism-status/225855|date=8 May 2018}}</ref> | He attended the annual ''Sangh Shiksha Varg'' (officer training camp) in 1940, where he gave his last message to Swayamsevaks, saying: 'I see before my eyes today a miniature Hindu Rashtra."<ref name="Kanungo2002"/><ref name="Basu1993"/> He died on the morning of 21 June 1940 in Nagpur. His last rites were performed in the locality of Resham Bagh in Nagpur, which was later developed as [[Hedgewar Smruti Mandir]].<ref name="Kanungo2002"/><ref name=timesnownews>{{cite news|title=Nagpur: RSS founder's memorial Smruti Mandir gets tourism status|work=www.timesnownews.com|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/nagpur-rss-founder-memorial-smruti-mandir-gets-tourism-status/225855|date=8 May 2018}}</ref> | ||
Hedgewar was described as "a great son of [[Bharat Mata|Mother India]]" by former [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] during his visit to Hedgewar's birthplace in Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/pranab-hails-hedgewar-as-great-son-of-india-118060701079_1.html |title=Pranab hails Hedgewar as 'great son of India' |date=7 June 2018 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref> | Former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee described Hegdewar as a great patriot, freedom fighter and nationalist during his commemoration on a postal stamp in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Vajpayee releases stamp on Hedgewar |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/18hedge.htm |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Hedgewar was described as "a great son of [[Bharat Mata|Mother India]]" by former [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] during his visit to Hedgewar's birthplace in Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/pranab-hails-hedgewar-as-great-son-of-india-118060701079_1.html |title=Pranab hails Hedgewar as 'great son of India' |date=7 June 2018 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
=== | === Establishments named after Hedgewar === | ||
*Shree Keshav Co operative Credit Society Ltd. Junagadh, Gujarat. | *Shree Keshav Co operative Credit Society Ltd. Junagadh, Gujarat.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
*Dr. Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research (Dhimsr) Amravati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hedgewarhospital.org/pages/aboutus.htm|title=Dr.Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research, Amravati|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105152342/http://hedgewarhospital.org/pages/aboutus.htm|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref> | *Dr. Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research (Dhimsr) Amravati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hedgewarhospital.org/pages/aboutus.htm|title=Dr.Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research, Amravati|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105152342/http://hedgewarhospital.org/pages/aboutus.htm|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref> | ||
*Dr. Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan Ahmednagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drhedgewaredu.com/about_us.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105153755/http://www.drhedgewaredu.com/about_us.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-11-05|title=About us|publisher=Dr.Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan, Ahmednagar.}}</ref> | *Dr. Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan Ahmednagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drhedgewaredu.com/about_us.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105153755/http://www.drhedgewaredu.com/about_us.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-11-05|title=About us|publisher=Dr.Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan, Ahmednagar.}}</ref> | ||
*Dr. K. B. Hedgewar High School Goa | *Dr. K. B. Hedgewar High School Goa{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
*Dr. | *Dr. Hedgewar Aarogya Sansthan, Karkardooma, New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DoIT_Health/health/home/hospitals/dr.hedgewar+aarogya+sansthan/dr.hedgewar+aarogya+sansthan|title=Dr.Hedgewar Aarogya Sansthan, Karkardooma, New Delhi, Delhi 110032}}</ref> | ||
*[[Hedgewar Hospital]], Aurangabad. | *[[Hedgewar Hospital]], Aurangabad. | ||
*Hedgewar Ayurvedic BAMS college ,Chikhli Maharashtra | *Hedgewar Ayurvedic BAMS college, Chikhli Maharashtra.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
*Dr Keshav | *Dr Keshav Baliram Hedgewar chair, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
*[[Keshav Srushti]], Bhayander (W), Thane, Maharashtra | |||
== References == | == References == | ||