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Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under Mohamed Morsi (edit)
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{{About|the events following the 2011 Egyptian revolution culminating in the election of Mohamed Morsi|the full sequence of events following 2011 revolution|Aftermath of the 2011 Egyptian revolution}} | {{About|the events following the 2011 Egyptian revolution culminating in the election of Mohamed Morsi|the full sequence of events following 2011 revolution|Aftermath of the 2011 Egyptian revolution}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
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On 11 September, a protest was organized by [[Wesam Abdel-Wareth]], a [[Salafi]]st leader and president of Egypt's [[Hekma (TV station)|Hekma television channel]], who called for a gathering at 5 pm in front of the United States Embassy, to protest against a film that he thought was named ''Muhammad's Trial''.<ref name="ahram">[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/52567/Egypt/Egypt-army-intervenes-to-pacify-Salafist-protest-a.aspx Egypt army intervenes to pacify Salafist protest at U.S. embassy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030175140/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/52567/Egypt/Egypt-army-intervenes-to-pacify-Salafist-protest-a.aspx |date=30 October 2012 }}, Ahram Online, 11 September 2012.</ref><ref name="sfgate0914">[http://www.sfgate.com/business/bloomberg/article/Egyptian-Protesters-Scale-U-S-Embassy-Walls-Rip-3865961.php Egyptian Protesters Scale U.S. Embassy Walls, Rip Down Flag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001074328/http://www.sfgate.com/business/bloomberg/article/Egyptian-Protesters-Scale-U-S-Embassy-Walls-Rip-3865961.php |date=1 October 2012 }}, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 September 2012.</ref> After the trailer for the film began circulating, Nader Bakkar,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/naderbakkar |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327061041/https://twitter.com/naderbakkar |archive-date=27 March 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> the Egyptian Salafist [[Nour Party]]'s spokesman, and [[Muhammad al-Zawahiri]], the brother of al-Qaeda leader [[Ayman al-Zawahiri|Ayman al Zawihiri]], called for Egyptians to assemble outside of the American embassy.<ref name="Blind sheikh motive">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012/09/12/libyan-officials-us-ambassador-killed-in-attack/57752828/1|title=Deadly embassy attacks were days in the making|work=USA Today|date=13 September 2012|access-date=16 September 2012|author1=Lynch, Sara|author2=Dorell, Oren|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915040232/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012/09/12/libyan-officials-us-ambassador-killed-in-attack/57752828/1|archive-date=15 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> About 3,000 demonstrators, many of them from the ultraconservative [[Salafi]]st movement, responded to his call. A dozen men were then reported to have scaled the embassy walls, after which one of them [[Flag desecration|tore down]] the [[flag of the United States of America]] and replaced it with a [[Black Standard|black Islamist flag]] with the inscription of the ''[[shahada]]'': "There is no god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God". Some of the protesters also wrote "There is no God but Allah" on the compound walls. According to [[Sherine Tadros]] of ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', the protestors demanded that the film be taken "out of circulation" and that some of the protestors would stay at the site until that happens. Thousands of Egyptian riot police were at the embassy following the breach of the walls; they eventually persuaded the trespassers to leave the compound without the use of force. After that, only a few hundred protesters remained outside the compound.<ref name="aljaz">{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/09/20129112108737726.html|title=US envoy dies in Benghazi consulate attack|date=12 September 2012|publisher=Al Jazeera English|access-date=12 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912034153/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/09/20129112108737726.html|archive-date=12 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> During the entry into the embassy grounds [[Marine Security Guard|United States Marines]] were not allowed to carry live ammunition by the State Department.<ref>{{cite news|title=Reports: Marines Not Permitted Live Ammo|author=Adam Kredo|url=http://freebeacon.com/reports-marines-not-permitted-live-ammo/|newspaper=Free Beacon|publisher=Center for American Freedom|date=13 September 2012|access-date=6 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112200517/http://freebeacon.com/reports-marines-not-permitted-live-ammo/|archive-date=12 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt's prime minister [[Hesham Kandil]] said "a number" of protesters later confessed to getting paid to participate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/15/world/meast/egypt-us-embassy-protests/index.html|title=Amid uneasy calm in Cairo, prime minister says some were paid to protest|date=15 September 2012|publisher=CNN|access-date=30 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125072359/http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/15/world/meast/egypt-us-embassy-protests/index.html|archive-date=25 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | On 11 September, a protest was organized by [[Wesam Abdel-Wareth]], a [[Salafi]]st leader and president of Egypt's [[Hekma (TV station)|Hekma television channel]], who called for a gathering at 5 pm in front of the United States Embassy, to protest against a film that he thought was named ''Muhammad's Trial''.<ref name="ahram">[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/52567/Egypt/Egypt-army-intervenes-to-pacify-Salafist-protest-a.aspx Egypt army intervenes to pacify Salafist protest at U.S. embassy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030175140/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/52567/Egypt/Egypt-army-intervenes-to-pacify-Salafist-protest-a.aspx |date=30 October 2012 }}, Ahram Online, 11 September 2012.</ref><ref name="sfgate0914">[http://www.sfgate.com/business/bloomberg/article/Egyptian-Protesters-Scale-U-S-Embassy-Walls-Rip-3865961.php Egyptian Protesters Scale U.S. Embassy Walls, Rip Down Flag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001074328/http://www.sfgate.com/business/bloomberg/article/Egyptian-Protesters-Scale-U-S-Embassy-Walls-Rip-3865961.php |date=1 October 2012 }}, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 September 2012.</ref> After the trailer for the film began circulating, Nader Bakkar,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/naderbakkar |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327061041/https://twitter.com/naderbakkar |archive-date=27 March 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> the Egyptian Salafist [[Nour Party]]'s spokesman, and [[Muhammad al-Zawahiri]], the brother of al-Qaeda leader [[Ayman al-Zawahiri|Ayman al Zawihiri]], called for Egyptians to assemble outside of the American embassy.<ref name="Blind sheikh motive">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012/09/12/libyan-officials-us-ambassador-killed-in-attack/57752828/1|title=Deadly embassy attacks were days in the making|work=USA Today|date=13 September 2012|access-date=16 September 2012|author1=Lynch, Sara|author2=Dorell, Oren|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915040232/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012/09/12/libyan-officials-us-ambassador-killed-in-attack/57752828/1|archive-date=15 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> About 3,000 demonstrators, many of them from the ultraconservative [[Salafi]]st movement, responded to his call. A dozen men were then reported to have scaled the embassy walls, after which one of them [[Flag desecration|tore down]] the [[flag of the United States of America]] and replaced it with a [[Black Standard|black Islamist flag]] with the inscription of the ''[[shahada]]'': "There is no god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God". Some of the protesters also wrote "There is no God but Allah" on the compound walls. According to [[Sherine Tadros]] of ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', the protestors demanded that the film be taken "out of circulation" and that some of the protestors would stay at the site until that happens. Thousands of Egyptian riot police were at the embassy following the breach of the walls; they eventually persuaded the trespassers to leave the compound without the use of force. After that, only a few hundred protesters remained outside the compound.<ref name="aljaz">{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/09/20129112108737726.html|title=US envoy dies in Benghazi consulate attack|date=12 September 2012|publisher=Al Jazeera English|access-date=12 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912034153/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/09/20129112108737726.html|archive-date=12 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> During the entry into the embassy grounds [[Marine Security Guard|United States Marines]] were not allowed to carry live ammunition by the State Department.<ref>{{cite news|title=Reports: Marines Not Permitted Live Ammo|author=Adam Kredo|url=http://freebeacon.com/reports-marines-not-permitted-live-ammo/|newspaper=Free Beacon|publisher=Center for American Freedom|date=13 September 2012|access-date=6 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112200517/http://freebeacon.com/reports-marines-not-permitted-live-ammo/|archive-date=12 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt's prime minister [[Hesham Kandil]] said "a number" of protesters later confessed to getting paid to participate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/15/world/meast/egypt-us-embassy-protests/index.html|title=Amid uneasy calm in Cairo, prime minister says some were paid to protest|date=15 September 2012|publisher=CNN|access-date=30 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125072359/http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/15/world/meast/egypt-us-embassy-protests/index.html|archive-date=25 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On 14 September, in the town of [[Sheikh Zuwayed]] in the [[Sinai Peninsula]], protesters stormed a compound of the [[Multinational Force and Observers]], designed to monitor the [[Camp David Accords|peace treaty]] between Egypt and Israel. The peacekeeping force opened fire on the protesters. Two members of the peacekeeping force were wounded.<ref name=reuters914>{{cite | On 14 September, in the town of [[Sheikh Zuwayed]] in the [[Sinai Peninsula]], protesters stormed a compound of the [[Multinational Force and Observers]], designed to monitor the [[Camp David Accords|peace treaty]] between Egypt and Israel. The peacekeeping force opened fire on the protesters. Two members of the peacekeeping force were wounded.<ref name=reuters914>{{cite news|title=Anti-American fury sweeps Middle East over film|date=14 September 2012 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-protests-idUSBRE88D0O320120914|work=Reuters|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915235455/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/14/us-film-protests-idUSBRE88D0O320120914|archive-date=15 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/topic/anti-islam-video-protests/ultraconservative-protesters-storm-un-sinai-camp|title=Ultraconservative protesters storm UN Sinai camp|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=14 September 2012|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224222256/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/topic/anti-islam-video-protests/ultraconservative-protesters-storm-un-sinai-camp|archive-date=24 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ahmad Fouad Ashoush]], a Salafist Muslim cleric, issued a fatwa saying: "I issue a fatwa and call on the Muslim youth in America and Europe to do this duty, which is to kill the director, the producer and the actors and everyone who helped and promoted the film."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/lebanon/9549664/Fatwa-issued-against-Innocence-of-Muslims-film-producer.html |title=Fatwa issued against 'Innocence of Muslims' film producer |work=The Telegraph|date=2012-09-18 |access-date=2012-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615104327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/lebanon/9549664/Fatwa-issued-against-Innocence-of-Muslims-film-producer.html |archive-date=15 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Another Muslim cleric, [[Ahmed Abdullah]] (aka Abu Islam) tore up the Bible and threw the torn pages on the ground during 11 September embassy attack.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/20/the-price-of-obamas-muslim-empathy/ |title=The price of Obama's Muslim empathy |publisher=Washingtontimes.com |date=2012-09-20 |access-date=2012-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122185019/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/20/the-price-of-obamas-muslim-empathy/ |archive-date=22 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aina.org/news/20120913204249.htm |title=Muslim Cleric Tears Bible at Protest Outside the US Embassy in Cairo |publisher=Aina.org |date=2012-09-14 |access-date=2012-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017143901/http://www.aina.org/news/20120913204249.htm |archive-date=17 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On 22 September, Egypt's Supreme Administrative Court upheld on 22 September upheld an earlier Supreme Constitutional Court ruling, which had ordered the dissolution of the lower house of Egypt's parliament (People's Assembly) based on the unconstitutionality of some of the parliamentary elections law. The administrative court said that since the electoral laws on which the People's Assembly was elected were found to be unconstitutional, the entire composition of the assembly is invalid.<ref>{{cite web|title=Egyptian court rules parliament's lower house "null"|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-09/23/c_131867235.htm|publisher=[[Xinhua]]|access-date=24 September 2012|date=22 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927224429/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-09/23/c_131867235.htm|archive-date=27 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt court upholds dissolution of house|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-68809-Egypt-court-upholds-dissolution-of-house|access-date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[The News International]]|date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923054534/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-68809-Egypt-court-upholds-dissolution-of-house|archive-date=23 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Administrative court upholds ruling to dissolve Parliament|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/administrative-court-upholds-ruling-dissolve-parliament|access-date=24 September 2012|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001922/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/administrative-court-upholds-ruling-dissolve-parliament|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt Islamists slam parliament's death knell, liberals celebrate|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/53609/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-Islamists-slam-parliaments-death-knell,-libe.aspx|access-date=24 September 2012|newspaper=Al-Ahram|date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615131559/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/53609/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-Islamists-slam-parliaments-death-knell,-libe.aspx|archive-date=15 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> | On 22 September, Egypt's Supreme Administrative Court upheld on 22 September upheld an earlier Supreme Constitutional Court ruling, which had ordered the dissolution of the lower house of Egypt's parliament (People's Assembly) based on the unconstitutionality of some of the parliamentary elections law. The administrative court said that since the electoral laws on which the People's Assembly was elected were found to be unconstitutional, the entire composition of the assembly is invalid.<ref>{{cite web|title=Egyptian court rules parliament's lower house "null"|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-09/23/c_131867235.htm|publisher=[[Xinhua]]|access-date=24 September 2012|date=22 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927224429/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-09/23/c_131867235.htm|archive-date=27 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt court upholds dissolution of house|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-68809-Egypt-court-upholds-dissolution-of-house|access-date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[The News International]]|date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923054534/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-68809-Egypt-court-upholds-dissolution-of-house|archive-date=23 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Administrative court upholds ruling to dissolve Parliament|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/administrative-court-upholds-ruling-dissolve-parliament|access-date=24 September 2012|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001922/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/administrative-court-upholds-ruling-dissolve-parliament|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt Islamists slam parliament's death knell, liberals celebrate|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/53609/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-Islamists-slam-parliaments-death-knell,-libe.aspx|access-date=24 September 2012|newspaper=Al-Ahram|date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615131559/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/53609/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-Islamists-slam-parliaments-death-knell,-libe.aspx|archive-date=15 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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====October==== | ====October==== | ||
On 1 October, Egypt's doctors began on Monday a partial strike that lasted for weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/egypt-doctors-strike-better-wages-services-172738842.html|title=Egypt doctors strike for better wages, services|date=1 October 2012|work=Yahoo News|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044959/http://news.yahoo.com/egypt-doctors-strike-better-wages-services-172738842.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/16/world/la-fg-egypt-health-care-20121017|title=In Egypt, doctors see strike as their 'last resort'|work= | On 1 October, Egypt's doctors began on Monday a partial strike that lasted for weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/egypt-doctors-strike-better-wages-services-172738842.html|title=Egypt doctors strike for better wages, services|date=1 October 2012|work=Yahoo News|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044959/http://news.yahoo.com/egypt-doctors-strike-better-wages-services-172738842.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/16/world/la-fg-egypt-health-care-20121017|title=In Egypt, doctors see strike as their 'last resort'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=16 October 2012 |access-date=9 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306231329/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/16/world/la-fg-egypt-health-care-20121017|archive-date=6 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On 2 October, The Administrative Court of the State Council postponed its decision on the constitutionality of Egypt's Constituent Assembly until 9 October 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian court continues review into Constituent Assembly|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/54517/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-court-continues-review-into-Constituent-A.aspx|access-date=2 October 2012|newspaper=Al-Ahram|date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002155931/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/54517/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-court-continues-review-into-Constituent-A.aspx|archive-date=2 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ruling on constitution panel delayed amid splits|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/region/egypt/ruling-on-constitution-panel-delayed-amid-splits-1.1084222|publisher=Gulf News|access-date=2 October 2012|author=Ramadan Al Sherbini|date=18 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003101102/http://gulfnews.com/news/region/egypt/ruling-on-constitution-panel-delayed-amid-splits-1.1084222|archive-date=3 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Three legal challenges to Constituent Assembly postponed|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/three-legal-challenges-constituent-assembly-postponed|access-date=2 October 2012|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004235410/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/three-legal-challenges-constituent-assembly-postponed|archive-date=4 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Whittle|first=Thomas|title=Verdict on dissolution of Egypt's Constituent Assembly postponed|url=http://www.nzweek.com/world/verdict-on-dissolution-of-egypts-constituent-assembly-postponed-8462/|work=[[Xinhua]]|publisher=NZ Week|access-date=2 October 2012|date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227144741/http://www.nzweek.com/world/verdict-on-dissolution-of-egypts-constituent-assembly-postponed-8462/|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | On 2 October, The Administrative Court of the State Council postponed its decision on the constitutionality of Egypt's Constituent Assembly until 9 October 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian court continues review into Constituent Assembly|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/54517/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-court-continues-review-into-Constituent-A.aspx|access-date=2 October 2012|newspaper=Al-Ahram|date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002155931/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/54517/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-court-continues-review-into-Constituent-A.aspx|archive-date=2 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ruling on constitution panel delayed amid splits|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/region/egypt/ruling-on-constitution-panel-delayed-amid-splits-1.1084222|publisher=Gulf News|access-date=2 October 2012|author=Ramadan Al Sherbini|date=18 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003101102/http://gulfnews.com/news/region/egypt/ruling-on-constitution-panel-delayed-amid-splits-1.1084222|archive-date=3 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Three legal challenges to Constituent Assembly postponed|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/three-legal-challenges-constituent-assembly-postponed|access-date=2 October 2012|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004235410/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/three-legal-challenges-constituent-assembly-postponed|archive-date=4 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Whittle|first=Thomas|title=Verdict on dissolution of Egypt's Constituent Assembly postponed|url=http://www.nzweek.com/world/verdict-on-dissolution-of-egypts-constituent-assembly-postponed-8462/|work=[[Xinhua]]|publisher=NZ Week|access-date=2 October 2012|date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227144741/http://www.nzweek.com/world/verdict-on-dissolution-of-egypts-constituent-assembly-postponed-8462/|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||