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{{Short description|List of Indian monarchs}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Short description|List of Indian monarchs}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|reason=Large sections of the article are not referenced; several reigns are inaccurate|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|reason=Large sections of the article are not referenced; several reigns are inaccurate|date=April 2022}}


The following '''list of Indian monarchs''' is one of several [[lists of incumbents]].
The following '''list of Indian monarchs''' is one of several [[lists of incumbents]].  It includes those said to have ruled a portion of the [[Indian subcontinent]], including [[Sri Lanka]].


Early later documented rulers and [[Dynasty|dynasties]] who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the [[Indian subcontinent]] are included in this list.
[[File:South Asia (orthographic projection) without national boundaries.svg|thumb|[[South Asia]], main centre of Indian culture]]
 
The [[Mahajanapada|earliest Indian rulers]] are known from [[Sanskrit literature]], [[Jain literature]] and a few in [[Buddhist literature]] in context of [[Indian literature|literary sources]]. [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent|Archaeological sources]] included archological remains in [[Indian subcontinent]] which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.
 
Early types of historic documentation include [[Coinage of India|metal coins]] with an indication of the ruler, or at least the [[dynasty]], at the time. These [[Punch-marked coins]] issued around 600s BCE and in abundance under the [[Maurya Empire]] in 300s BCE.
 
There are also [[Early Indian epigraphy|stone inscriptions]] and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of [[North India]] are fairly clear from this point on, but the many local rulers, and the situation in the [[Deccan]] and [[South India]] is less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of [[South India]]n history is [[Sangam Literature]] dated from 300s BCE.
 
Time period of ancient Indian rulers rulers are speculative, or at least uncertain. The early history of many dynasties of [[Ancient India]] and are currently uncertain.


==Heheya Kingdom==
==Heheya Kingdom==
Line 35: Line 44:
A number of early medieval dynasties, which include the [[Kalachuri]] and [[Mushika Kingdom]] of [[Kerala]], claimed their descent from the Haihayas.<ref>Thapar, Romila (1996). ''Ancient Indian Social History Some Interpretations'', New Delhi: Orient Longman, {{ISBN|81-250-0808-X}}, p.282</ref>
A number of early medieval dynasties, which include the [[Kalachuri]] and [[Mushika Kingdom]] of [[Kerala]], claimed their descent from the Haihayas.<ref>Thapar, Romila (1996). ''Ancient Indian Social History Some Interpretations'', New Delhi: Orient Longman, {{ISBN|81-250-0808-X}}, p.282</ref>


==Magadha dynasties==
== Magadha dynasties ==
{{main|Magadha}}
{{main|Magadha}}


This list includes the legendary kings of [[Magadha]]:
=== Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE) ===
* '''King Magadha'''
{{Main|Brihadratha dynasty}}
* [[Parikshita]]
* [[Suhotra]]
* [[Chyavana]]
* [[Kriti]]
* [[Pratipa]]
 
===Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700–682 BCE)===
{{Main|Brihadratha}}
 
*[[Brihadratha]]
*[[Jarasandha]]
*[[Sahadeva of Magadha]]
*Somadhi (1661–1603 BCE)
*Srutasravas (1603–1539 BCE)
*Ayutayus (1539–1503 BCE)
*[[Niramitra]] (1503–1463 BCE)
*Sukshatra (1463–1405 BCE)
*Brihatkarman ( 1405–1382 BCE)
*Senajit ( 1382–1332 BCE)
*Srutanjaya ( 1332–1292 BCE)
*Vipra (1292–1257 BCE)
*Suchi (1257–1199 BCE)
*Kshemya (1199–1171 BCE)
*Subrata (1171–1107BCE)
*Dharma ( 1107–1043 BCE)
*Susuma (1008–970 BCE)
*Dridhasena (970–912 BCE)
*Sumati (912–879 BCE)
*[[Subala]] (879–857 BCE)
*Sunita (857–817 BCE)
*Satyajit (817–767 BCE)
*Viswajit (767–732 BCE)
*Ripunjya (732–682 BCE)
(''He was the last ruler of [[Brihadratha|Brihadratha dynasty]] dethorned by [[Pradyota]] in 682 BCE'')
 
===Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE)===
{{main|Pradyota dynasty}}
 
*[[Pradyota|Pradyota Mahasena]] (682–659 BCE)
*Palaka (659–635 BCE)
*Visakhayupa (635–585 BCE)
*Ajaka (585–564 BCE)
*Varttivarddhana (564–544 BCE)
(''last ruler of the Pradyota dynasty'')
 
===Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE)===
{{main|Haryanka dynasty}}
 
* [[Bimbisara]] (544–491 BCE)
* [[Ajatashatru]] (491–461 BCE)
* [[Udayin]]  (461–428 BCE)
* Anirudha (428–419 BCE)
* Munda (419–417 BCE)
* Darshaka (417–415 BCE)
* [[Nāgadāsaka]] (415–413 BCE),
(''last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty'')
 
===Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE)===
{{main|Shaishunaga dynasty}}
 
* [[Shishunaga]] (413–395 BCE),
''(He was placed on the throne by the people who revolted against the Haryanka dynasty rule)''
* [[Kalashoka]] (''[[Kakavarna]]'') (395–377 BCE)
* Kshemadharman (377–365 BCE)
* Kshatraujas (365–355 BCE)
* [[Nandivardhana]] (355–349 BCE)
*[[Mahanandin]] (349–345 BCE),
''(His empire was inherited by his illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]])''
 
===Nanda dynasty (c. 345–322 BCE)===
{{main|Nanda Empire}}
 
*[[Mahapadma Nanda]] (345–340 BCE),
''(Son of [[Mahanandin]], founded the [[Nanda dynasty|Nanda Empire]] after inheriting Mahanandin's empire)''
* Pandhukananda (340–339 BCE)
* Panghupatinanda (339–338 BCE)
* Bhutapalananda (338–337 BCE)
* Rashtrapalananada (337–336 BCE)
* Govishanakananda (336–335 BCE)
* Dashasidkhakananda (335–334 BCE)
* Kaivartananda (334–333 BCE)
* Karvinathanand (333–330 BCE)
*[[Dhana Nanda]] (330–321 BCE)
(''Agrammes'', ''Xandrammes'' by Greeks),
''(lost his empire to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] after being defeated by him.)''
 
===Maurya dynasty (c. 322–185 BCE)===
{{main|Maurya Empire}}


;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
|+List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Brihadratha]] ||
|-
| [[Jarasandha]] ||
|-
| [[Sahadeva of Magadha]] ||
|-
| Somadhi || 1661–1603 BCE
|-
| Srutasravas || 1603–1539 BCE
|-
| Ayutayus || 1539–1503 BCE
|-
| [[Niramitra]] || 1503–1463 BCE
|-
| Sukshatra || 1463–1405 BCE
|-
| Brihatkarman || 1405–1382 BCE
|-
| Senajit || 1382–1332 BCE
|-
| Srutanjaya || 1332–1292 BCE
|-
| Vipra || 1292–1257 BCE
|-
| Suchi || 1257–1199 BCE
|-
| Kshemya || 1199–1171 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Chandragupta Maurya]]||[[File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.png|100px]] ||321–297 BCE|| Founder of First Indian United Empire
| Subrata || 1171–1107 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Bindusara Amitraghata]]||[[File:I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg|100px]] ||297–273 BCE||Known for his Foreign diplomacy
| Dharma || 1107–1043 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Ashoka]]||[[File:Ashoka's visit to the Ramagrama stupa Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern gateway.jpg|100px]] ||268–232 BCE||Greatest King of Maurya dynasty, His son, [[Kunala]], was blinded, and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson.
| Susuma || 1043–970 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Dasharatha Maurya]]||[[File:Dasaratha Maurya inscription on entrance of Vadathika cave.jpg|100px]] ||232–224 BCE||Grandson of Ashoka.
| Dridhasena || 970–912 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Samprati]]||||224–215 BCE||Brother of Dasharatha.
| Sumati || 912–879 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Shalishuka]]||[[File:Mauryan Empire. temp. Salisuka or later. Circa 207-194 BC.jpg|100px]]||215–202 BCE||
| [[Subala]] || 879–857 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Devavarman]]||||202–195 BCE||
| Sunita || 857–817 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Shatadhanvan]]||||195–187 BCE|| The [[Mauryan Empire]] had shrunk by the time of his reign
| Satyajit || 817–767 BCE
|-
|-
|[[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]||||187–184 BCE|| Assassinated by [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]
| Viswajit || 767–732 BCE
|-
|-
| [[Ripunjaya]] || 732–682 BCE
|}
|}
(''[[Ripunjaya]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethorned by [[Pradyota]] in 682 BCE'')


===Shunga Empire (c. 185–73 BCE)===
=== Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE) ===
{{main|Shunga Empire}}
{{main|Pradyota dynasty}}


* [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] (185–149 BCE),
;Rulers-
''(founded the dynasty after assassinating [[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]] in 184 BCE)''
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Agnimitra]] (149–141 BCE),
|+List of Pradyota dynasty Rulers
''(Greatest of Sunga Emperors, extended empire up to [[Kashmir]])''
!Ruler
* [[Vasujyeshtha]] (141–131 BCE)
!Reign (BCE)
* [[Vasumitra]] (131–124 BCE)
!Period
* Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
|-
* Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
| [[Pradyota|Pradyota Mahasena]]
* Ghosha (119–116 BCE)
| 682–659 BCE
* Vajramitra (116–110 BCE)
| 23
* [[Bhagabhadra]] (c. 110 BCE),
|-
''(also mentioned by the [[Puranas]])''
| Palaka
* [[Devabhuti]] (83–73 BCE),
| 659–635 BCE
''(last ruler of Shunga dynasty, dethroned by [[Vasudeva Kanva]] of Kanva dynasty)''
| 24
|-
| Visakhayupa
| 635–585 BCE
| 50
|-
| Ajaka
| 585–564 BCE
| 21
|-
| Varttivarddhana
| 564–544 BCE
| 20
|}
(''Varttivarddhana was last ruler of dynasty dethroned by [[Bimbisara]] in 544 BCE'')


===Kanva dynasty (c. 73–26 BCE)===
=== Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE) ===
{{main|Kanva dynasty}}
{{main|Haryanka dynasty}}


* [[Vasudeva Kanva|Vasudeva]] (75–66 BCE)
;Rulers-
* Bhumimitra (66–52 BCE)
{| class="wikitable"
* Narayana (52–40 BCE)
|+List of Haryanka dynasty rulers
* Susarman (40–26 BCE)
!Ruler
''(Susarman was the last ruler of Kanva dynasty, dethroned by [[Simuka]] of [[Satavahan dynasty]])''
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Bimbisara]] || 544–491 BCE
|-
| [[Ajatashatru]] || 491–461 BCE
|-
| [[Udayin]] || 461–428 BCE
|-
| Anirudha || 428–419 BCE
|-
| Munda || 419–417 BCE
|-
| Darshaka || 417–415 BCE
|-
| [[Nāgadāsaka]] || 415–413 BCE
|}
(''[[Nāgadāsaka]] was last ruler of dynasty overthrowed by [[Shishunaga]] in 413 BCE'')


== Ancient South Indian Kingdoms ==
=== Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE) ===
{{Main|South India|List of Tamil monarchs}}
{{main|Shaishunaga dynasty}}


[[File:South India in Sangam Period.jpg|thumb|300px|Tamilakam]]
;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Shishunga dynasty rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Shishunaga]] || 413–395 BCE
|-
| [[Kalashoka]] || 395–377 BCE
|-
| Kshemadharman || 377–365 BCE
|-
| Kshatraujas || 365–355 BCE
|-
| [[Nandivardhana]] || 355–349 BCE
|-
| [[Mahanandin]] || 349–345 BCE
|}
''([[Mahanandin]] lost his empire by his illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 345 BCE)''


===Pandyan dynasty (c. 1100 BCE – 1650 CE)===
=== Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE) ===
{{main|Pandya dynasty}}
{{main|Nanda Empire}}
{{see also|Conquest of the Nanda Empire}}


====Early Pandyans====
;Rulers-
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Koon Pandiyan]]
|+List of Nanda dynasty rulers
''(Earliest Known Pandyan king, dated 10th Century BCE)''
!Ruler
* [[Nedunjeliyan I|Nedunj Cheliyan I]]
!Reign (BCE)
''(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)''
|-
(he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi]])
| [[Mahapadma Nanda]] || 345–340 BCE
* Pudappandiyan
|-
* Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
| Pandhukananda || 340–339 BCE
* [[Nedunjeliyan II|Nedunj Cheliyan II]]
|-
''(Pasumpun Pandiyan)''
| Panghupatinanda || 339–338 BCE
* Nan Maran
|-
* Nedunj Cheliyan III
| Bhutapalananda || 338–337 BCE
''(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)''
|-
* Maran Valudi
| Rashtrapalananada || 337–336 BCE
* Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
|-
* Ukkirap Peruvaluthi
| Govishanakananda || 336–335 BCE
|-
| Dashasidkhakananda || 335–334 BCE
|-
| Kaivartananda || 334–333 BCE
|-
| Karvinathanand || 333–330 BCE
|-
| [[Dhana Nanda]] || 330–322 BCE
|}
''([[Dhana Nanda]] lost his empire to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)''


====Middle Pandyans (c. 590 – 920 CE)====
=== Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 184 BCE) ===
{{main|Maurya Empire}}


* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
;Rulers-
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (c. 620–645 CE)
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Jayantavarman]] (c. 645–670 CE)
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (c. 670–710 CE)
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710–735 CE)
|-
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765)
|[[Chandragupta Maurya]]||[[File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.png|100px]] ||322–297 BCE|| Founder of first Indian united empire.
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
|-
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
|[[Bindusara]]||[[File:I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg|100px]] ||297–273 BCE||Known for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of [[Vidarbh]] revolt.
* Varagunan I (800–830)
|-
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862)
|[[Ashoka]]||[[File:Ashoka's visit to the Ramagrama stupa Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern gateway.jpg|100px]] ||268–232 BCE||Greatest emperor of dynasty. His son [[Kunala]] was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for [[Kalinga war]] victory.
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880)
|-
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
|[[Dasharatha Maurya]]||[[File:Dasaratha Maurya inscription on entrance of Vadathika cave.jpg|100px]] ||232–224 BCE||Grandson of Ashoka.
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920)
|-
|[[Samprati]]||||224–215 BCE||Brother of Dasharatha.
|-
|[[Shalishuka]]||[[File:Mauryan Empire. temp. Salisuka or later. Circa 207-194 BC.jpg|100px]]||215–202 BCE||
|-
|[[Devavarman]]||||202–195 BCE||
|-
|[[Shatadhanvan]]||||195–187 BCE|| The Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
|-
|[[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]||||187–184 BCE|| Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] in 185 BCE.
|-
|}
''([[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] in 185 BCE)''


====Pandyans under ''Chola empire'' (c. 920 – 1216 CE)====
=== Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE) ===
{{main|Shunga Empire}}


*Sundara Pandyan I
;Rulers-
*Vira Pandyan I
{| class="wikitable"
*Vira Pandyan II
|+List of Shunga dynasty rulers
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
!Ruler
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
!Reign (BCE)
*Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
|-
*Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
| [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]|| 185–149 BCE
*Jatavarman Chola Pandya
|-
*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
| [[Agnimitra]]|| 149–141 BCE
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
|-
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162)
| [[Vasujyeshtha]]|| 141–131 BCE
*Kulasekara Pandyan III
|-
*Vira Pandyan III
| [[Vasumitra]]|| 131–124 BCE
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
|-
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216)
| Bhadraka || 124–122 BCE
|-
| Pulindaka|| 122–119 BCE
|-
| Ghosha|| 119–108 BCE
|-
| Vajramitra|| 108–94 BCE
|-
| [[Bhagabhadra]]|| 94–83 BCE
|-
| [[Devabhuti]]|| 83–73 BCE
|}
''([[Devabhuti]] was the last ruler of dynasty dethroned by, dethroned [[Vasudeva Kanva]] in 73 BCE)''


==== ''Pandalam'' Later Pandyans (c. 1212 – 1345 CE)====
=== Kanva dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE) ===
{{main|Kanva dynasty}}


*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215)
;Rulers-
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238)
{| class="wikitable"
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240)
|+List of Kanava dynasty rulers
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251)
! Ruler
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268)
!Reign
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308)
!Period
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
|-
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
| [[Vasudeva Kanva]]
| 73–64 BCE
|9
|-
| Bhumimitra
| 64–50 BCE
|14
|-
| Narayana
| 50–38 BCE
|12
|-
| Susarman
|38–28 BCE
|10
|}
''(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Simuka]] of [[Satavahana Empire]])''


====Tenkasi Pandyans (c. 1422 – 1650 CE)====
== Kalinga Empire ==
{{Main|Kalinga (historical region)}}


During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] because of the Islamic and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] invasion, and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.
=== ''First'' Kalinga dynasty (c. 1700 – 700 BCE)===


* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan
According to [[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]], the prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.<ref name=enHindu>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 1|year=1992|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&q=Bali%20Kalinga%20Vanga&pg=PA18|author=Gaṅgā Rām Garg|isbn=9788170223740|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:kalingas|title=Kalingas|website=www.ancientvoice.wikidot.com|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> The Mahabharata also mentions one Srutayudha as the king of the Kalinga kingdom, who joined the [[Kauravas|Kaurava]] camp.<ref name=maha>{{cite book|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Second Book Sabha Parva|publisher=Echo Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPpAfsrooXsC&q=mahabharata%20Srutayudha%20kalinga&pg=PA10|author=Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa|date=March 2008|access-date=28 October 2012|page=10|isbn=9781406870442}}</ref> In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.<ref name=hem>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Mahagovinda%20Suttanta%20kalinga&pg=PA75|access-date=25 October 2012|page=75|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref>
(1422–1463)
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan
(1429–1473)
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]]
(1473–1506)
* Kulasekara Pandyan
(1479–1499)
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan
(1534–1543)
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan
(1543–1552)
* Nelveli Maran
(1552–1564)
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan
(1564–1604)
* Varathunga Pandyan
(1588–1612)
* Varakunarama Pandyan
(1613–1618)
* Kollankondan
(1618–1650)


===Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1530 CE)===
*'''King Kalinga''' ''(founder of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga Kingdom]])''
{{Main|Chera dynasty}}
*'''King Odra''' ''(founder of [[Odra Kingdom]])''
 
*[[Srutayudha]]
====Ancient Chera (c. 600 BCE – 400 CE)====
*Srutayush
*[[Uthiyan Cheralathan]]
*Manimat
(c.600–550 BCE)
*Chitrangada
*Antuvan Chera
*Subahu
(c.550–500 BCE)
*Virasena
*[[Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan]]  
*Sudatta
(c.450–410 BCE)
*Sattabhu
*[[Cheran Chenkutuvan]]
*Nalikira
(c.410–375 BCE)
*Yavanaraj
*Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan
*Dantavakkha ''or'' Dantavakhra
(c.375–345 BCE)
*[[Avakinnayo Karakandu]]
*Poraiyan Kadungo
*Vasupala
(c.345–300 BCE)
*Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral
(c.300–260 BCE)
*Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan
(c.260–225 BCE)
*Selvak-Kadungo
(c.225–200 BCE)
*Adukotpattu Cheralatan
(c.200–178 BCE)
*[[Kuttuvan Irumporai]]
(c.178–185 BCE)
*[[Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral]]
(c.185–145 BCE)
*''Complete list of Kings were lost and last find list started with-''
*[[Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral]]
(201–241 CE)
*Ilamcheral Irumporai
(241–257 CE)
*[[Perumkadungo]]
(257–287 CE)
*Ilamkadungo
(287–317 CE)
*Kanaikal Irumporai
(367–400 CE)
 
==== Kongu Cheras (''Karur'') (c. 400 – 844 CE)====
{{Main|Karur}}
* Ravi Kotha
* Kantan Ravi
* Vira Kotha
* Vira Narayana
* Vira Chola
* Vira Kerala
* Amara Bhujanga Deva
* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva


==== Kodungallur Cheras (c. 844 – 1122 CE) ====
=== ''Second'' Kalinga dynasty (c. 700 – 550 BCE) ===
(''The Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas'')


* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)
This dynasty is mentioned in ''[[Chullakalinga Jataka]] and [[Kalingabodhi Jataka]]''. The first king Kalinga I is said to have broken away from the [[Danda kingdom]] along with the kings of [[Asmaka]] and [[Vidarbha]] as its feudal states.
** [[Kulasekhara Alvar]]/Kulasekhara Varma
*[[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Rama Rajasekhara]] (870–883 CE)
** [[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]]
*Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
* Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
*[[Goda Ravi|Kotha Ravi]] (905–943 CE)
* Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
* Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
* Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
* Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
* Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)


==== Venadu Cheras (''Kulasekhara'') (c. 1090 – 1539 CE)====
* Dandaki
{{Main|Kulasekhara}}
* Kalinga I
*[[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1090–1102)
* Mahakalinga
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
* [[Chullakalinga]]
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
* [[Kalinga II]] (c. 7th – 6th century BCE)
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
* Ravi Varma (1299–1313)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503)
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)


===Chola dynasty (c. 1100 BCE – 1280 CE)===
=== Unknown dynasty mentioned in ''Dathavamsha'' (c. 550 – 410 BCE) ===
{{Main|Chola dynasty}}


====Ancient Cholas====
* Brahmadatta (c. 5th century BCE)
* Kasiraja
* Sunanda
* Guhasiva


*Eri Oliyan Vaendhi (11th Century BCE)
=== Solar dynasty of Kalinga (c. 410 – 380 BCE) ===
*Maandhuvaazhi (10th Century BCE)
*El Mei Nannan (10th Century BCE)
*Keezhai Kinjuvan (9th Century BCE)
*Vazhisai Nannan (9th Century BCE)
*Mei Kiyagusi Aerru (9th Century BCE)
*Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru (8th Century BCE)
*Thizhagan Maandhi (8th Century BCE) BCE
*Maandhi Vaelan (8th Century BCE)
*Aai Adumban (7th Century BCE)


====Early Cholas====
* Brahmaadittiya (c. 4th century BC)


* [[Ilamcetcenni]]
His son, Prince Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya was exiled and as per Maldivian history, established the first kingdom [[List of sultans of the Maldives#Kingdom of Dheeva Maari, Solar dynasty (Adeetta Vansa)|Dheeva Maari]] and laid the foundation of the Adeetta dynasty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohamed |first=Naseema |title=First Settlers |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_2005_num_70_1_3970 |journal=Note on the Early History of the Maldives |date=2005 |page=9 |doi=10.3406/arch.2005.3970 |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref>
(c. 600–550 BCE)
* [[Karikala Chola]]
(c. 550–500 BCE)
* [[Nedunkilli]]
(c.500–455 BCE)
* [[Nalankilli]]
(c.455–410 BCE)
* [[Killivalavan]]
(c.410–375 BCE )
* [[Perunarkilli]]
(c.375–345 BCE)
* [[Kocengannan]]
(c.345–305 BCE)


====Imperial Cholas (c. 848 – 1280 CE)====
== Gonanda Kingdom of Kashmir ==
{{Main|Gonanda dynasty|Kashmir}}


* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] (848–881)
=== Gonanda dynasty I (c. 1700 – 1182 BCE)===
* [[Aditya]] (871–907)
* [[Parantaka I]] (907–955)
* [[Gandaraditya]] (950–957)
* [[Arinjaya]] (956–957)
* [[Parantaka Chola II]] (957–970)
* [[Uttama Chola]] (973–985)
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014)
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1014–1018)
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola I]] (1018–1054)
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] (1054–1063)
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–1070)
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] (1067–1070)
*[[Kulottunga Chola I]] (1071–1122)
* [[Vikkrama Chola]] (1118–1135)
* [[Kulottunga Chola II]] (1133–1150)
* [[Rajaraja Chola II]] (1146–1163)
* [[Rajadiraja Chola II]] (1163–1178)
* [[Kulottunga Chola III]] (1178–1218)
* [[Rajaraja Chola III]] (1216–1246)
* [[Rajendra Chola III]] (1246–1279), last of the Cholas)


===Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)===
[[Kalhana]] mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali [[calendar era]]. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds between 1800 BCE – 1700 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Jogesh Chandra  |year=1879 |title=Kings of Káshmíra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8EIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR20 |publisher=Trübner & Co |pages=xix–xxiii}}</ref>
{{Main|Kingdom of Tambapanni}}


====House of Vijaya (c. 543 – 437 BCE)====
*Gonanda I
{{Main|House of Vijaya}}
*Damodara I
 
*Yashovati
{|style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
*Gonanda II
! width=9%  | Portrait
*'''35 kings (names lost)'''
! width=20% | Name
*Lava
! width=9%  | Birth
*Kusheshaya
! width=9%  | Death
*Khagendra
! width=9%  | King From
*Surendra
! width=9%  | King Until
*Godhara
! width=9%  | Marriages
*Suvarna
! width=26% | Claim
*Janaka
*Shachinara
*[[Ashoka (Gonandiya)]]
*[[Jalauka]]
*Damodara II
*Abhimanyu I
 
=== Gonanditya dynasty (c. 1182 – 246 BCE) ===
 
The Gonanditya dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1979 |orig-year=First published 1900 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=1 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=133–138}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
|-
| Gonanda III || 35 years || 1182 BCE || Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. (I.191) He belonged to [[Rama]]'s lineage, and restored the Nāga rites
|-
|-
|[[File:The Consecration Of King Sinhala-Prince Vijaya (Detail From The Ajanta Mural Of Cave No 17).jpg|100px|Vijaya]]
| Vibhishana I || 53 years, 6 months || 1147 BCE ||
||'''[[Prince Vijaya|Vijaya]]'''
||?<br />[[Sinhapura]]<br />son of [[Sinhabahu]], and [[Sinhasivali]]
||505 BC<br />[[Tambapanni]]
||543 BC
||505 BC
||[[Kuveni]]<br />two children [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandu Princess]]
||Founded [[Sinhala Kingdom|Kingdom]]<br />Marriage to [[Kuveni]]
|-
|-
|||''[[Upatissa (regent)|Upatissa]]''<br><small>''(regent)''</small>
| Indrajit || 35 years || 1094 BCE ||
||-
||-
||505 BC
||504 BC
||
||Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
|-
|-
|||'''[[Panduvasdeva of Tambapanni|Panduvasdeva]]'''
| Ravana || 30 years, 6 months || – || A [[Shivalinga]] attributed to Ravana could still be seen at the time of Kalhana.
||-
|-
||-
| Vibhishana II || 35 years, 6 months || 1058 BCE ||
||504 BC
|-
||474 BC
| Nara I (Kinnara) || 40 years, 9 months || 1023 BCE || His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. He tried to abduct a Nāga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Because of this, the Nāga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire.
||
|-
||Nephew of Vijaya
| Siddha || 60 years || 983 BCE || Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nāga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle.
|-
| Utpalaksha || 30 years, 6 months || 923 BCE || Son of Siddha
|-
| Hiranyaksha || 37 years, 7 months || 893 BCE || Son of Utpalaksha
|-
| Hiranyakula || 60 years || 855 BCE || Son of Hiranyaksha
|-
| Vasukula (Mukula) || 60 years || 795 BCE || Son of Hiranyakula. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly [[Huna people|Hunas]]) overran Kashmir.
|-
|-
|||'''[[Abhaya of Tambapanni|Abhaya]]'''
| Mihirakula || 70 years || 735 BCE || According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was [[Toramana]]. Kalhana mentions a king called Toramana, but places him much later, in Book 3.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} According to Kalhana, Mihirakula was a cruel ruler who ordered killings of a large number of people, including children, women and elders. He invaded the [[Sinhala Kingdom]], and replaced their king with a cruel man. As he passed through [[Chola kingdom|Chola]], [[Karnata]] and other kingdoms on his way back to Kashmir, the rulers of these kingdoms fled their capitals and returned only after he had gone away. On his return to Kashmir, he ordered killings of 100 elephants, who had been startled by the cries of a fallen elephant. Once, Mihirakula dreamt that a particular stone could be moved only by a chaste woman. He put this to test: the women who were unable to move the stone were killed, along with their husbands, sons and brothers. He was supported by some immoral Brahmins. In his old age, the king committed self-immolation.
||-
||-
||474 BC
||454 BC
||
||Son of Panduvasdeva
|-
|-
|||''[[Prince Tissa|Tissa]]''<br><small>''(regent)''</small>
| Vaka (Baka) || 63 years, 18 days || 665 BCE || A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons.
||-
|-
||-
| Kshitinanda || 30 years || 602 BCE || The only surviving child of Vaka
||454 BC
|-
||437 BC
| Vasunanda || 52 years, 2 months || 572 BCE || "Originator of the science of love"
||
|-
||Younger brother of Abhaya
| Nara II || 60 years || 520 BCE || Son of Vasunanda
|}
|-
 
| Aksha || 60 years || 460 BCE || Son of Nara II
== Kalinga Empire ==
|-
{{Main|Kalinga (historical region)}}
| Gopaditya || 60 years, 6 days || 400 BCE || Son of Aksha. Gave lands to Brahmins. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-[[Sattvic diet]]); in their place, he brought others from foreign countries.
 
|-
=== ''First'' Kalinga dynasty (c. 1700 – 700 BCE)===
| Gokarna || 57 years, 11 months || 340 BCE || Son of Gopaditya
 
|-
According to [[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]], the prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.<ref name=enHindu>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 1|year=1992|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&q=Bali%20Kalinga%20Vanga&pg=PA18|author=Gaṅgā Rām Garg|isbn=9788170223740|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:kalingas|title=Kalingas|website=www.ancientvoice.wikidot.com|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> The Mahabharata also mentions one Srutayudha as the king of the Kalinga kingdom, who joined the [[Kauravas|Kaurava]] camp.<ref name=maha>{{cite book|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Second Book Sabha Parva|publisher=Echo Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPpAfsrooXsC&q=mahabharata%20Srutayudha%20kalinga&pg=PA10|author=Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa|date=March 2008|access-date=28 October 2012|page=10|isbn=9781406870442}}</ref> In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.<ref name=hem>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Mahagovinda%20Suttanta%20kalinga&pg=PA75|access-date=25 October 2012|page=75|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref>
| Narendraditya I (Khingkhila) || 36 years, 3 months, 10 days || 282 BCE || Son of Gokarna
 
|-
*'''King Kalinga''' ''(founder of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga Kingdom]])''
| Yudhisthira I || 34 years, 5 months, 1 day || 246 BCE || Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule.
*'''King Odra''' ''(founder of [[Odra Kingdom]])''
|}
*[[Srutayudha]]
*Srutayush
*Manimat
*Chitrangada
*Subahu
*Virasena
*Sudatta
*Sattabhu
*Nalikira
*Yavanaraj
*Dantavakkha ''or'' Dantavakhra
*[[Avakinnayo Karakandu]]
*Vasupala


=== ''Second'' Kalinga dynasty (c. 700 – 550 BCE) ===
=== Kashmir Chiefs of Ujjani Kingdom (c. 246 BCE – 25 CE ) ===


This dynasty is mentioned in ''[[Chullakalinga Jataka]] and [[Kalingabodhi Jataka]]''. The first king Kalinga I is said to have broken away from the [[Danda kingdom]] along with the kings of [[Asmaka]] and [[Vidarbha]] as its feudal states.
No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} These kings ruled Kashmir for 192 years.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}}


* Dandaki
{| class="wikitable"
* Kalinga I
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
* Mahakalinga
|-
* [[Chullakalinga]]
| Pratapaditya I || 32 years || 167 BCE || Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6).
* [[Kalinga II]] (c. 7th – 6th century BCE)
|-
| [[Jalauka]] || 32 years || 135 BCE || Son of Pratapaditya
|-
| Tungjina I || 36 years || 103 BCE || Shared the administration with his queen. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. After his death, the queen committed [[sati (practice)|sati]]. The couple died childless.
|-
| Vijaya || 8 years || 67 BCE || From a different dynasty than Tungjina.
|-
| Jayendra || 37 years || 59 BCE || Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10 years. In his old age, the childless king  ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death.
|-
| Sandhimati || 47 years || 22 BCE || Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. He filled his court with [[rishi]]s (sages), and spent his time in forest retreats. Therefore, his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a descendant of Yudhishthira I. He willingly gave up the throne.
|}


=== Unknown dynasty mentioned in ''Dathavamsha'' (c. 550 – 410 BCE) ===
=== Gonanda dynasty II (c. 25 – 561 CE)===
{{main|Gonanda dynasty (II)}}


* Brahmadatta (c. 5th century BCE)
{| class="wikitable"
* Kasiraja
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
* Sunanda
|-
* Guhasiva
| [[Meghavahana]] || 34 years || 25 CE ||[[File:Coin of Meghama(...). Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.jpg|150px|right|Possible coinage of Meghavahana. '''Obverse''': ''[[Shiva]] Pashupati'' ("Lord of the Beasts"), making a mudra gesture with right hand and holding filleted trident; behind, a lioness or tiger. Trace of legend ''Meghana...'' in Brahmi. '''Reverse''': Goddess seated facing on lotus, holding lotus in both hand, [[Kidara]] monogram to left, ''Jaya'' in Brahmi to right. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.<ref name="JC">{{cite journal |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |title=Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage – A New Hoard and An Anomaly |journal=Numismatic Digest Volume 40 (2016) |date=April 2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/32663187 |language=en}}</ref>]] Meghavahana was the son of Yudhisthira I's great grandson, who had been granted asylum by Gopaditya, the king of [[Gandhara]]. Meghavahana had been selected the husband of a [[Vaishnavite]] princess at a [[Swayamvara]] in another kingdom. The ministers of Kashmir brought him to Kashmir after Sandhimati proved to be an unwilling king. Meghavahana banned animal slaughter and compensated those who earned their living through hunting. He patrnozed Brahmins, and set up a monastery. His queens built Buddhist [[vihara]]s and monasteries. He subdued kings in regions as far as [[Sinhala Kingdom]], forcing them to abandon animal slaughter.
 
|-
=== Solar dynasty of Kalinga (c. 410 – 380 BCE) ===
| Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II) || 30 years || 59 CE || Son of Meghavahana
 
|-
* Brahmaadittiya (c. 4th century BC)
| Hiranya || 30 years, 2 months || 89 CE || Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Hiranya died childless. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. This king is identified by some with [[Hephthalite Empire|Huna]] ruler [[Toramana]], although his successor [[Mihirakula]] is placed much earlier by Kalhana.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}}
 
|-
His son, Prince Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya was exiled and as per Maldivian history, established the first kingdom [[List of sultans of the Maldives#Kingdom of Dheeva Maari, Solar dynasty (Adeetta Vansa)|Dheeva Maari]] and laid the foundation of the Adeetta dynasty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohamed |first=Naseema |title=First Settlers |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_2005_num_70_1_3970 |journal=Note on the Early History of the Maldives |date=2005 |page=9 |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref>
| Matrigupta || 4 years, 9 months, 1 day || 120 CE || According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of [[Ujjayini]] defeated the [[Shakas]], and made his friend and poet Matrigupta the ruler of Kashmir. After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary [[Vikramaditya]] of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor [[Harsha]] (c. 606–47 CE).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |title=Ancient Malwa And The Vikramaditya Tradition |author=D. C. Sircar |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1969 |isbn=978-8121503488 |pages=111 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617064610/http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |archive-date=2016-06-17 }}</ref> The latter is identified with [[Shiladitya]] mentioned in [[Xuanzang]]'s account. However, according to M. A. Stein, Kalhana's Vikramaditya is another Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account: a king of Malwa around 580 CE.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=66}}
 
|-
== Gonanda Kingdom of Kashmir ==
| [[Sri Pravarasena|Pravarasena II]] || 60 years || 125 CE ||[[File:Post-Kushan Gandhara Kidara Shahis Sri Pravarasena Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.jpg|150px|right|Coinage of Pravarasena, supposed founder of Srinagar. ''Obverse:'' Standing king with two figured seated below. Name "Pravarasena". ''Reverse:'' goddess seated on a lion. Legend "Kidāra". Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.<ref name="JC"/>]] Historical evidence suggests that a king named Pravarasena ruled Kashmir in the 6th century CE.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} According to Kalhana, Pravarasena subdued many other kings, in lands as far as [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. He restored the rule of Vikramaditya's son Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), who had been expelled from Ujjain by his enemies. Pratapshila agreed to be a vassal of Pravarasena after initial resistance. He founded a city called Pravarapura, which is identified by later historians as the modern city of [[Srinagar]] on the basis topographical details.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1989 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC&pg=PA439 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=439–441 |isbn=978-81-208-0370-1}}</ref>
{{Main|Gonanda dynasty|Kashmir}}
|-
| Yudhishthira II || 39 years, 8 months || 185 CE || Son of Pravarasena
|-
| Narendraditya I (Lakshmana) || 13 years || 206 CE || Son of Yudhishthira II and Padmavati
|-
| Ranaditya I (Tungjina III) || 300 years || 219 CE ||[[File:Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.jpg|150px|right|Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.<ref name="JC"/>]] Younger brother of Narendraditya. His queen Ranarambha was an [[avatar|incarnation]] of Bhramaravasini. The [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] king Ratisena had found her among the waves, during an ocean worship ritual.
|-
| Vikramaditya || 42 years || 519 CE || Son of Ranaditya
|-
| Baladitya || 36 years, 8 months || 561 CE || Younger brother of Vikramaditya. He subdued several enemies. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama [[Kayastha]] caste.
|}


=== Gonanda dynasty I (c. 1700 – 1182 BCE)===
== Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE) ==
{{Main|Gandhara Kingdom}}


[[Kalhana]] mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali [[calendar era]]. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds between 1800 BCE – 1700 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Jogesh Chandra  |year=1879 |title=Kings of Káshmíra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8EIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR20 |publisher=Trübner & Co |pages=xix–xxiii}}</ref>
Gandhara region centered around the [[Peshawar Valley]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] river valley, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus river to the [[Taxila]] region in [[Potohar Plateau]] and westwards into the [[Kabul River|Kabul]] and [[Bamiyan]] valleys in [[Afghanistan]], and northwards up to the [[Karakoram]] range.<ref>{{cite book |last=Neelis |first=Jason |year=2010 |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB-JV2eOr2UC&pg=PA102 |publisher=BRILL |page=232 |isbn=978-90-04-18159-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Eggermont |first=Pierre Herman Leonard |year=1975 |title=Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG0_xoDS3hUC&pg=PA179 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |pages=175–177 |isbn=978-90-6186-037-2}}</ref>


*Gonanda I
;Known Gandhara rulers are-
*Damodara I
* Nagnajit
*Yashovati
* [[Shakuni]]
*Gonanda II
* [[Subala]]
*'''35 kings (names lost)'''
* Achala
*Lava
* Kalikeya
*Kusheshaya
* Suvala
*Khagendra
* Vrishaka
*Surendra
* Vrihadvala
*Godhara
* Gaya
*Suvarna
* Gavaksha
*Janaka
* Vrishava
*Shachinara
* Charmavat
*[[Ashoka (Gonandiya)]]
* Arjava
*[[Jalauka]]
* Suka
*Damodara II
* Kulinda
*Abhimanyu I
* Pushkarasakti (c. 535–518 BCE), last ruler of Gandhara kingdom probably at time of [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]]
* Kandik, (late ruler)


=== Gonanditya dynasty (c. 1182 – 246 BCE) ===
==Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200–345 BCE)==
{{main|Kuru Kingdom}}


The Gonanditya dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1979 |orig-year=First published 1900 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=1 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=133–138}}</ref>
* [[King Kuru|Kuru II]], (King of [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru dynasty]] after whom the dynasty was named ''Kuruvāmshā'' and the kingdom was renamed from [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru dynasty]] to [[Kuru Kingdom]]. He had three sons, namely Vidhuratha I who became the ruler of [[Pratisthana]], [[Vyushitaswa]] who died at a very young age, and Sudhanva, who became the ruler of [[Magadha]]. So Vidhuratha I became the king of [[Hastinapura]].)
 
* Vidhuratha I
{| class="wikitable"
* Jahnu
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
* Parikshit II
|-
* Janamejaya II
| Gonanda III || 35 years || 1182 BCE || Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. (I.191) He belonged to [[Rama]]'s lineage, and restored the Nāga rites
* Bheemasena
|-
* Prathishravas
| Vibhishana I || 53 years, 6 months || 1147 BCE ||
* [[Pratipa]]
|-
* [[Shantanu]], ([[Bhishma]] was the youngest son of [[Shantanu]] and [[Ganga]]. [[Chitrāngada]] and [[Vichitravirya]] were the sons of Shantanu and [[Satyavati]].)
| Indrajit || 35 years || 1094 BCE ||
* [[Vichitravirya]], ([[Dhritarashtra]], [[Pandu]] and [[Vidura]] were the sons of Vichitravirya)
|-
* [[Pandu]]
| Ravana || 30 years, 6 months || – || A [[Shivalinga]] attributed to Ravana could still be seen at the time of Kalhana.
* [[Dhritarashtra]], (The [[Pandava]] were the five sons of [[Pandu]] and [[Kunti]] whereas the [[Kaurava]] were the hundred sons of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]].)
|-
* [[Yudhishthira]], (Yaudheya was the son of [[Yudhishthira]] and Devika. [[Ghatotkacha]] was the son of [[Bhima]] and [[Hidimbi]], [[Abhimanyu]] was the son of [[Arjuna]] and [[Subhadra]]. Babruvahana was the son of Arjuna and [[Chitrāngadā]]. Iravan was the son of Arjuna and Ulupi. [[Niramitra]] was the son of [[Nakula]] and Karenumati. [[Suhotra]] was the son of [[Sahadeva]] and Queen Vijaya. [[Upapandava]] were the 5 sons of Pandava and [[Draupadi]])
| Vibhishana II || 35 years, 6 months || 1058 BCE ||
* [[Parikshit]], (was the son of [[Abhimanyu]].)
|-
* [[Janamejaya]]
| Nara I (Kinnara) || 40 years, 9 months || 1023 BCE || His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. He tried to abduct a Nāga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Because of this, the Nāga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire.
* Satanika
|-
* Ashwamedhatta
| Siddha || 60 years || 983 BCE || Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nāga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle.
* Dwiteeyram
|-
* Chatramal
| Utpalaksha || 30 years, 6 months || 923 BCE || Son of Siddha
* Chitrarath
|-
* Dushtshailya
| Hiranyaksha || 37 years, 7 months || 893 BCE || Son of Utpalaksha
* Ugrasena
|-
* Shoorsen
| Hiranyakula || 60 years || 855 BCE || Son of Hiranyaksha
* Bhuvanpati
|-
* Ranjeet
| Vasukula (Mukula) || 60 years || 795 BCE || Son of Hiranyakula. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly [[Huna people|Hunas]]) overran Kashmir.
* Rikchak
|-
* Sukdeva
| Mihirakula || 70 years || 735 BCE || According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was [[Toramana]]. Kalhana mentions a king called Toramana, but places him much later, in Book 3.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} According to Kalhana, Mihirakula was a cruel ruler who ordered killings of a large number of people, including children, women and elders. He invaded the [[Sinhala Kingdom]], and replaced their king with a cruel man. As he passed through [[Chola kingdom|Chola]], [[Karnata]] and other kingdoms on his way back to Kashmir, the rulers of these kingdoms fled their capitals and returned only after he had gone away. On his return to Kashmir, he ordered killings of 100 elephants, who had been startled by the cries of a fallen elephant. Once, Mihirakula dreamt that a particular stone could be moved only by a chaste woman. He put this to test: the women who were unable to move the stone were killed, along with their husbands, sons and brothers. He was supported by some immoral Brahmins. In his old age, the king committed self-immolation.
* Narharidev
|-
* Suchirath
| Vaka (Baka) || 63 years, 18 days || 665 BCE || A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons.
* Shoorsen II
|-
* Parvatsen
| Kshitinanda || 30 years || 602 BCE || The only surviving child of Vaka
* Mehavi
|-
* Soncheer
| Vasunanda || 52 years, 2 months || 572 BCE || "Originator of the science of love"
* Bheemdev
|-
* Nriharidev
| Nara II || 60 years || 520 BCE || Son of Vasunanda
* Pooranmal
|-
* Kardavi
| Aksha || 60 years || 460 BCE || Son of Nara II
* Alammik
|-
* Udaipal
| Gopaditya || 60 years, 6 days || 400 BCE || Son of Aksha. Gave lands to Brahmins. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-[[Sattvic diet]]); in their place, he brought others from foreign countries.
* Duvanmal
|-
* Damat
| Gokarna || 57 years, 11 months || 340 BCE || Son of Gopaditya
* Bheempal
|-
* Kshemaka, (He was the last [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] King dethroned by [[Mahapadma Nanda]] of [[Nanda Empire]] in 345 BCE.)<ref>{{cite book |editor=B. Kölver |year=1997 |title=Recht, Staat und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien |trans-title=Law, State and Administration in Classical India |language=de |place=München |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |pages=27–52}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Samuel |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Samuel |year=2010 |title=The Origins of Yoga and Tantra |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
| Narendraditya I (Khingkhila) || 36 years, 3 months, 10 days || 282 BCE ||  Son of Gokarna
 
|-
== Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE) ==
| Yudhisthira I || 34 years, 5 months, 1 day || 246 BCE || Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule.
{{main|Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata)}}
|}
 
Ajamida II had a son named Rishin. Rishin had two sons namely Samvarana II, whose son was [[King Kuru|Kuru]] and Brihadvasu whose descendants were Panchalas.<ref name=Malik>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Dr Malti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |title=History of India |date=2016 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-7335-498-4 |pages=51–54 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Kisari Mohan Ganguli, ''The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose'', 1883-1896, Bk. 1, Ch. 3.</ref><ref>Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 85</ref>
 
;List of Panchala Kingdom rulers are-


=== Kashmir Chiefs of Ujjani Kingdom (c. 246 BCE – 25 CE ) ===
* Rishin
* Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
* Brihatkaya
* Puranjaya
* Riksha
* Bramhyaswa
* Aramyaswa
* Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of [[Kampilya]] capital of [[Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Panchala Kingdom]])
* Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
* Dritimana
* Drdhanemi
* Sarvasena, (founder of [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Ujjain Kingdom]])
* Mitra
* Rukmaratha
* Suparswa
* Sumathi
* Sannatimana
* Krta
* Pijavana
* Somadutta
* Jantuvahana
* Badhrayaswa
* Brihadhishu
* Brihadhanu
* Brihadkarma
* Jayaratha
* Visvajit
* Seinyajit
* Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
* Samara
* Sadashva
* Ruchiraswa
* Pruthusena
* Prapti
* Prthaswa
* Sukrthi
* Vibhiraja
* Anuha
* Bramhadatta II
* Vishwaksena
* Dandasena
* Durmukha
* Durbuddhi
* Dharbhya
* Divodasa
* Sivana I
* Mitrayu
* Maitrayana
* Soma
* Sivana II
* Sadasana
* Sahadeva
* Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
* [[Prishati]], (son of Somaka)
* [[Drupada]], (son of Prishata)
* [[Dhrishtadyumna]], (was the son of Drupada, [[Draupadi]] and [[Shikhandi]] were the daughters of Drupada)
* [[Keśin Dālbhya]]
* [[Pravahana Jaivali]]
* [[Achyuta of Panchala|Achyuta]], (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in  c. 350 CE by [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] ruler [[Samudragupta]].)


No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} These kings ruled Kashmir for 192 years.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}}
== Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE) ==
{{main|Anga}}


{| class="wikitable"
;Known Anga rulers are-
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
|-
| Pratapaditya I || 32 years || 167 BCE || Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6).
|-
| [[Jalauka]] || 32 years || 135 BCE || Son of Pratapaditya
|-
| Tungjina I || 36 years || 103 BCE || Shared the administration with his queen. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. After his death, the queen committed [[sati (practice)|sati]]. The couple died childless.
|-
| Vijaya || 8 years || 67 BCE || From a different dynasty than Tungjina.
|-
| Jayendra || 37 years || 59 BCE || Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10 years. In his old age, the childless king  ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death.
|-
| Sandhimati || 47 years || 22 BCE || Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. He filled his court with [[rishi]]s (sages), and spent his time in forest retreats. Therefore, his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a descendant of Yudhishthira I. He willingly gave up the throne.
|}


=== Gonanda dynasty II (c. 25 – 561 CE)===
* Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]])
{{main|Gonanda dynasty (II)}}
* [[King Romapada|Romapada]]
* [[Brihadratha]]
* [[Karna|Angaraj Karna]]
* [[Vrishaketu]] - (son of Karna)
* Tamralipta
* Lomapada
* Chitraratha
* Vrihadratha
* Vasuhoma
* Dhatarattha
* Dhadivahana
* [[Brahmadatta of Anga|Brahmadatta]] - (last king of Anga kingdom)


{| class="wikitable"
== Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE) ==
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
{{main|Kambojas}}
|-
| [[Meghavahana]] || 34 years || 25 CE ||[[File:Coin of Meghama(...). Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.jpg|150px|right|Possible coinage of Meghavahana. '''Obverse''': ''[[Shiva]] Pashupati'' ("Lord of the Beasts"), making a mudra gesture with right hand and holding filleted trident; behind, a lioness or tiger. Trace of legend ''Meghana...'' in Brahmi. '''Reverse''': Goddess seated facing on lotus, holding lotus in both hand, [[Kidara]] monogram to left, ''Jaya'' in Brahmi to right. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.<ref name="JC">{{cite journal |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |title=Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage – A New Hoard and An Anomaly |journal=Numismatic Digest Volume 40 (2016) |url=https://www.academia.edu/32663187 |language=en}}</ref>]] Meghavahana was the son of Yudhisthira I's great grandson, who had been granted asylum by Gopaditya, the king of [[Gandhara]]. Meghavahana had been selected the husband of a [[Vaishnavite]] princess at a [[Swayamvara]] in another kingdom. The ministers of Kashmir brought him to Kashmir after Sandhimati proved to be an unwilling king. Meghavahana banned animal slaughter and compensated those who earned their living through hunting. He patrnozed Brahmins, and set up a monastery. His queens built Buddhist [[vihara]]s and monasteries. He subdued kings in regions as far as [[Sinhala Kingdom]], forcing them to abandon animal slaughter.
|-
| Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II) || 30 years || 59 CE || Son of Meghavahana
|-
| Hiranya || 30 years, 2 months || 89 CE || Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Hiranya died childless. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. This king is identified by some with [[Hephthalite Empire|Huna]] ruler [[Toramana]], although his successor [[Mihirakula]] is placed much earlier by Kalhana.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}}
|-
| Matrigupta || 4 years, 9 months, 1 day || 120 CE || According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of [[Ujjayini]] defeated the [[Shakas]], and made his friend and poet Matrigupta the ruler of Kashmir. After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary [[Vikramaditya]] of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor [[Harsha]] (c. 606–47 CE).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |title=Ancient Malwa And The Vikramaditya Tradition |author=D. C. Sircar |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1969 |isbn=978-8121503488 |pages=111 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617064610/http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |archive-date=2016-06-17 }}</ref> The latter is identified with [[Shiladitya]] mentioned in [[Xuanzang]]'s account. However, according to M. A. Stein, Kalhana's Vikramaditya is another Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account: a king of Malwa around 580 CE.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=66}}
|-
| [[Sri Pravarasena|Pravarasena II]] || 60 years || 125 CE ||[[File:Post-Kushan Gandhara Kidara Shahis Sri Pravarasena Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.jpg|150px|right|Coinage of Pravarasena, supposed founder of Srinagar. ''Obverse:'' Standing king with two figured seated below. Name "Pravarasena". ''Reverse:'' goddess seated on a lion. Legend "Kidāra". Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.<ref name="JC"/>]] Historical evidence suggests that a king named Pravarasena ruled Kashmir in the 6th century CE.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} According to Kalhana, Pravarasena subdued many other kings, in lands as far as [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. He restored the rule of Vikramaditya's son Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), who had been expelled from Ujjain by his enemies. Pratapshila agreed to be a vassal of Pravarasena after initial resistance. He founded a city called Pravarapura, which is identified by later historians as the modern city of [[Srinagar]] on the basis topographical details.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1989 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC&pg=PA439 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=439–441 |isbn=978-81-208-0370-1}}</ref>
|-
| Yudhishthira II || 39 years, 8 months || 185 CE || Son of Pravarasena
|-
| Narendraditya I (Lakshmana) || 13 years || 206 CE || Son of Yudhishthira II and Padmavati
|-
| Ranaditya I (Tungjina III) || 300 years || 219 CE ||[[File:Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.jpg|150px|right|Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.<ref name="JC"/>]] Younger brother of Narendraditya. His queen Ranarambha was an [[avatar|incarnation]] of Bhramaravasini. The [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] king Ratisena had found her among the waves, during an ocean worship ritual.
|-
| Vikramaditya || 42 years || 519 CE || Son of Ranaditya
|-
| Baladitya || 36 years, 8 months || 561 CE || Younger brother of Vikramaditya. He subdued several enemies. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama [[Kayastha]] caste.
|}


==Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500–535 BCE)==
;Known Kamboja rulers are-
{{Main|Gandhara Kingdom}}
* [[Kamatha]]
* [[Chandravarma Kamboja]]
* [[Kamatha Kamboja]]
* [[Prapaksha Kamboja]]
* [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]
* [[Srindra Varmana Kamboj]]
* [[Chitrangada Kamboja]]
* [[Chandranandan Kamboja]]


Gandhara region centered around the [[Peshawar Valley]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] river valley, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus river to the [[Taxila]] region in [[Potohar Plateau]] and westwards into the [[Kabul River|Kabul]] and [[Bamiyan]] valleys in [[Afghanistan]], and northwards up to the [[Karakoram]] range.<ref>{{cite book |last=Neelis |first=Jason |year=2010 |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB-JV2eOr2UC&pg=PA102 |publisher=BRILL |page=232 |isbn=978-90-04-18159-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Eggermont |first=Pierre Herman Leonard |year=1975 |title=Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG0_xoDS3hUC&pg=PA179 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |pages=175–177 |isbn=978-90-6186-037-2}}</ref>
== Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1650 CE) ==
{{main|Pandya dynasty}}


''Known Gandhara rulers are-''
===Early Pandyans===
{{main|Early Pandyan Kingdom}}


*[[Subala]]
* [[Koon Pandiyan]]
*Achala
''(Earliest Known Pandyan king)''
*Kalikeya
* [[Nedunjeliyan I|Nedunj Cheliyan I]]
*Suvala
''(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)''
*[[Shakuni]]
(he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi (Tamil mythology)|Kannagi]])
*Vrishaka
* Pudappandiyan
*Vrihadvala
* Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
*Gaya
* [[Nedunjeliyan II|Nedunj Cheliyan II]]
*Gavaksha
''(Pasumpun Pandiyan)''
*Vrishava
* Nan Maran
*Charmavat
* Nedunj Cheliyan III
*Arjava
''(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)''
*Suka
* Maran Valudi
*Kulinda
* Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
*Nagnajit
* Ukkirap Peruvaluthi


==Kuru Kingdom (c. 1400–345 BCE)==
===Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)===
{{main|Kuru Kingdom}}


===Rulers from (c. 1400–1200 BCE)===
* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
 
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (c. 620–645 CE)
* [[King Kuru|Kuru II]] (King of [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru dynasty]] after whom the dynasty was named ''Kuruvansha'' and the kingdom was renamed from [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru dynasty]] to [[Kuru Kingdom]]. He had three sons, namely Vidhuratha I who became the ruler of [[Pratisthana]], [[Vyushitaswa]] who died at a very young age, and Sudhanva, who became the ruler of [[Magadha]]. So Vidhuratha I became the king of [[Hastinapura]].)
* [[Jayantavarman]] (c. 645–670 CE)
* Vidhuratha I
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (c. 670–710 CE)
* Jahnu
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710–735 CE)
* Suratha
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765)
* Vidhuratha II
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
* Sarvabhauma II
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
* Jayasena
* Varagunan I (800–830)
* Radhika
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862)
* Ayutayu
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880)
* Akrodhana II
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
* Devaththi II
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920)
* Riksha III
* Dilipa
* Anaswan II
* Parikshit II
* Janamejaya III
* Bheemasena
* Prathishravas
* [[Pratipa]]
* [[Shantanu]]
([[Bhishma]] was the youngest son of [[Shantanu]] and [[Ganga]]. [[Chitrāngada]] and [[Vichitravirya]] were the sons of Shantanu and [[Satyavati]].)
* [[Vichitravirya]]
([[Dhritarashtra|Dhritarashtra II]], [[Pandu]] and [[Vidura]] were the sons of Vichitravirya)
* [[Pandu]]
* [[Dhritarashtra|Dhritarashtra II]]
(The [[Pandava]] were the five sons of Pandu and the [[Kaurava]] were the 100 sons of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]].)


===Rulers from (c. 1200–345 BCE)===
===Pandyans under ''Chola empire'' (c. 920–1216 CE)===


* [[Yudhishthira]]
*Sundara Pandyan I
(Yaudheya was the son of [[Yudhishthira]] and Devika. [[Ghatotkacha]] was the son of [[Bhima]] and [[Hidimbi]], [[Abhimanyu]] was the son of [[Arjuna]] and [[Subhadra]]. Babruvahana was the son of Arjuna and [[Chitrāngadā]]. Iravan was the son of Arjuna and Ulupi. [[Niramitra]] was the son of [[Nakula]] and Karenumati. [[Suhotra]] was the son of [[Sahadeva]] and Queen Vijaya. [[Upapandava]] were the 5 sons of Pandava and [[Draupadi]])
*Vira Pandyan I
* [[Parikshit|Parikshit III]] (was the son of [[Abhimanyu]].)
*Vira Pandyan II
*[[Janamejaya III]]
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
* Satanika
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
* Ashwamedhatta
*Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
* Dwiteeyram
*Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
* Chatramal
*Jatavarman Chola Pandya
* Chitrarath
*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
* Dushtshailya
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
* Ugrasena
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162)
* Shoorsen
*Kulasekara Pandyan III
* Bhuvanpati
*Vira Pandyan III
* Ranjeet
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
* Rikchak
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216)
* Sukdeva
* Narharidev
* Suchirath
* Shoorsen II
* Parvatsen
* Mehavi
* Soncheer
* Bheemdev
* Nriharidev
* Pooranmal
* Kardavi
* Alammik
* Udaipal
* Duvanmal
* Damat
* Bheempal
* Chemak (He was the last [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] King dethroned by [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 345 BCE.)<ref>{{cite book |editor=B. Kölver |year=1997 |title=Recht, Staat und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien |trans-title=Law, State and Administration in Classical India |language=de |place=München |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |pages=27–52}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Samuel |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Samuel |year=2010 |title=The Origins of Yoga and Tantra |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>


==Satavahana dynasty (c. 230 BCE – 220 CE) ==
===''Pandalam'' (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)===
{{main|Satavahana dynasty}}
The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 230 BCE to 220 CE.<ref name="US_2008">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA381 |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India |author=Upinder Singh |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=9788131711200 |pages=381–384 }}</ref> Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.<ref name="CH_2009">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA299 |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations |author=Charles Higham |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9781438109961 |page=299 }}</ref> It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see [[Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers]]):


* [[Simuka|Simuka Satavahana]] (c. 230–207 BCE)
*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215)  
* [[Kanha (Satavahana dynasty)|Kanha Satavahana]] (c. 207–189 BCE)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238)
* [[Satakarni I|Malia Satakarni]] (c. 189–179 BCE)
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240)
* Purnothsanga (c. 179–161 BCE)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251)
* Shathakarni (c. 179–133 BCE)
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268)
* Lambodara Satavahana (c. 87–67 BCE)
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308)
* [[Hāla]] (c. 20–24 CE)
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
* Mandalaka (c. 24–30 CE)
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
* Purindrasena (c. 30–35 CE)
* Sundara Satakarni (c. 35–36 CE)
* Cakora Satakarni (c. 36 CE)
* Mahendra Satkarni (c. 36–65 CE)
* [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] (c. 106–130 CE)
* [[Vashishtiputra Pulumayi]] (c. 130–158 CE)
* [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]] (c. 158–170 CE)
* [[Sri Yajna Satakarni]] (c. 170–220 CE)


==Mahameghavahana dynasty (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)==
===Tenkasi Pandyans (c. 1422–1650 CE)===
{{Main|Mahameghavahana dynasty}}


Mahamegha Vahana was the founder of the Kalingan [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi or Cheti Dynasty]].<ref name=gene>{{cite book|last=Reddy|year=2005|title=General Studies History 4 Upsc|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&q=Kharavela%20and%20Mahameghavahana&pg=SL1-PA55|access-date=25 October 2012|page=A-55|isbn=9780070604476}}</ref><ref name=mani>{{cite book|last=Mani|first=Chandra Mauli|title=A Journey Through India's Past|year=2005|publisher=Northern Book Centre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSoE8qR-5BgC&q=Chedi%20dynasty&pg=PA51|access-date=25 October 2012|page=51|isbn=9788172111946}}</ref> The names of Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja also appear in context.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985|title=Ancient India, History of Ancient India for 1000 years in four volumes. [From 900 B.C. to 100 A.D.]. Volume IV.|publisher=Shashikant & Co.|year=1941|location=Baroda|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985/page/n149 103]}}</ref> But, [[Kharavela]] is the most well known among them. The exact relation between Mahamegha Vahana and Kharavela is not known.<ref name="gene"/>
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] because of the Islamic and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] invasion, and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.


*Maharaja Vasu
* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan
*King Mahamegha Vahana
(1422–1463)
*Sobhanaraja
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan
*Chandraja
(1429–1473)
*Ksemaraja
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] (1473–1506)
*Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
* Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
*[[Kharavela]] (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan
*[[Kudepasiri]] Vakradeva ll
(1534–1543)
*Vaduka
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan
*Galaveya
(1543–1552)
* Mana-Sada
* Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
* Siri-Sada
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan
* Maha-Sada
(1564–1604)
* Sivamaka-Sada
* Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
* Asaka-Sada<ref>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Cheti%20Dynasty&pg=PA348|access-date=25 October 2012|page=348|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref><ref name=jaina>{{cite book|title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fETebHcHKogC&q=Mahishaka%20%20Guntupalli%20inscription&pg=PA31|author=R. T. Vyas|author2=Umakant Premanand Shah|isbn=9788170173168|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
* Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
* Kollankondan (1618–1650)


==Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200 BCE –1950 CE)==
==Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE)==
{{Main|History of Manipur|List of Manipuri kings}}
{{Main|Chera dynasty}}


The Meitei people are made up of seven major clans, known as '''Salai Taret'''
===Ancient Chera (c. 600 BCE–400 CE)===
The clans include–
#[[Mangang]]
#[[Khuman Salai]]
#[[Luwang]]
#[[Angom]]
#[[Moilang]]
#[[Khaba Nganba]]
#[[Salai Leishangthem]]


===Ancient dynasty of Kangleipak (c. 200 BCE −33 CE)===
*Vanavan or Vanavaramban (425–350 BCE)
*Kuttuvan Uthiyan Cheralathan (350–328 BCE)
*Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan (328–270 BCE)
*Palyaanai Chelkezhu Kuttuvan (270–245 BCE)
*Kalangaikanni narmudicheral (245–220 BCE)
*Perumcheralathan (220–200 BCE)
*Kudakko Neduncheralathan (200–180 BCE)
*Kadal Pirakottiya Velkezhu kuttuvan (180–125 BCE)
*Adukotpattuch Cheralathan (125–87 BCE)
*Selvak kadungo Vazhiyathan (87–62 BCE)
*Yanaikatchei Mantharanj Cheral Irumborai (62–42 BCE)
*Thagadoor Erintha Perum Cheral Irumborai (42–25 BCE), (unification of Upper and lower [[Kongu Nadu]]).
*Ilancheral Irumborai (25–19 BCE)
*Karuvur Eriya Koperumcheral Irumborai (19–1 BCE)
*Vanji Mutrathu tunjiya Anthuvancheral (1 BCE–10 CE)
*Kanaikal Irumborai (20–30 CE)
*Palai Padiya Perum kadngko (1–30 CE)
*Kokothai Marban (30–61 CE)
*Cheran Chenguttuvan (61–140 CE)
*Kottambalathu tunjiya Maakothai (140–150 CE)
*Cheraman mudangi kidantha Nedumcheralathan (150–160 CE)
*Cheraman Kanaikkal Irumborai (160–180 CE)
*Cheraman Ilamkuttuvan (180–200 CE)
*Thambi Kuttuvan (200–220 CE)
*Poorikko (220–250 CE)
*Cheraman Kuttuvan Kothai (250–270 CE)
*Cheraman Vanjan (270–300 CE)
*Mantharanj Cheral (330–380 CE), found in [[Allahabad Pillar]] of [[Samudragupta]].


====Khapa-Nganpa Salai====
===Kongu Cheras (''Karur'') (c. 400–844 CE)===
{{Main|Karur}}
* Ravi Kotha
* Kantan Ravi
* Vira Kotha
* Vira Narayana
* Vira Chola
* Vira Kerala
* Amara Bhujanga Deva
* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva


*Taang-chaa Leela Pakhangpa (200 BCE)
===Kodungallur Cheras (c. 844–1122 CE)===
*Kangba
(''The Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas'')
*Maliya Fampalcha (150 BCE)
*Kaksu Tonkonpa
*Koilou Nongtailen Pakhangpa
*Samlungpha (44–34 BCE)
*Chingkhong Poireiton (34–18 BCE )
*Singtabung (18–8 BCE)
*Paangminnaba (8–1 BCE)


====Luwang Salai====
* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)
** [[Kulasekhara Alvar]]/Kulasekhara Varma
*[[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Rama Rajasekhara]] (870–883 CE)
** [[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]]
*Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
* Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
*[[Goda Ravi|Kotha Ravi]] (905–943 CE)
* Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
* Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
* Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
* Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
* Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)


*Luwang Khunthipa (1–5 CE)
===Venadu Cheras (''Kulasekhara'') (c. 1090–1530 CE)===
*Luwang Punshipa (5–33 CE)
{{Main|Kulasekhara}}


===Ningthouja or Mangang dynasty (c. 33–1074 CE)===
*[[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1090–1102)
{{Main|Ningthouja dynasty}}
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
 
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
*Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa (33–154 CE)
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
*Khuiyoi Tompok (154–264 CE)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
*Taothingmang (264–364 CE)
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
*Khui Ningonba (364–379 CE)
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
*Pengsipa (379–394 CE)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
*Kaokhangpa (394–411 CE)
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
*Naokhampa (411–428 CE)
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
*Naophangpa (428–518 CE)
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
*Sameilang (518–568 CE)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
*Urakonthoupa (568–658 CE)
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
*Naothingkhon (663–763 CE)
* Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
*Khongtekcha (763–773 CE)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
*Keilencha (784–799 CE)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
*Yalaba (799–821 CE)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
*Ayangpa (821–910 CE)
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
*Ningthoucheng (910–949 CE)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
*Chenglei-Ipan-Lanthapa (949–969 CE)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
*Keiphaba Yanglon (969–984 CE)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
*Irengba (984–1074 CE)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503)
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)
 
==Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1280 CE)==
{{Main|Chola dynasty}}


===Kangleipak dynasty (c. 1074–1819 CE)===
===Ancient Cholas (c. 600 BCE - 300 CE)===
{{Main|Kangleipak State}}


# [[Loiyumba|Loiyumpa]] (1074–1112)
*Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
# [[Loitongpa]] (1112–1150)
*Maandhuvaazhi
# [[Atom Yoilempa]] (1150–1163)
*El Mei Nannan
# [[Iyanthapa ]](1163–1195)
*Keezhai Kinjuvan
# [[Thayanthapa]] (1195–1231)
*Vazhisai Nannan
# [[Chingthang Lanthapa]] (1231–1242)
*Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
# [[Thingpai Shelhongpa]] (1242–1247)
*Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
# [[Pulanthapa]] (1247–1263)
*Thizhagan Maandhi
# [[Khumompa]] (1263–1278)
*Maandhi Vaelan
# [[Moilampa]] (1278–1302)
*Aai Adumban
# [[Thangpi Lanthapa]] (1302–1324)
* [[Ilamcetcenni]]
# [[Kongyampa]] (1324–1335)
* [[Karikala Chola]]
# [[Telheipa]] (1335–1355)
* [[Nedunkilli]]
# [[Tonapa]] (1355–1359)
* [[Nalankilli]]
# [[Tapungpa]] (1359–1394)
* [[Killivalavan]]
# [[Lailenpa]] (1394–1399)
* [[Perunarkilli]]
# [[Punsipa]] (1404–1432)
* [[Kocengannan]]
# [[Ningthoukhompa]] (1432–1467)
# [[Senpi Kiyampa]] (1467–1508)
# [[Koilempa]] (1508–1512)
# [[Lamkhyampa]] (1512–1523)
# [[Nonginphapa]] (1523–1524)
# [[Kapompa]] (1524–1542)
# [[Tangchampa]] (1542–1545)
# [[Chalampa]] (1545–1562)
# [[Mungyampa]] (1562–1597)
# [[Khagemba|Khaki Ngampa]](1597–1652)
# [[Khunchaopa]] (1652–1666)
# [[Paikhompa]] (1666–1697)
# [[Pitambar Charairongba|Charairongba]] (1697–1709)
# [[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)|Gharib Nawaz]] (Ningthem Pamheipa) (1709–1754), (adoption of the name '''Manipur''')
# [[Chitsai|Chit Sain]] (1754–1756)
# [[Gaurisiam]] (1756–1763)
# [[Ching-Thang Khomba]] (Bhagya Chandra) (1764–1798)
# [[Rohinchandra]] (Harshachandra Singh) (1798–1801)
# [[Maduchandra Singh]] (1801–1806)
# [[Charajit Singh]] (1806–1812)
# [[Marjit Singh]] (1812–1819)
''(Came to power with Burmese support)''.


===Burmese rule (c. 1819–1825 CE)===
===Imperial Cholas Empire (c. 848–1280 CE)===


===Princely State (c. 1825–1947 CE)===
* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] (848–881)
* [[Aditya]] (871–907)
* [[Parantaka I]] (907–955)
* [[Gandaraditya]] (950–957)
* [[Arinjaya]] (956–957)
* [[Parantaka Chola II]] (957–970)
* [[Uttama Chola]] (973–985)
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014)
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1014–1018)
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola I]] (1018–1054)
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] (1054–1063)
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–1070)
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] (1067–1070)
*[[Kulottunga Chola I]] (1071–1122)
* [[Vikkrama Chola]] (1118–1135)
* [[Kulottunga Chola II]] (1133–1150)
* [[Rajaraja Chola II]] (1146–1163)
* [[Rajadiraja Chola II]] (1163–1178)
* [[Kulottunga Chola III]] (1178–1218)
* [[Rajaraja Chola III]] (1216–1246)
* [[Rajendra Chola III]] (1246–1279), last of the Cholas)


* [[Gambhir Singh]] (1825–1834)
==Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543–437 BCE)==
(''Restored after the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]]'')
{{Main|Kingdom of Tambapanni}}
*''Regency'' for Chandrakirti Singh (1834–1850)
* [[Nara Singh]] (1844–1850)
* [[Debendro Singh]] (1850)
* [[Chandrakirti Singh]] (1850–1886)
* [[Surchandra Singh]] (1886–1890)
* Kulachandra Singh (1890–1891)
* [[Churachand Singh]] (1891–1941)
* [[Bodhchandra Singh]] (1941–1947)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Biography_of_His_Highness_Maharaja_Bodhachandra_Last_King_of_Manipur_Part_1|title=Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 1|website=e-pao.net|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Biography_of_His_Highness_Maharaja_Bodhachandra_Last_King_of_Manipur_Part_2|title=Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 2|website=e-pao.net|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref>


==Foreign (Assimilated) Kingdoms in Indian Subcontinent==
===House of Vijaya===
{{Main|House of Vijaya}}


These empires were vast, centered in [[Iran|Persia]] or the Mediterranean; their [[satrap]]ies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.
{|style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
* The boundaries of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] reached the Indus River.
! width=9%  | Portrait
* [[Alexander the Great]] (326–323 BCE) of the [[Argead dynasty]] who fought [[King Porus|Porus]] in the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]].
! width=20% | Name
* [[Seleucus Nicator|Seleucus I Nicator]] (323–321 BCE), [[diadochi|diadochos]] was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in 305 BCE.
! width=9%  | Birth
* The [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] [[Euthydemus I|Euthydemid Dynasty]] also reached the north-western frontiers of India (c. 221–85 BCE).
! width=9%  | Death
 
! width=9%  | King From
===Indo-Scythian – ''Saka'' ( c. 12 BCE–395 CE)===
! width=9%  | King Until
{{Main|Indo-Scythian}}
! width=9%  | Marriages
 
! width=26% | Claim
==== Aprācas (c. 12 BCE −45 CE )====
|-
{{Main|Apraca}}
|[[File:The Consecration Of King Sinhala-Prince Vijaya (Detail From The Ajanta Mural Of Cave No 17).jpg|100px|Vijaya]]
 
||'''[[Prince Vijaya|Vijaya]]'''
* [[Vijayamitra]]
||?<br />[[Sinhapura]]<br />son of [[Sinhabahu]], and [[Sinhasivali]]
(12 BCE −15 CE)
||505 BC<br />[[Tambapanni]]
* [[Indravasu]]
||543 BC
(c. 20 CE)
||505 BC
* [[Vispavarman]]
||[[Kuveni]]<br />two children [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandu Princess]]
* [[Indravarman]]
||Founded [[Sinhala Kingdom|Kingdom]]<br />Marriage to [[Kuveni]]
* [[Aspavarman|Aspa]] (c. 5–45 CE)  or [[Aspavarma]] (c. 15 – 45 CE)
|-
* [[Sasan (Apraca)|Sasan]] (c. 45 CE)
|||''[[Upatissa (regent)|Upatissa]]''<br /><small>''(regent)''</small>
 
||-
====Northwestern Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE–10 CE)====
||-
 
||505 BC
* [[Maues]] (c. 85–60 BCE)
||504 BC
* [[Vonones of Indo-Scythia|Vonones]] (c. 75–65 BCE)
||
* [[Spalahores]] (c. 75–65 BCE)
||Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
* Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
|-
* [[Azes I]] (c. 57–35 BCE)
|||'''[[Panduvasdeva of Tambapanni|Panduvasdeva]]'''
* [[Azilises]] (c. 57–35 BCE)
||-
* [[Azes II]] (c. 35–12 BCE)
||-
* [[Zeionises]] (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
||504 BC
* [[Kharahostes]] (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
||474 BC
* Hajatria
||
* Liaka Kusuluka, [[satrap]] of Chuksa
||Nephew of Vijaya
* [[Kusulaka Patika]], satrap of Chuksa
|-
 
|||'''[[Abhaya of Tambapanni|Abhaya]]'''
==== Pāratas (c. 125–300 CE) ====
||-
{{Main|Paratarajas}}
||-
 
||474 BC
* Yolamira (c. 125–150)
||454 BC
* Bagamira (c. 150)
||
* Arjuna (c. 150–160)
||Son of Panduvasdeva
* Hvaramira (c. 160–175)
|-
* Mirahvara (c. 175–185)
|||''[[Prince Tissa|Tissa]]''<br /><small>''(regent)''</small>
* Miratakhma (c. 185–200)
||-
* Kozana (c. 200–220)
||-
* Bhimarjuna (c. 220–235)
||454 BC
* Koziya (c. 235–265)
||437 BC
* Datarvharna (c. 265–280)
||
* Datayola II (c. 280–300)
||Younger brother of Abhaya
|}


==== Northern Satraps (''Mathura area'') (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE) ====
==Satavahana dynasty (c. 230 BCE–220 CE) ==
{{main|Northern Satraps}}
{{main|Satavahana dynasty}}


* Hagamasha (satrap)
The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 230 BCE to 220 CE.<ref name="US_2008">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA381 |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India |author=Upinder Singh |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=9788131711200 |pages=381–384 }}</ref> Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.<ref name="CH_2009">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA299 |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations |author=Charles Higham |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9781438109961 |page=299 }}</ref> It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see [[Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers]]):
* Hagana (satrap)
* [[Rajuvula]] (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
* [[Sodasa]]


==== Minor local rulers ====
* [[Simuka|Simuka Satavahana]] (c. 230–207 BCE)
* [[Bhadayasa]]
* [[Kanha (Satavahana dynasty)|Kanha Satavahana]] (c. 207–189 BCE)
* Mamvadi
* [[Satakarni I|Malia Satakarni]] (c. 189–179 BCE)
* Arsakes (Indo-Scythian)
* Purnothsanga (c. 179–161 BCE)
* Shathakarni (c. 179–133 BCE)
* Lambodara Satavahana (c. 87–67 BCE)
* [[Hāla]] (c. 20–24 CE)
* Mandalaka (c. 24–30 CE)
* Purindrasena (c. 30–35 CE)
* Sundara Satakarni (c. 35–36 CE)
* Cakora Satakarni (c. 36 CE)
* Mahendra Satkarni (c. 36–65 CE)
* [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] (c. 106–130 CE)
* [[Vashishtiputra Pulumayi]] (c. 130–158 CE)
* [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]] (c. 158–170 CE)
* [[Sri Yajna Satakarni]] (c. 170–220 CE)
 
==Mahameghavahana dynasty (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)==
{{Main|Mahameghavahana dynasty}}


==== Western Satraps (''Western Saka'') (c. 119–395 CE) ====
Mahamegha Vahana was the founder of the Kalingan [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi or Cheti Dynasty]].<ref name=gene>{{cite book|last=Reddy|year=2005|title=General Studies History 4 Upsc|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&q=Kharavela%20and%20Mahameghavahana&pg=SL1-PA55|access-date=25 October 2012|page=A-55|isbn=9780070604476}}</ref><ref name=mani>{{cite book|last=Mani|first=Chandra Mauli|title=A Journey Through India's Past|year=2005|publisher=Northern Book Centre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSoE8qR-5BgC&q=Chedi%20dynasty&pg=PA51|access-date=25 October 2012|page=51|isbn=9788172111946}}</ref> The names of Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja also appear in context.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985|title=Ancient India, History of Ancient India for 1000 years in four volumes. [From 900 B.C. to 100 A.D.]. Volume IV.|publisher=Shashikant & Co.|year=1941|location=Baroda|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985/page/n149 103]}}</ref> But, [[Kharavela]] is the most well known among them. The exact relation between Mahamegha Vahana and Kharavela is not known.<ref name="gene"/>
{{Main|Western Satraps}}


* [[Nahapana]] (119–124)
*Maharaja Vasu
* [[Chastana]] (c. 124)
*King Mahamegha Vahana
* [[Jayadaman]] (c. 124–130)
*Sobhanaraja
* [[Rudradaman I]] (c. 130–150)
*Chandraja
* [[Damajadasri I]] (170–175)
*Ksemaraja
* [[Jivadaman]] (175–199)
*Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (175–188)
*[[Kharavela]] (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)
* Isvaradatta (188–191)
*[[Kudepasiri]] Vakradeva ll
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (restored) (191–197)
*Vaduka
* [[Jivadaman]] (restored) (197–199)
*Galaveya
* [[Rudrasena I (Saka king)|Rudrasena I]] (200–222)
* Mana-Sada
* Samghadaman (222–223)
* Siri-Sada
* [[Damasena]] (223–232)
* Maha-Sada
* Damajadasri II (232–239) with
* Sivamaka-Sada
* Viradaman (234–238)
* Asaka-Sada<ref>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Cheti%20Dynasty&pg=PA348|access-date=25 October 2012|page=348|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref><ref name=jaina>{{cite book|title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fETebHcHKogC&q=Mahishaka%20%20Guntupalli%20inscription&pg=PA31|author=R. T. Vyas|author2=Umakant Premanand Shah|isbn=9788170173168|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
* Yasodaman I (239)
* [[Vijayasena]] (239–250)
* [[Damajadasri III]] (251–255)
* [[Rudrasena II]] (255–277)
* Visvasimha (277–282)
* [[Bhratadarman]] (282–295)
* [[Visvasena]] (293–304)
* [[Rudrasimha II]], son of Lord (Svami) [[Jivadaman]] (304–348) with
* [[Yasodaman II]] (317–332)
* Rudradaman II (332–348)
* Rudrasena III (348–380)
* Simhasena (Indo-Scythian ruler) (380–382)
* Rudrasena IV (382–388)
* [[Rudrasimha III]] (388–395)


===Kushana dynasty (c. 1–375 CE)===
==Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200 BCE –1950 CE)==
{{main|Kushan Empire}}
{{Main|History of Manipur|List of Manipuri kings}}


{| class="wikitable"
The Meitei people are made up of seven major clans, known as '''Salai Taret'''
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
The clans include–
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
#[[Mangang]]
|-
#[[Khuman Salai]]
|[[Heraios]]||[[File:Heraios profile.jpg|100px]]||1–30|| King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
#[[Luwang]]
|-
#[[Angom]]
|[[Kujula Kadphises]]||[[File:KujulaKadphisesCoinAugustusImitation.jpg|100px]]||30–80|| United the [[Yuezhi]] confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
#[[Moilang]]
|-
#[[Khaba Nganba]]
|[[Vima Takto|Vima Takto ''Soter Megas'']]||[[File:Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg|100px]]||80–90|| Alias ''The Great Saviour''. His empire covered northwestern [[Gandhara]] and greater [[Bactria]] towards [[China]], where Kushan presence has been asserted in the [[Tarim Basin]]. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
#[[Salai Leishangthem]]
|-
 
|[[Vima Kadphises]]||[[File:WimaKadphises.JPG|100px]]||90–127|| The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the [[Roman Empire]].
===Ancient dynasty of Kangleipak (c. 200 BCE −33 CE)===
|-
|[[Kanishka|Kanishka I ''the Great'']]||[[File:KanishkaCoin3.JPG|100px]]||127–144|| Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to [[Pataliputra]] on the [[Gangetic plain]]. His conquests and patronage of [[Buddhism]] played an important role in the development of the [[Silk Road]], and in the [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|transmission of Mahayana Buddhism]] from Gandhara across the [[Karakoram]] range to [[China]].
|-
|[[Huvishka]]||[[File:KushanCoinage2.jpg|100px]]||144–191|| His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
|-
|[[Vasudeva I]]||[[File:Coin of the Kushan king Vasudeva I.jpg|100px]]||191–232|| He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the [[Sassanian]]s as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the [[Indo-Sassanians]] or [[Kushanshahs]] from around 240.
|-
|[[Kanishka II]]||[[File:KanishkaIIObverse.JPG|100px]]||232–245|| It is likely he lost part of his empire to the [[Kushano-Sassanians]].
|-
|[[Vashishka]]||[[File:Vasishka.jpg|100px]]||245–250||
|-
|[[Kanishka III]]||[[File:Dinar of Kanishka III or Vashishka LACMA M.77.56.18 (2 of 2).jpg|100px]]||250–275||
|-
|[[Vasudeva II]]||[[File:Coin of VasudevaII.jpg|100px]]||275–310||
|-
|[[Chhu]]||||310–325||
|-
|[[Vasudeva III]]||
|rowspan="3"|c.300?
|rowspan="3"| Kings whose existence is uncertain.
|-
|[[Vasudeva IV]]||
|-
|[[Vasudeva V]]||
|-
|[[Shaka Kushan]]/[[Shaka I]]||[[File:KushanCoinage.jpg|100px]]||325–350||
|-
|[[Kipunada]]||[[File:Kipunada.jpg|100px]]||350–375|| May have been a subject of [[Samudragupta]] from [[Gupta Empire]].
|-
|}


===Indo-Parthian – ''Pahalava'' (c. 21–100 CE)===
====Khapa-Nganpa Salai====
{{main|Indo-Parthian}}


* [[Gondophares]] I (c. 21–50)
*Taang-chaa Leela Pakhangpa (200 BCE)
* [[Abdagases I]] (c. 50–65)
*Kangba
* Satavastres (c. 60)
*Maliya Fampalcha (150 BCE)
* Sarpedones (c. 70)
*Kaksu Tonkonpa
* Orthagnes (c. 70)
*Koilou Nongtailen Pakhangpa
* [[Ubouzanes]] (c. 77)
*Samlungpha (44–34 BCE)
* [[Sases]] or Gondophares II (c. 85)
*Chingkhong Poireiton (34–18 BCE )
* Abdagases II (c. 90)
*Singtabung (18–8 BCE)
* [[Pakores]] (c. 100)
*Paangminnaba (8–1 BCE)


===Alchon Huns -''Huna'' (c. 400–670 CE) ===
====Luwang Salai====
{{main|Alchon Huns}}


* ''Anonymous kings'' (400 – 430 CE)
*Luwang Khunthipa (1–5 CE)
* [[Khingila]]  (c. 430 – 490 CE)
*Luwang Punshipa (5–33 CE)
* [[Javukha]]/Zabocho (c. mid 5th – early 6th CE)
* [[Mehama]] (c. 461 – 493 CE)
* Lakhana Udayaditya (c. 490's CE)
* Aduman
* [[Toramana]] (c. 490 – 515 CE)
* [[Mihirakula]] (c. 515 – 540 CE)
* [[Toramana II]] (c. 530 – 570 CE)
* [[Sri Pravarasena|Pravarasena]] (c. 530 – 590 CE)
* [[Gokarna (king)|Gokarna]] (c. 570 – 590 CE)
* [[Narendraditya Khinkhila]] (c. 590 – 630 CE)
* [[Yudhishthira (Huna king)|Yudhishthira]] (630–670 CE)


===Ningthouja or Mangang dynasty (c. 33–1074 CE)===
{{Main|Ningthouja dynasty}}


==Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur (c. 64–1952 CE)==
*Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa (33–154 CE)
{{Main|Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur}}
*Khuiyoi Tompok (154–264 CE)
 
*Taothingmang (264–364 CE)
Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to Nagpuri poem "Nagvanshavali" written by Beniram Mehta and book "Nagvansh" written by Lal Pradumn Singh. The list of Kings and chronology varies in these books. 57th Nagvanshi king [[Dhripnath Shah|Dripnath Shah]] (c.1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to  Governor general of India in 1787.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros">{{cite book |last=Virottam |first=Balmukund |year=1969 |title=The Nagbanshis and the Cheros |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/2015.119550.The-Nagbanshis-And-The-Cheros_djvu.txt |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=}}</ref>
*Khui Ningonba (364–379 CE)
 
*Pengsipa (379–394 CE)
===Raja===
*Kaokhangpa (394–411 CE)
*Raja [[Phani Mukut Rai]] (c. 64 – 162 CE)
*Naokhampa (411–428 CE)
*Raja Mukut Rai (c. 162 – 221 CE)  
*Naophangpa (428–518 CE)
*Raja Ghat Rai (c. 221 – 278 CE)
*Sameilang (518–568 CE)
*Raja Madan Rai (c. 278 – 307 CE)  
*Urakonthoupa (568–658 CE)
*Raja Pratap Rai (c. 307 – 334 CE)  
*Naothingkhon (663–763 CE)
*Raja Kandrap Rai (c. 334 – 365 CE)
*Khongtekcha (763–773 CE)
*Raja Udaimani Rai (c. 365 – 403 CE)  
*Keilencha (784–799 CE)
*Raja Jaimani Rai (c. 403 – 452 CE)  
*Yalaba (799–821 CE)
*Raja Srimani Rai (c. 452 – 476 CE)  
*Ayangpa (821–910 CE)
*Raja Phani Rai (c. 476 – 493 CE)  
*Ningthoucheng (910–949 CE)
*Raja Gendu Rai (c. 493 – 535 CE)
*Chenglei-Ipan-Lanthapa (949–969 CE)
*Raja Hari Rai (c. 535 – 560 CE)
*Keiphaba Yanglon (969–984 CE)
*Raja Gajraj Rai (c. 560 – 606 CE)
*Irengba (984–1074 CE)
*Raja Sundar Rai (c. 606 – 643 CE)
 
*Raja Mukund Rai (c. 643 – 694 CE)
===Kangleipak dynasty (c. 1074–1819 CE)===
*Raja Udai Rai (c. 694 – 736 CE)  
{{Main|Kangleipak State}}
*Raja Kanchan Rai (c. 736 – 757 CE)  
 
*Raja Magan Rai (c. 757 – 798 CE)
# [[Loiyumba|Loiyumpa]] (1074–1112)
*Raja Jagan Rai (c. 798 – 837 CE)
# [[Loitongpa]] (1112–1150)
*Raja Mohan Rai (c. 837 – 901 CE)
# [[Atom Yoilempa]] (1150–1163)
*Raja Gajdant Rai (c. 901 – 931 CE)
# [[Iyanthapa ]](1163–1195)
*Raja Gajghant Rai (c. 931 – 964 CE)
# [[Thayanthapa]] (1195–1231)
*Raja Chandan Rai (c. 964 – 992 CE)
# [[Chingthang Lanthapa]] (1231–1242)
*Raja Anand Rai (c. 992 – 1002 CE)
# [[Thingpai Shelhongpa]] (1242–1247)
*Raja Sripati Rai (c. 1002 – 1055 CE)
# [[Pulanthapa]] (1247–1263)
*Raja Jaganand Rai (c. 1055 – 1074 CE)
# [[Khumompa]] (1263–1278)
*Raja Nripendra Rai (c. 1074 -1084  CE)
# [[Moilampa]] (1278–1302)
*Raja Gandharva Rai (c. 1084 -1098  CE)
# [[Thangpi Lanthapa]] (1302–1324)
*Raja [[Bhim Karn]] (c.1098 -c.1132)
# [[Kongyampa]] (1324–1335)
*Raja Jash Karn (c.1132-c.1180)
# [[Telheipa]] (1335–1355)
*Raja Jai Karn (c.1180-c.1218)
# [[Tonapa]] (1355–1359)
*Raja Go Karn (c.1218-c.1236)
# [[Tapungpa]] (1359–1394)
*Raja Hari Karn (c.1236-c.1276)
# [[Lailenpa]] (1394–1399)
*Raja Shiv Karn (c.1276-c.1299)  
# [[Punsipa]] (1404–1432)
*Raja Benu Karn (c.1299-c.1360)
# [[Ningthoukhompa]] (1432–1467)
*Raja Phenu Karn
# [[Senpi Kiyampa]] (1467–1508)
*Raja Tihuli Karn
# [[Koilempa]] (1508–1512)
*Raja [[Shivdas Karn]] (c.1367-c.1389)
# [[Lamkhyampa]] (1512–1523)
*Raja Udai Karn (c.1389-c.1427)
# [[Nonginphapa]] (1523–1524)
*Raja Pritvi Karn (c.1427-c.1451)
# [[Kapompa]] (1524–1542)
*Raja [[Pratap Karn]] (c.1451-c.1469)
# [[Tangchampa]] (1542–1545)
*Raja Chhatra Karn (c.1469 – c.1515)
# [[Chalampa]] (1545–1562)
*Raja Virat Karn (c.1515 – c.1522)
# [[Mungyampa]] (1562–1597)
*Raja Sindhu Karn (c.1522 – c.1535)
# [[Khagemba|Khaki Ngampa]](1597–1652)
*Raja [[Madhu Singh (King)|Madhu Karn Shah]] (c. 1584 -c.1599)
# [[Khunchaopa]] (1652–1666)
*Raja [[Bairisal]] (c. 1599 -c.1614)
# [[Paikhompa]] (1666–1697)
*Raja [[Durjan Sal]] (c. 1614–1615)(c.1627 -c.1640)
# [[Pitambar Charairongba|Charairongba]] (1697–1709)
*Raja Deo Shah
# [[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)|Gharib Nawaz]] (Ningthem Pamheipa) (1709–1754), (adoption of the name '''Manipur''')
*Raja [[Raghunath Shah]] (1640–1690)
# [[Chitsai|Chit Sain]] (1754–1756)
*Raja [[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] (1690–1715)
# [[Gaurisiam]] (1756–1763)
*Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] (1715–1724)
# [[Ching-Thang Khomba]] (Bhagya Chandra) (1764–1798)
*Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
# [[Rohinchandra]] (Harshachandra Singh) (1798–1801)
*Raja Udainath Shah (1733–1740)
# [[Maduchandra Singh]] (1801–1806)
*Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
# [[Charajit Singh]] (1806–1812)
*Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
# [[Marjit Singh]] (1812–1819)
*Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
''(Came to power with Burmese support)''.
*Raja [[Dhripnath Shah]] (1762–1790)
*Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)


===Maharaja===
===Burmese rule (c. 1819–1825 CE)===
*Maharaja Gobind Nath Shah Deo (1806–1822)
*Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1872)
*Maharaja [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] (1872–1950)
*Maharaja [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1950–1952)


== Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 170–350 CE) ==
===Princely State (c. 1825–1947 CE)===
{{main|Nagas of Padmavati}}


*Vrisha-naga
* [[Gambhir Singh]] (1825–1834)
''(Possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd Century)''.
(''Restored after the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]]'')
*Vrishabha or Vrisha-bhava
*''Regency'' for Chandrakirti Singh (1834–1850)
(''May also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga'').
* [[Nara Singh]] (1844–1850)
*Bhima-naga (210–230 CE)
* [[Debendro Singh]] (1850)
(''Probably the first king to rule from Padmavati'')
* [[Chandrakirti Singh]] (1850–1886)
*Skanda-naga
* [[Surchandra Singh]] (1886–1890)
*Vasu-naga
* Kulachandra Singh (1890–1891)
*Brihaspati-naga
* [[Churachand Singh]] (1891–1941)
*Vibhu-naga
* [[Bodhchandra Singh]] (1941–1947)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Biography_of_His_Highness_Maharaja_Bodhachandra_Last_King_of_Manipur_Part_1|title=Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 1|website=e-pao.net|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Biography_of_His_Highness_Maharaja_Bodhachandra_Last_King_of_Manipur_Part_2|title=Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 2|website=e-pao.net|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref>
*Ravi-naga
 
*Bhava-naga
==Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)==
*Prabhakara-naga
{{main|Kuninda Kingdom}}
*Deva-naga
 
*Vyaghra-naga
The Kingdom of Kuninda was an ancient central [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] kingdom documented from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, located in the southern areas of modern [[Himachal Pradesh]] and far western areas of [[Uttarakhand]] in [[North India]].
*Ganapati-naga
 
;The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:
* [[Amoghabhuti]] (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)
 
== Foreign Assimilated Kingdoms in Indian Subcontinent ==
{{see also|Middle kingdoms of India}}
 
These empires were vast, centered in [[Iran|Persia]] or the Mediterranean; their [[satrap]]ies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.
 
The sequence of there invasions are-
* The boundaries of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] after [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley|conquest of Indus valley]] reached North-West of the [[Indus River]] in 535 to 518 BCE.
* [[Alexander the Great]] (326–323 BCE) of the [[Argead dynasty]] who fought [[King Porus|Porus]] in the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]].
* [[Seleucus Nicator|Seleucus I Nicator]] (323–321 BCE), [[diadochi|diadochos]] was defeated by [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in [[Seleucid–Mauryan war]] 305 BCE.
* The [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] [[Euthydemus I|Euthydemid Dynasty]] under [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Demetrius I]] also reached the north-western frontiers of India in 200s BCE.


==Chandra Kingdom (c. 202–1050 CE)==
=== Indo-Greek Kingdom (''Yavanarajya'') (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE) ===
{{main|Chandra dynasty|Harikela}}
{{Main|Indo-Greek Kingdom}}


{| class="wikitable"
* [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Demetrius I]] (c. 200–190 BCE), founder of dynasty
|+List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
* [[Euthydemus II]] ( c.  190–185 BCE)
!#
* [[Pantaleon]] (c. 190–180 BCE)
!King
* [[Demetrius II of India]]
!Period
* [[Antimachus I]] (c. 171–160 BCE)
!Reign (CE)
* [[Antimachus II]] (c. 170–165 BCE)
|-
* [[Menander I]] (c. 165/155–130 BCE)
|1
*[[Agathokleia]] (c. 130–125)
|Chandrodaya
* [[Strato I]] (c. 125–105 BCE)
|27
*[[Demetrius III Aniketos]] (c. 105–100 BCE) 
|202–229
*[[Amyntas Nikator]] (c. 100–90 BCE) 
|-
*[[Menander II]] (c. 90–80 BCE)
|2
*[[Demetrius IV]] (c.  80–30 BCE)
|Annaveta
*[[Strato II]] (c. 30–10 BCE)
|5
*[[Strato III]] (c. 10 CE), last ruler
|229–234
 
|-
===Indo-Scythian (''Saka'') ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)===
|3
{{Main|Indo-Scythians}}
|??
 
|77
==== Aprācas rulers (c. 12 BCE − 45 CE )====
|234–311
{{Main|Apracharajas}}
|-
 
|4
* [[Vijayamitra]] (c. 12 BCE − 15 CE)
|Rimbhiappa
* [[Indravasu]] (c. 15 – 20 CE)
|23
* [[Vispavarman]]
|311–334
* [[Indravarman|Iṃdravarmo]]
|-
* [[Aspavarman|Aspa]] (c. 20 – 45 CE)
|5
* [[Sasan (Apraca)|Sasan]] (c. 45 – 50 CE)
|Kuverami (Queen)
 
|7
==== Northern Satraps rulers (''Mathura area'') (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE) ====
|334–341
{{main|Northern Satraps}}
|-
 
|6
* Hagamasha (satrap)
|Umavira (Queen)
* Hagana (satrap)
|20
* [[Rajuvula]] (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
|341–361
* [[Sodasa]]
|-
 
|7
==== Minor local rulers ====
|Jugna
* [[Bhadayasa]]
|7
* Mamvadi
|361–368
* Arsakes
|-
 
|8
==== Northwestern Scythian rulers (c. 85 BCE – 10 CE) ====
|Lanki
 
|2
* [[Maues]] (c. 85–60 BCE)
|368–370
* [[Vonones of Indo-Scythia|Vonones]] (c. 75–65 BCE)
|-
* [[Spalahores]] (c. 75–65 BCE)
|9
* Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
|Dvenchandra
* [[Azes I]] (c. 57–35 BCE)
|55
* [[Azilises]] (c. 57–35 BCE)
|370–425
* [[Azes II]] (c. 35–12 BCE)
|-
* [[Zeionises]] (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
|10
* [[Kharahostes]] (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
|Rajachandra
 
|20
==== Kshaharatas rulers ====
|425–445
 
|-
* [[Liaka Kusuluka]]
|11
* [[Kusulaka Patika]]
|Kalachandra
* [[Bhumaka]]
|9
* [[Nahapana]] (founder of the [[Western Satraps]])
|445–454
 
|-
==== Western Satraps (''Western Saka'') (c. 119 – 395 CE) ====
|12
{{Main|Western Satraps}}
|Devachandra
 
|22
* [[Nahapana]] (c. 119–124)
|454–476
* [[Chastana]] (c. 124)
|-
* [[Jayadaman]] (c. 124–130)
|13
* [[Rudradaman I]] (c. 130–150)
|Yajnachandra
* [[Damajadasri I]] (170–175)
|7
* [[Jivadaman]] (175–199)
|476–483
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (175–188)
|-
* Isvaradatta (188–191)
|14
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (restored) (191–197)
|Chandrabandu
* [[Jivadaman]] (restored) (197–199)
|6
* [[Rudrasena I (Saka king)|Rudrasena I]] (200–222)
|483–489
* Samghadaman (222–223)
|-
* [[Damasena]] (223–232)
|15
* Damajadasri II (232–239) with
|Bhumichandra
* Viradaman (234–238)
|7
* Yasodaman I (239)
|489–496
* [[Vijayasena]] (239–250)
|-
* [[Damajadasri III]] (251–255)
|16
* [[Rudrasena II]] (255–277)
|Bhutichandra
* Visvasimha (277–282)
|24
* [[Bhratadarman]] (282–295)
|496–520
* [[Visvasena]] (293–304)
|-
* [[Rudrasimha II]], son of Lord (Svami) [[Jivadaman]] (304–348) with
|17
* [[Yasodaman II]] (317–332)
|Nitichandra (Queen)
* Rudradaman II (332–348)
|55
* Rudrasena III (348–380)
|520–575
* Simhasena (Indo-Scythian ruler) (380–382)
* Rudrasena IV (382–388)
* [[Rudrasimha III]] (388–395)
 
==== Pāratas rulers (c. 125 – 300 CE) ====
{{Main|Paratarajas}}
 
* Yolamira (c. 125–150)
* Bagamira (c. 150)
* Arjuna (c. 150–160)
* Hvaramira (c. 160–175)
* Mirahvara (c. 175–185)
* Miratakhma (c. 185–200)
* Kozana (c. 200–220)
* Bhimarjuna (c. 220–235)
* Koziya (c. 235–265)
* Datarvharna (c. 265–280)
* Datayola II (c. 280–300)
 
=== Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE) ===
{{main|Kushan Empire}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
|-
|[[Heraios]]||[[File:Heraios profile.jpg|100px]]||1–30|| King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
|-  
|[[Kujula Kadphises]]||[[File:KujulaKadphisesCoinAugustusImitation.jpg|100px]]||30–80|| United the [[Yuezhi]] confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
|-
|[[Vima Takto|Vima Takto ''Soter Megas'']]||[[File:Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg|100px]]||80–90|| Alias ''The Great Saviour''. His empire covered northwestern [[Gandhara]] and greater [[Bactria]] towards [[China]], where Kushan presence has been asserted in the [[Tarim Basin]]. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
|-  
|[[Vima Kadphises]]||[[File:WimaKadphises.JPG|100px]]||90–127|| The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the [[Roman Empire]].
|-
|[[Kanishka|Kanishka I ''the Great'']]||[[File:KanishkaCoin3.JPG|100px]]||127–144|| Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to [[Pataliputra]] on the [[Gangetic plain]]. His conquests and patronage of [[Buddhism]] played an important role in the development of the [[Silk Road]], and in the [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|transmission of Mahayana Buddhism]] from Gandhara across the [[Karakoram]] range to [[China]].
|-  
|[[Huvishka]]||[[File:KushanCoinage2.jpg|100px]]||144–191|| His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
|-
|[[Vasudeva I]]||[[File:Coin of the Kushan king Vasudeva I.jpg|100px]]||191–232|| He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the [[Sassanian]]s as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the [[Indo-Sassanians]] or [[Kushanshahs]] from around 240.
|-
|[[Kanishka II]]||[[File:KanishkaIIObverse.JPG|100px]]||232–245|| It is likely he lost part of his empire to the [[Kushano-Sassanians]].
|-
|[[Vashishka]]||[[File:Vasishka.jpg|100px]]||245–250||
|-
|[[Kanishka III]]||[[File:Dinar of Kanishka III or Vashishka LACMA M.77.56.18 (2 of 2).jpg|100px]]||250–275||
|-  
|[[Vasudeva II]]||[[File:Coin of VasudevaII.jpg|100px]]||275–310||  
|-  
|[[Chhu]]||||310–325||  
|-  
|[[Vasudeva III]]||
|rowspan="3"|c.300?
|rowspan="3"| Kings whose existence is uncertain.
|-  
|[[Vasudeva IV]]||
|-
|[[Vasudeva V]]||
|-  
|[[Shaka Kushan]]/[[Shaka I]]||[[File:KushanCoinage.jpg|100px]]||325–350||  
|-  
|[[Kipunada]]||[[File:Kipunada.jpg|100px]]||350–375|| May have been a subject of [[Samudragupta]] from [[Gupta Empire]].
|-
|-
|18
|}
|Virachandra
 
|3
=== Indo-Parthian (''Pahalava'') (c. 21 – 100 CE) ===
|575–578
{{main|Indo-Parthian Kingdom}}
|-
 
|19
* [[Gondophares]] I (c. 21–50)
|Pritichandra (Queen)
* [[Abdagases I]] (c. 50–65)
|12
* Satavastres (c. 60)
|578-90
* Sarpedones (c. 70)
|-
* Orthagnes (c. 70)
|20
* [[Ubouzanes]] (c. 77)
|Prithvichandra
* [[Sases]] or Gondophares II (c. 85)
|7
* Abdagases II (c. 90)
|590–597
* [[Pakores]] (c. 100)
|-
 
|21
=== Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE) ===
|Dhirtichandra
{{main|Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom}}
|3
 
|597–600
* [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]] (233–245 CE)
|-
* [[Peroz I Kushanshah]] (245–275 CE)
|22
* [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (275–300 CE)
|Mahavira
* [[Hormizd II Kushanshah]] (300–303 CE)
|12
* [[Peroz II Kushanshah]] (303–330 CE)
|600-12
* [[Varahran Kushanshah]] (330-365 CE)
|-
 
|23
=== Alchon Huns (''Huna'') (c. 400 – 670 CE) ===
|Virayajap
{{main|Alchon Huns}}
|12
 
|612-24
* ''Anonymous kings'' (c. 400 – 430 CE)
|-
* [[Khingila]]  (c. 430 – 490 CE)
|24
* [[Javukha]]/Zabocho (c. mid 5th – early 6th CE)
|Sevinren
* [[Mehama]] (c. 461 – 493 CE)
|12
* Lakhana Udayaditya (c. 490's CE)
|624-36
* Aduman
|-
* [[Toramana]] (c. 490 – 515 CE)
|25
* [[Mihirakula]] (c. 515 – 540 CE)
|Dharmasura
* Toramana II (c. 530 – 570 CE)
|13
* [[Sri Pravarasena|Pravarasena]] (c. 530 – 590 CE)
|636-49
* Gokarna  (c. 570 – 590 CE)
|-
* [[Narendraditya Khinkhila]] (c. 590 – 630 CE)
|26
* [[Yudhishthira (Huna king)|Yudhishthira]] (630 – 670 CE)
|Vajrashakti
 
|16
==Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)==
|649-65
{{main|Chutu dynasty}}
|-
 
|27
The following Chutu rulers are known from coins and inscriptions:<ref>{{cite book |author=K. Gopalachari |title=Early History of the Andhra Country |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZI6kuQy.TVA_BOK_0002584 |year=1976 |publisher=University of Madras |page=39 }}</ref>
|Dharmavijaya
 
|36
* Chutukulananda
|665–701
* Mulananda
|-
* Sivalananda
|28
 
|Narendravijaya
==Nagvanshi dynasty of Chotanagpur (c. 64–1952 CE)==
|2 yr 9 months
{{Main|Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur}}
|701–703
 
|-
Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to Nagpuri poem "Nagvanshavali" written by Beniram Mehta and book "Nagvansh" written by Lal Pradumn Singh. The list of Kings and chronology varies in these books. 57th Nagvanshi king [[Dhripnath Shah|Dripnath Shah]] (c.1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to  Governor general of India in 1787.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros">{{cite book |last=Virottam |first=Balmukund |year=1969 |title=The Nagbanshis and the Cheros |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/2015.119550.The-Nagbanshis-And-The-Cheros_djvu.txt |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=}}</ref>
|29
 
|Dharmachandra
===Raja===
|16
*Raja [[Phani Mukut Rai]] (c. 64 – 162 CE)
|703–720
*Raja Mukut Rai (c. 162 – 221 CE)
|-
*Raja Ghat Rai (c. 221 – 278 CE)
|30
*Raja Madan Rai (c. 278 – 307 CE)
|Anandachandra
*Raja Pratap Rai (c. 307 – 334 CE)
|9+
*Raja Kandrap Rai (c. 334 – 365 CE)
|720-729+
*Raja Udaimani Rai (c. 365 – 403 CE)
|-
*Raja Jaimani Rai (c. 403 – 452 CE)
| colspan="4" |[[Harikela|Harikela Dynasty]]
*Raja Srimani Rai (c. 452 – 476 CE)
|-
*Raja Phani Rai (c. 476 – 493 CE)
|1
*Raja Gendu Rai (c. 493 – 535 CE)
|[[Traillokyachandra]]  
*Raja Hari Rai (c. 535 – 560 CE)
|30
*Raja Gajraj Rai (c. 560 – 606 CE)
|900–930
*Raja Sundar Rai (c. 606 – 643 CE)
|-
*Raja Mukund Rai (c. 643 – 694 CE)
|2
*Raja Udai Rai (c. 694 – 736 CE)
|[[Srichandra]]
*Raja Kanchan Rai (c. 736 – 757 CE)
|45
*Raja Magan Rai (c. 757 – 798 CE)
|930–975
*Raja Jagan Rai (c. 798 – 837 CE)
|-
*Raja Mohan Rai (c. 837 – 901 CE)
|3
*Raja Gajdant Rai (c. 901 – 931 CE)
|[[Kalyanachandra]]  
*Raja Gajghant Rai (c. 931 – 964 CE)
|25
*Raja Chandan Rai (c. 964 – 992 CE)
|975–1000
*Raja Anand Rai (c. 992 – 1002 CE)
|-
*Raja Sripati Rai (c. 1002 – 1055 CE)
|4
*Raja Jaganand Rai (c. 1055 – 1074 CE)
|[[Ladahachandra]]  
*Raja Nripendra Rai (c. 1074 -1084  CE)
|20
*Raja Gandharva Rai (c. 1084 -1098  CE)
|1000–1020
*Raja [[Bhim Karn]] (c.1098 -c.1132)
|-
*Raja Jash Karn (c.1132-c.1180)
|5
*Raja Jai Karn (c.1180-c.1218)
|[[Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)|Govindachandra]]  
*Raja Go Karn (c.1218-c.1236)
|30
*Raja Hari Karn (c.1236-c.1276)
|1020–1050
*Raja Shiv Karn (c.1276-c.1299)
|}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wicks|first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400|date=2018-05-31|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9|pages=87|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johnston|first=E. H.|date=1944|title=Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=11|issue=2|pages=357–385|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00072529|jstor=609320|issn=0041-977X}}</ref>
*Raja Benu Karn (c.1299-c.1360)
*Raja Phenu Karn
*Raja Tihuli Karn
*Raja [[Shivdas Karn]] (c.1367-c.1389)
*Raja Udai Karn (c.1389-c.1427)
*Raja Pritvi Karn (c.1427-c.1451)
*Raja [[Pratap Karn]] (c.1451-c.1469)
*Raja Chhatra Karn (c.1469 – c.1515)
*Raja Virat Karn (c.1515 – c.1522)
*Raja Sindhu Karn (c.1522 – c.1535)
*Raja [[Madhu Singh (King)|Madhu Karn Shah]] (c. 1584 -c.1599)
*Raja [[Bairisal]] (c. 1599 -c.1614)
*Raja [[Durjan Sal]] (c. 1614–1615)(c.1627 -c.1640)
*Raja Deo Shah
*Raja [[Raghunath Shah]] (1640–1690)
*Raja [[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] (1690–1715)
*Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] (1715–1724)
*Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
*Raja Udainath Shah (1733–1740)
*Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
*Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
*Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
*Raja [[Dhripnath Shah]] (1762–1790)
*Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)


==Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)==
===Maharaja===
{{main|Gupta Empire}}
*Maharaja Gobind Nath Shah Deo (1806–1822)
*Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1872)
*Maharaja [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] (1872–1950)
*Maharaja [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1950–1952)


{| class="wikitable"
== Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 170–350 CE) ==
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
{{main|Nagas of Padmavati}}
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
|-
|[[Sri-Gupta I]]||[[File:Maharaja Sri Gupta inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg|100px]]||240–290|| Founder of the dynasty.
|-
|[[Ghatotkacha (king)|Ghatotkacha]]||[[File:Maharaja Sri Ghatotkacha inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg|100px]]||290–320||
|-
|[[Chandragupta I|Chandra-Gupta I]]||[[File:Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandragupta I on a coin.jpg|100px]]||320–325||His title ''Maharajadhiraja'' ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the [[Licchavi (clan)|Lichchhavi]] princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
|-
|[[Samudragupta|Samudra-Gupta]]||[[File:SamudraguptaCoin.jpg|100px]]||325–375||Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from [[Ravi River]] in the west to the [[Brahmaputra River]] in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.


|-  
*Vrisha-naga
|[[Kacha (king)|Kacha]]||[[File:Kachagupta of the Gupta Empire circa AD 335.jpg|100px]]||4th-century|| Rival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with [[Samudragupta|Samudra-Gupta]].
''(Possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd Century)''.
|-  
*Vrishabha or Vrisha-bhava
|[[Ramagupta|Rama-Gupta]]||||375–380||
(''May also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga'').
|-
*Bhima-naga (210–230 CE)
|[[Chandragupta II|Chandra-Gupta II Vikramaditya]]||[[File:ChandraguptaIIOnHorse.jpg|100px]]||380–415|| Continued the expansionist policy of his father [[Samudragupta]]: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the [[Western Kshatrapas]], and extended the Gupta empire from the [[Indus River]] in the west to the [[Bengal]] region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the [[Narmada River]] in the south.
(''Probably the first king to rule from Padmavati'')
|-  
*Skanda-naga
|[[Kumaragupta|Kumara-Gupta I]]||[[File:KumaraguptaFightingLion.jpg|100px]]||415–455|| He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] region in the east.
*Vasu-naga
|-
*Brihaspati-naga
|[[Skandagupta|Skanda-Gupta]]||[[File:Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg|100px]]||455–467||It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the [[Pushyamitras]] or the [[Hunas]]. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
*Vibhu-naga
|-  
*Ravi-naga
|[[Purugupta|Puru-Gupta]]||||467–472||
*Bhava-naga
|-
*Prabhakara-naga
|[[Kumaragupta II|Kumara-Gupta II Kramaditya]]||[[File:Kumaragupta II Kramaditya Circa 530-540 CE.jpg|100px]]||472–479||
*Deva-naga
|-
*Vyaghra-naga
|[[Buddhagupta|Buddha-Gupta]]||[[File:Budhagupta in Malwa Circa 476-495 CE.jpg|100px]]||479–496||He had close ties with the rulers of [[Kannauj]] and together they sought to run the [[Alchon Huns]] ([[Hunas]]) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.
*Ganapati-naga
|-  
|[[Narasimhagupta|Narasimha-Gupta Baladitya]]||[[File:Narasinhagupta I Circa 414-455 AD.jpg|100px]]||496–530||
|-  
|[[Kumaragupta III|Kumara-Gupta III]]||||530–540||
|-  
|[[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnu-Gupta Candraditya]]||[[File:Vishnugupta Candraditya Circa 540-550 CE.jpg|100px]]||540–550||
|-
|[[Bhanugupta|Bhanu-Gupta]]||||?||A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.
|-
|}


==Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)==
==Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)==
{{main|Vakataka dynasty}}
{{main|Chandra dynasty|Harikela}}


* Vindhyasakti (250–270)
;List of rulers–<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wicks|first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400|date=2018-05-31|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9|pages=87|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johnston|first=E. H.|date=1944|title=Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=11|issue=2|pages=357–385|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00072529|jstor=609320|s2cid=191758063|issn=0041-977X}}</ref>
* [[Pravarasena I]] (270–330)


===The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch===
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Rudrasena I (Vakataka king)|Rudrasena I]] (330–355)
|+List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
* [[Prithivishena I]] (355–380)
!#
* [[Rudrasena II]] (380–385)
!King
* Divakarasena (385–400)
!Period
* [[Prabhavatigupta]] (fem.), Regent (385–405)
!Reign (CE)
* [[Damodarasena]] (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
|-
* Narendrasena (440–460)
|1
* Prithvishena II (460–480)
|Chandrodaya
 
|27
===The Vatsagulma branch===
|202–229
* [[Sarvasena]] (330–355)
|-
* [[Vindhyasena]] (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
|2
* [[Pravarasena II]] (400–415)
|Annaveta
* Unknown (415–450)
|5
* [[Devasena (Vakataka king)|Devasena]] (450–475)
|229–234
* [[Harishena]] (475–500)
|-
 
|3
==Pallava dynasty (c. 275–901 CE)==
|Chandra
{{main|Pallava dynasty}}
|77
 
|234–311
===Early Pallavas (c. 275–355 CE)===
|-
* Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
|4
* Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
|Rimbhiappa
* Singh Vishnu / Vappdev
|23
 
|311–334
===Middle Pallavas (c. 355–537 CE)===
|-
* Vishnugopa (350–355)
|5
* Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
|Kuverami (Queen)
* Skanda Varman II (370–385)
|7
* Vira Varman (385–400)
|334–341
* Skanda Varman III (400–438)
|-
* Simha Varman II (438–460)
|6
* Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
|Umavira (Queen)
* Nandi Varman I (480–500)
|20
* Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)
|341–361
* Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
|-
* Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
|7
* Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)
|Jugna
 
|7
===Later Pallavas (c. 537–901 CE)===
|361–368
* [[Simhavishnu|Simha Vishnu]] (537–570)
|-
* [[Mahendravarman I|Mahendra Varman I]] (571–630)
|8
* [[Narasimhavarman I|Narasimha Varman I]] (Mamalla) (630–668)
|Lanki
* [[Mahendravarman II|Mahendra Varman II]] (668–672)
|2
* [[Paramesvaravarman I|Paramesvara Varman I]] (672–700)
|368–370
* [[Narasimhavarman II|Narasimha Varman II]] (Raja Simha) (700–728)
|-
* Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
|9
* [[Nandivarman II|Nandi Varman II]] (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
|Dvenchandra
* [[Thandivarman|Thandi Varman]] (775–825)
|55
* Nandi Varman III (825–869)
|370–425
* Nirupathungan (869–882)
|-
* Aparajitha Varman (882–901)
|10
 
|Rajachandra
==Kadamba kingdom (c. 345–1347 CE)==
|20
{{main|Kadamba dynasty}}
|425–445
 
|-
===Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345–525 CE)===
|11
 
|Kalachandra
* [[Mayurasharma]] (Varma) (345–365)
|9
* Kangavarma (365–390)
|445–454
* Bagitarha (390–415)
|-
* Raghu (415–435)
|12
* [[Kakusthavarma]] (435–455)
|Devachandra
* Santivarma (455–460)
|22
* Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
|454–476
* Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
|-
* Ravivarma (485–519)
|13
* Harivarma (519–525)
|Yajnachandra
 
|7
===[[Kadambas of Goa]] (until 1345)===
|476–483
 
|-
===[[Kadambas of Hangal]] (until 1347)===
|14
 
|Chandrabandu
==Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (c. 350–1024 CE)==
|6
{{main|Western Ganga dynasty}}
|483–489
 
|-
* Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
|15
* Madhava II (370–390)
|Bhumichandra
* Harivarman (390–410)
|7
* Vishnugopa (410–430)
|489–496
* Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
|-
* [[Avinita]] (466–495)
|16
* [[Durvinita]] (495–535)
|Bhutichandra
* Mushkara (535–585)
|24
* Srivikrama (585–635)
|496–520
* Bhuvikarma (635–679)
|-
* Shivamara I (679–725)
|17
* Sripurusha (725–788)
|Nitichandra (Queen)
* Shivamara II (788–816)
|55
* Rajamalla I (817–853)
|520–575
* Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
|-
* Rajamalla II (870–907)
|18
* Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
|Virachandra
* Narasimhadeva (919–925)
|3
* Rajamalla III (925–935)
|575–578
* Butuga II (935–960)
|-
* Takkolam in (949)
|19
* Maruladeva (960–963)
|Pritichandra (Queen)
* Marasimha III (963–974)
|12
* Rajamalla IV (974–985)
|578-90
* Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)
|-
 
|20
==Vishnukundina Empire (c. 420–624 CE)==
|Prithvichandra
{{main|Vishnukundina dynasty}}
|7
 
|590–597
* Madhava Varma I (420–455)
|-
* Indra Varma (455–461)
|21
*[[Vishnukundin#Madhav Varma II|Madhava Verma II]] (461–508)
|Dhirtichandra
* Vikramendra Varma I (451–528)
|3
* Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–555/580)
|597–600
* Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)<ref name=govt/><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138" />
|-
 
|22
==Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)==
|Mahavira
{{main|Maitraka dynasty}}
|12
 
|600-12
* Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
|-
* Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
|23
* Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
|Virayajap
* Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
|12
* Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
|612-24
* Guhasena (c. 556–570)
|-
* Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
|24
* Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
|Sevinren
* Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
|12
* Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
|624-36
* Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
|-
* Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
|25
* Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
|Dharmasura
* Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
|13
* Siladitya II
|636-49
* Siladitya III
|-
* Siladitya IV
|26
* Siladitya V
|Vajrashakti
* Siladitya VI
|16
* Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)<ref name="Mahajan">Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). ''Ancient India'', S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, pp.594–6</ref>
|649-65
 
|-
==Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)==
|27
{{main|Rai dynasty}}
|Dharmavijaya
 
|36
*[[Rai Diwa]] ji (Devaditya)
|665–701
*[[Rai Sahiras]] (Shri Harsha)
|-
*[[Rai Sahasi]] (Sinhasena)
|28
*[[Rai Sahiras II]], died battling the King of [[Nimroz]]
|Narendravijaya
*[[Rai Sahasi II]], the last of the line
|2 yr 9 months
 
|701–703
==Later Gupta dynasty (c. 490–750 CE)==
|-
{{Main|Later Gupta dynasty}}
|29
 
|Dharmachandra
The known Later Gupta rulers included:{{sfn|Sen|1999|pp=247–248}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Ronald M. Davidson |year=2012 |title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=35 |isbn=978-0-231-50102-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |author-link=Hans T. Bakker |year=2014 |title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ |publisher=BRILL |page=83 |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4 }}
|16
</ref>
|703–720
 
|-
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Krishna-gupta (490–505 CE)
|30
* ''Deva Shri'' Harsha-gupta (505–525 CE)
|Anandachandra
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Jivita-gupta I (525–550 CE)
|9+
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Kumara-gupta (550–560 CE)
|720-729+
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Damodara-gupta (560–562 CE)
|-
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Mahasena-gupta (562–601 CE)
| colspan="4" |[[Harikela|Harikela Dynasty]]
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Madhava-gupta (601–655 CE)
|-
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Aditya-sena (655–680 CE)
|1
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Deva-gupta (680–700 CE)
|[[Traillokyachandra]]  
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Vishnu-gupta (700–725 CE)
|30
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Jivita-gupta II (725–750 CE)
|900–930
 
|-
== Chahamana or Chauhan dynasty (500–1315 CE) ==
|2
{{main|Chauhan}}
|[[Srichandra]]
 
|45
''The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-''
|930–975
 
|-
*[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] (Chauhans of Ajmer)
|3
* [[Chahamanas of Naddula]] (Chauhans of Nadol)
|[[Kalyanachandra]]  
* Chahamanas of [[Lata (region)|Lata]]{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=105}}
|25
* Chahamanas of [[Dholpur]]{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=114}}
|975–1000
* Chahamanas of Partabgarh{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=115}}
|-
* [[Chahamanas of Jalor]] (Chauhans of [[Jalore Fort|Jalore]]); branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
|4
* [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura]] (Chauhans of [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]]); branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari.
|[[Ladahachandra]]  
|20
|1000–1020
|-
|5
|[[Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)|Govindachandra]]  
|30
|1020–1050
|}
 
==Abhira dynasty of Nasik (203–370 CE)==
{{main|Abhira dynasty}}
 
The following is the list of the sovereign and strong Abhira rulers:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Soni|first=Lok Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&q=Kshatriya+abhira|title=The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh|date=2000|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture|isbn=978-81-85579-57-3|language=en}}</ref>
 
* Abhira Sivadatta
* Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
* [[Ishwarsena|Abhira Ishwarsena]] alias ''Mahaksatrapa'' Isvaradatta
* Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena
 
==Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)==
{{main|Gupta Empire}}


=== Chahamanas of Shakambhari (500–1194)===
{| class="wikitable"
{{main|Chahamanas of Shakambhari}}
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |year=1964 |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |pages=51–70}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
* [[Chahamana]] (c. 2nd century CE)
|-
* [[Vasudeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Vasu-deva]] (c. 6th century CE)
|[[Sri-Gupta I|Srigupta]]||[[File:Maharaja Sri Gupta inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg|100px]]||240–290|| Founder of the dynasty.
* [[Samantaraja|Samanta-raja]] (c. 684–709 CE); identified as the legendary [[Manik Rai]] by R. B. Singh
|-
* [[Naradeva|Nara-deva]] (c. 709–721 CE)
|[[Ghatotkacha (king)|Ghatotkacha]]||[[File:Maharaja Sri Ghatotkacha inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg|100px]]||290–320||
* [[Ajayaraja I|Ajaya-raja I]] (c. 721–734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
|-  
* [[Vigraharaja I|Vigraha-raja I]] (c. 734–759 CE)
|[[Chandragupta I|Chandragupta I]]||[[File:Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandragupta I on a coin.jpg|100px]]||320–325||His title ''Maharajadhiraja'' ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the [[Licchavi (tribe)|Licchavi]] princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
* [[Chandraraja I|Chandra-raja I]] (c. 759–771 CE)
|-
* [[Gopendraraja|Gopendra-raja]] (c. 771–784 CE)
|[[Samudragupta|Samudragupta]]||[[File:SamudraguptaCoin.jpg|100px]]||325–375||Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from [[Ravi River]] in the west to the [[Brahmaputra River]] in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.
* [[Durlabharaja I|Durlabha-raja I]] (c. 784–809 CE)
|-  
* [[Govindaraja I|Govinda-raja I]] (c. 809–836 CE), alias Guvaka I
|[[Kacha (king)|Kacha]]||[[File:Kachagupta of the Gupta Empire circa AD 335.jpg|100px]]||4th-century|| Rival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with [[Samudragupta|Samudra-Gupta]].
* [[Chandraraja II|Chandra-raja II]] (c. 836–863 CE)
|-
* [[Govindaraja II]] (c. 863–890 CE), alias Guvaka II
|[[Ramagupta|Ramagupta]]||||375–380||
* [[Chandanaraja|Chandana-raja]] (c. 890–917 CE)
|-
* [[Vakpatiraja I|Vakpati-raja]] (c. 917–944 CE); his younger son established the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana branch]]
|[[Chandragupta II|Chandragupta II Vikramaditya]]||[[File:ChandraguptaIIOnHorse.jpg|100px]]||380–415|| Continued the expansionist policy of his father [[Samudragupta]]: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the [[Western Kshatrapas]], and extended the Gupta empire from the [[Indus River]] in the west to the [[Bengal]] region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the [[Narmada River]] in the south.
* [[Simharaja|Simha-raja]] (c. 944–971 CE)
|-
* [[Vigraharaja II|Vigraha-raja II]] (c. 971–998 CE)
|[[Kumaragupta|Kumaragupta I]]||[[File:KumaraguptaFightingLion.jpg|100px]]||415–455|| He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] region in the east.
* [[Durlabharaja II|Durlabha-raja II]] (c. 998–1012 CE)
|-
* [[Govindaraja III|Govinda-raja III]] (c. 1012–1026 CE)
|[[Skandagupta|Skandagupta]]||[[File:Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg|100px]]||455–467||It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the [[Pushyamitras]] or the [[Hunas]]. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
* [[Vakpatiraja II|Vakpati-raja II]] (c. 1026–1040 CE)
|-
* [[Viryarama]] (c. 1040 CE)
|[[Purugupta|Purugupta]]||||467–472||
* [[Chamundaraja (Chahamana dynasty)|Chamunda-raja]] (c. 1040–1065 CE)
|-
* [[Durlabharaja III|Durlabha-raja III]] (c. 1065–1070 CE), alias Duśala
|[[Kumaragupta II|Kumaragupta II Kramaditya]]||[[File:Kumaragupta II Kramaditya Circa 530-540 CE.jpg|100px]]||472–479||
* [[Vigraharaja III|Vigraha-raja III]] (c. 1070–1090 CE), alias Visala
|-
* [[Prithviraja I|Prithvi-raja I]] (c. 1090–1110 CE)
|[[Buddhagupta|Buddhagupta]]||[[File:Budhagupta in Malwa Circa 476-495 CE.jpg|100px]]||479–496||He had close ties with the rulers of [[Kannauj]] and together they sought to run the [[Alchon Huns]] ([[Hunas]]) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.
* [[Ajayaraja II|Ajaya-raja II]] (c. 1110–1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
|-
* [[Arnoraja|Arno-raja]] (c. 1135–1150 CE), alias Ana
|[[Narasimhagupta|Narasimhagupta Baladitya]]||[[File:Narasinhagupta I Circa 414-455 AD.jpg|100px]]||496–530||
* [[Jagaddeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Jagad-deva]] (c. 1150 CE)
|-
* [[Vigraharaja IV|Vigraha-raja IV]] (c. 1150–1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
|[[Kumaragupta III|Kumaragupta III]]||||530–540||
* [[Aparagangeya|Apara-gangeya]] (c. 1164–1165 CE)
|-
* [[Prithviraja II|Prithvi-raja II]] (c. 1165–1169 CE)
|[[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnugupta Candraditya]]||[[File:Vishnugupta Candraditya Circa 540-550 CE.jpg|100px]]||540–550||
* [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]] (c. 1169–1178 CE)
|-
* [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithvi-raja III]] (c. 1178–1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan
|[[Bhanugupta|Bhanugupta]]||||?||A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.
* [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja IV]] (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura]]
|-
* [[Hariraja|Hari-raja]] (c. 1193–1194 CE)
|}


=== Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197) ===
==Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)==
{{main|Chahamanas of Naddula}}
{{main|Vakataka dynasty}}


Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
* Vindhyasakti (250–270)
* [[Pravarasena I]] (270–330)


* [[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)|Lakshmana]] (c. 950–982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana
===The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch===
* [[Shobhita]] (c. 982–986)
* [[Rudrasena I (Vakataka king)|Rudrasena I]] (330–355)
* [[Baliraja]] (c. 986–990)
* [[Prithivishena I]] (355–380)
* [[Vigrahapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Vigrahapala]] (c. 990–994)
* [[Rudrasena II]] (380–385)
* [[Mahindu|Mahindra]] (c. 994–1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra
* Divakarasena (385–400)
* [[Ashvapala]] (c. 1015–1019)
* [[Prabhavatigupta]] (fem.), Regent (385–405)
* [[Ahila]] (c. 1019–1024)
* [[Damodarasena]] (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
* [[Anahilla]] (c. 1024–1055)
* Narendrasena (440–460)
* [[Balaprasada]] (c. 1055–1070)
* Prithvishena II (460–480)
* [[Jendraraja]] (c. 1070–1080)
* [[Prithvipala]] (c. 1080–1090)
* [[Jojalladeva]] (c. 1090–1110)
* [[Asharaja]] (c. 1110–1119), alias Ashvaraja
* [[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]] (c. 1119–1132)
* [[Rayapala]] (c. 1132–1145)
* [[Katukaraja]] (c. 1145–1148)
* [[Alhanadeva]] (c. 1148–1163)
* [[Kelhanadeva]] (c. 1163–1193)
* [[Jayatasimha]] (c. 1193–1197)


===Chahamanas of Jalor (1160–1311)===
===The Vatsagulma branch===
{{main|Chahamanas of Jalor}}
* [[Sarvasena]] (330–355)
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |year=1979 |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |page=xvi |oclc=12737199}}</ref>
* [[Vindhyasena]] (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
* [[Kirtipala|Kirti-pala]] (c. 1160–1182 CE)
* [[Pravarasena II]] (400–415)
* [[Samarasimha|Samara-simha]] (c. 1182–1204 CE)
* Unknown (415–450)
* [[Udayasimha|Udaya-simha]] (c. 1204–1257 CE)
* [[Devasena (Vakataka king)|Devasena]] (450–475)
* [[Chachigadeva|Chachiga-deva]] (c. 1257–1282 CE)
* [[Harishena]] (475–500)
* [[Samantasimha|Samanta-simha]] (c. 1282–1305 CE)
* [[Kanhadadeva|Kanhada-deva]] (c. 1292–1311 CE)
* [[Viramadeva|Virama-deva]] (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma |year=1959 |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |page=169 |isbn=978-0-8426-0618-9}}</ref>{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}}


===Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (1192–1301)===
== Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE) ==
{{main|Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura}}
{{main|Pallava dynasty}}
* [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja]] (1192 CE)
* [[Balhana-deva]] or [[Balhan]], son of Govinda
* Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana
* [[Viranarayana]] or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada
* [[Vagabhata]], son of Balhana; known as [[Bahar Deo]] in bardic chronicles
* [[Jaitra-simha]] or [[Jaitra Singh]]
* [[Hammiradeva|Hammira-deva]] or Hammir Dev (1301 CE)


==Chalukya dynasty (500–1200)==
=== Early Pallavas (c. 275 – 355 CE) ===
{{anchor|Chalukya dynasty}}
* Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
{{main|Chalukya dynasty|Eastern Chalukyas|Western Chalukya Empire}}
* Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
* Singh Vishnu / Vappdev


{| class="wikitable"
=== Middle Pallavas (c. 355 – 537 CE) ===
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
* Vishnugopa (350–355)
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign !!Capital!!Notes
* Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
|-
* Skanda Varman II (370–385)
|[[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I]]||||500–520||[[Badami]]|| Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern [[Bijapur]] in the early 6th century.
* Vira Varman (385–400)
|-
* Skanda Varman III (400–438)
|[[Ranaraga]]||||520–540||[[Badami]]||
* Simha Varman II (438–460)
|-
* Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
|[[Pulakeshin I]]||||540–567||[[Badami]]|| He ruled parts of the present-day [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]] states in the western [[Deccan]] region of India.
* Nandi Varman I (480–500)
|-
* Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)
|[[Kirtivarman I]]||||567–592||[[Badami]]|| He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the [[Nalas of Pushkari|Nalas]], the Mauryas of [[Konkan]]a, the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]], the [[Alupa dynasty|Alupas]], and the Gangas of [[Talakadu|Talakad]].
* Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
|-
* Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
|[[Mangalesha]]||[[File:6th century Kannada inscription in cave temple number 3 at Badami.jpg|100px]]||592–610||[[Badami]]||Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the [[Kalachuri dynasty|Kalachuri]] king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the [[Konkan]] coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering [[Redi, Maharashtra|Revati-dvipa]] from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew [[Pulakeshin II]], a son of Kirttivarman I.
* Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)
|-
 
|[[Pulakeshin II]]||[[File:Pulikesin II, the Chalukhaya, receives envoys from Persia (1).jpg|100px]]||610–642||[[Badami]]|| Son of [[Kirtivarman I]], he overthrew his uncle [[Mangalesha]] to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]] of [[Banavasi]] in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of [[Konkan]]a. He was victorious against the
=== Later Pallavas (c. 537 – 901 CE) ===
powerful northern emperor [[Harshavardhana|Harsha-vardhana]]. He also achieved some successes against the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king [[Narasimhavarman I]].
* [[Simhavishnu|Simha Vishnu]] (537–570)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* [[Mahendravarman I|Mahendra Varman I]] (571–630)
|[[Kubja Vishnuvardhana|Kubja Vishnu-Vardhana I]]||||615/24–641||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
* [[Narasimhavarman I|Narasimha Varman I]] (Mamalla) (630–668)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* [[Mahendravarman II|Mahendra Varman II]] (668–672)
|[[Jayasimha I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]]||||641–673||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* [[Paramesvaravarman I|Paramesvara Varman I]] (672–700)
|-
* [[Narasimhavarman II|Narasimha Varman II]] (Raja Simha) (700–728)
|[[Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)|Adityavarman]]||||642–645||[[Badami]]|| First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]].
* Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
|-
* [[Nandivarman II|Nandi Varman II]] (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
|[[Abhinavaditya]]||||645–646||[[Badami]]|| Son of the predecessor.
* [[Thandivarman|Thandi Varman]] (775–825)
|-
* Nandi Varman III (825–869)
|[[Chandraditya (Chalukya dynasty)|Chandraditya]]||||646–649||[[Badami]]|| Second son of Pulakeshin II.
* Nirupathungan (869–882)
|-
* Aparajitha Varman (882–897), last ruler of dynasty
|''[[Vijaya-Bhattarika]]'' (regent)||
 
|rowspan="2"|649–655||[[Badami]]|| Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
== Aulikara Empire of Dashapura (c. 300 – 560 CE) ==
|-  
{{main|Aulikara Empire|Dashapura}}
|A son of Chandraditya||||[[Badami]]||
 
|-  
'''Rulers of [[Aulikara|First Aulikara dynasty]]-'''
|[[Vikramaditya I]]||||655–680||[[Badami]]|| He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the [[Pallavas]] retreat from the capital.
* Jayavarma
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Simhavarma
|[[Indra Bhattaraka]]||||673||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
* Naravarma
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Vishvavarma
|[[Vishnuvardhana II|Vishnu-Vardhana II]]||||673–682||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||  
* Bandhuvarma
|-  
 
|[[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]]||||680–696||[[Badami]]|| He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
'''Rulers of [[Second Aulikara dynasty]]-'''
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Drumavardhana
|[[Mangi Yuvaraja]]||||682–706||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||  
* Jayavardhana
|-  
* Ajitavardhana
|[[Vijayaditya|Vijayaditya I]]||||696–733||[[Badami]]|| His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
* Vibhishanavardhana
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Rajyavardhana
|[[Jayasimha II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha III]]||||706–718||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||  
* Prakashadharma
|- bgcolor=#abc
* [[Yashodharman]] (c. 515–545 CE)
|[[Kokkli]]||||718–719||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||  
* [[Shiladitya (ruler of Malwa)|Shiladitya]] (c. 545–550/560 CE), last known ruler of dynasty
|- bgcolor=#abc
 
|[[Vishnuvardhana III|Vishnu-Vardhana III]]||||719–755||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
== Kadamba dynesties (345 – 1310 CE) ==
|-
 
|[[Vikramaditya II]]||[[File:8th century Kannada inscription on victory pillar at Pattadakal.jpg|100px]]||733–746||[[Badami]]|| Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of [[Kanchipuram]], in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
=== Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345 – 540 CE) ===
|-
{{main|Kadamba dynasty}}
|[[Kirtivarman II|Kirtivarman II Rahappa]]||||746- 757||[[Badami]]|| His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the [[Rashtrakutas]], who ended the power of the family in Badami.
 
|- bgcolor=#abc
'''Banavasi branch rulers-'''
|[[Vijayaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya II]]||||755–772||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
 
|- bgcolor=#abc
* [[Mayuravarma]] (345–365)
|[[Vishnuvardhana IV|Vishnu-Vardhana IV]]||||755–808||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Kangavarma (365–390)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Bhageerath (390–415)
|[[Vijayaditya II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya III]]||||808–847||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| His first military victories against the [[Rashtrakutas]] made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
* Raghu (415–435)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* [[Kakusthavarma]] (435–455)
|[[Vishnuvardhana V|Kali Vishnu-Vardhana V]]||||847–849||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Santivarma (455–460)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
|[[Vijayaditya III (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya IV]]||
* Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
|rowspan="3"|849–892||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
* Ravivarma (485–519)
|rowspan="3"|Brothers, ruled together.
* Harivarma (519–530)
|- bgcolor=#abc
 
|[[Vikramaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya III]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
'''Triparvatha branch rulers-'''
|- bgcolor=#abc
 
|[[Yuddhamalla I]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
* Krishna Varma I (455–475)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Vishnuvarma (475–485)
|[[Bhima I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima I]]||||892–921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the [[Rashtrakutas]].
* Simhavarma (485–516)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* [[Krishna Varma II]] (516–540)
|[[Vijayaditya IV (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya V]]||||921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
 
|- bgcolor=#abc
=== Kadamba dynasty of Goa (960 – 1345 CE)===
|[[Amma (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Amma I]]||
{{main|Kadambas of Goa}}
|rowspan="2"|921–927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
 
|rowspan="2"| Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
* Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Nagavarma
|[[Vishnuvardhana VI|Vishnu-Vardhana VI]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
* Guhalladeva I
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Shashathadeva II
|[[Vijayaditya V (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya VI]]||||927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Ruled for fifteen days.
* Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
|[[Tadapa]]||||927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Ruled for a month.
* Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
|[[Vikramaditya II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya IV]]||||927–928||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
|[[Bhima II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima II]]||||928–929||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
|[[Yuddhamalla II]]||||929–935||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
|[[Bhima III (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima III]]||||935–947||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
|[[Amma II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Amma II]]||||947–970||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty
|- bgcolor=#abc
 
|[[Danarnava]]||||970–973||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the [[Chola Empire]].
=== Kadamba dynasty of Hangal (980 – 1275 CE) ===
|- bgcolor=#bca
{{main|Kadambas of Hangal}}
|[[Tailapa II|Tailapa II Ahvamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 913 (c.991 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Ahvamalla Tailapa II.JPG|100px]]||973–997||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| 6th great-grandson of [[Vijayaditya I]]. Ousted the [[Rashtrakutas]] in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
;known rulers are-
|- bgcolor=#abc
* Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
|[[Jata Choda Bhima]]||||973–999||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Kamadeva
|- bgcolor=#bca
* Somadeva
|[[Satyashraya]]||||997–1008||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||
* Mayuravarma
|- bgcolor=#abc
 
|[[Shaktivarman I]]||||999–1011||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing [[Chola Empire|Chola influence]] in Vengi kingdom.
=== Other minor Kadamba Kingdoms ===
|- bgcolor=#bca
;[[Kadambas of Halasi]]
|[[Vikramaditya V]]||||1008–1015||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
;Kadambas of Bankapur
|- bgcolor=#abc
;Kadambas of Bayalnad
|[[Vimaladitya]]||||1011–1018||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of [[Rajaraja I]] from the [[Chola Empire]].
;Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
|- bgcolor=#bca
;Kadambas of Uchchangi
|[[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha III]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 957 (c.1035 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jayasimha II.JPG|100px]]||1015–1043||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of [[Kannada literature]]. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the [[Deccan]].
;Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)
|- bgcolor=#abc
 
|[[Rajaraja Narendra]]||[[File:King Rajaraja Narendra founder of rajahmundry city.jpg|100px]]||1018–1061||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the [[Western Chalukyas]]. His own son managed to succeed in the [[Chola Empire]], in 1070, as [[Kulottunga I]], beginning the [[Later Cholas]] period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola.
==Varman dynasty of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)==
|- bgcolor=#bca
{{main|Varman dynasty|Kamarupa}}
|[[Someshvara I|Someshvara I Trilokyamalla]]||[[File:Western Chalukyas of Kalyana King Somesvara I Trailokyamalla 1043-1068.jpg|100px]]||1042–1068||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| His several military successes in [[Central India]] made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
 
|- bgcolor=#abc
The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:<ref>"Though there exists no direct evidence, there are indirect evidence of a king who ruled for a short period after Bhaskaravarman, but was ousted by Salasthamba."{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Mukunda Madhava|year=1978|title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam|publisher=Gauhati University, Assam|pages=xxxi-xxxii}}.</ref>
|[[Shaktivarman II]]||||1061–1062||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
 
|- bgcolor=#abc
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" align="center"
|[[Vijayaditya VI (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya VII]]||||1062–1075||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with support from [[Western Chalukyas]].
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
!    !! Reign    !! Name                !! succession                      !! Queen
|[[Someshvara II|Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 990 (c.1068 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Bhuvanaikamalla Someshvara II.JPG|100px]]||1068–1076||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
|-
|- bgcolor=#abc
| 1  || 350-374  || [[Pushyavarman]]   || || (unknown)
|[[Rajaraja (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Rajaraja]]||||1075–1079||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
| 2  || 374-398  || [[Samudravarman]]   || son of Pushyavarman            || Dattadevi
|[[Vikramaditya VI|Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1108 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI.jpg|100px]]||1076–1126||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous [[Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]] poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, [[Athirajendra Chola]], on the [[Chola Empire]] throne.
|-
|- bgcolor=#abc
| 3  || 398-422  || [[Balavarman]]     || son of Samudravarman          || Ratnavati
|[[Vishuvardhana VII|Vishnu-Vardhana VII]]||||1079–1102||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
| 4  || 422-446  || [[Kalyanavarman (Varman dynasty)|Kalyanavarman]]   || son of Balavarman              || Gandharavati
|[[Someshvara III]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (1129 AD) at Kedareshvara temple in Balligavi.JPG|100px]]||1126–1138||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text ''[[Manasollasa]]'' touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
| 5  || 446-470  || [[Ganapativarman]] || son of Kalyanavarman          || Yajnavati
|[[Jagadhekamalla II]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II.JPG|100px]]||1138–1151||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
| 6  || 470-494  || [[Mahendravarman (Varman dynasty)|Mahendravarman]] || son of Ganapativarman || Suvrata
|[[Tailapa III]]||||1151–1164||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
| 7  || 494-518  || [[Narayanavarman]] || son of Mahendravarman          || Devavati
|[[Jagadhekamalla III]]||||1164–1183||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the [[Southern Kalachuris]] under [[Bijjala II]] who took control of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]]. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
|-
|- bgcolor=#bca
| 8  || 518-542  || [[Bhutivarman]] || son of Narayanavarman || Vijnayavati
|[[Someshvara IV]]||[[File:Chalukyas of Kalyana (Western Chalukyas) Possibly King Somesvara IV Chalukya. 1181-4 1189.jpg|100px]]||1183–1200||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, [[Seuna]], [[Hoysala]] and the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.
|-
|-
| 9  || 542-566  || [[Chandramukhavarman]] || son of Bhutivarman        || Bhogavati
|}
|-
| 10 || 566-590  || [[Sthitavarman]]   || son of Chandramukhavarman      || Nayanadevi
|-
| 11 || 590-595  || [[Susthitavarman]] || son of Sthitavarman            || Syamadevi
|-
| 12 || 595-600  || [[Supratisthitavarman]] || son of Susthitavarman      || (Bachelor)
|-
| 13 || 600-650  || [[Bhaskaravarman]] || brother of Supratisthitavarman || (Bachelor)
|-
| 14 || 650-655  || Unknown || (unknown)  || (unknown)
|-
|}
 
==Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)==
{{main|Western Ganga dynasty}}
 
;List of rulers–
* Konganivarma Madhava (350–370), founder of dynasty
* Madhava II (370–390)
* Harivarman (390–410)
* Vishnugopa (410–430)
* Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
* [[Avinita]] (466–495)
* [[Durvinita]] (495–535)
* Mushkara (535–585)
* Srivikrama (585–635)
* Bhuvikarma (635–679)
* Shivamara I (679–725)
* Sripurusha (725–788)
* Shivamara II (788–816)
* Rajamalla I (817–853)
* Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
* Rajamalla II (870–907)
* Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
* Narasimhadeva (919–925)
* Rajamalla III (925–935)
* Butuga II (935–960)
* Takkolam in (949)
* Maruladeva (960–963)
* Marasimha III (963–974)
* Rajamalla IV (974–985)
* Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024), last ruler of dynasty


== Shahi Kingdom (500–1026 CE) ==
==Traikutaka dynasty (c. 370–520 CE)==
{{Main|Shahi Kingdom}}
{{main|Traikutaka dynasty}}
In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:
*[[Turk Shahi]]  (500–850 CE)
*[[Hindu Shahi]]  (850–1026 CE)


=== Turk Shahi dynasty (500–850) ===
The following Traikuta rulers are known from the coins and inscriptions of [[Gupta period|Gupta Empire]]:<ref name="hist">{{cite book |editor1-last=Vanina |editor1-first=Eugenia |title=Indian History |date=1988 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=9788184245684 |pages=409 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_History/MazdaWXQFuQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=abhira&pg=PA409&printsec=frontcover |language=English |format=Audiobook}}</ref>
{{Main|Turk Shahi}}
*[[Nandin Rulers of Gilgit]]  (500–552)
* [[Khingala of Kapisa]]  (535–552)
* [[Patoladeva]] / [[Navasurendradiyta]] (552–575)
* [[Srideva]] / [[Surendra Vikrmadiyta]] (575–605)
* [[Patoladeva]] / [[Vajraditya]]  (605–645)
* [[Barha Tegin]]  (645–680)
* [[Tegin Sha]]  (680–739)
* [[Fromo Kesar]] / [[Gesar]]  (739–755)


=== Hindu Shahi dynasty  (850–1026) ===
* Maharaja Indradatta (415–440 CE)
{{Main|Hindu Shahi}}
* [[Dharasena (ruler)|Maharaja Dahrasena]]
* [[Samantadeva Kallar]] / [[Lalliya]]  (850–895)
* Maharaja Vyaghrasena, son of Dahrasena (480 CE)
* [[Kamalavarmadeva]] / Kamaluka (895–921)
* Maharaja Madhyamasena
* [[Bhimadeva (died 964)|Bhimadeva]] (921–964)
* Vikramasena
* [[Ishtthapala]] (ruled 8 months)
* [[Jayapala]] (964–1001)
* [[Anandapala]] (1001–1010)
* [[Trilochanapala]] (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
* [[Bhimapala]] (died in 1022–1026)


==Pushyabhuti dynasty (500–647)==
==Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)==
{{main|Pushyabhuti dynasty}}
{{main|Vishnukundina dynasty}}


* Pushyabhuti (''Puṣyabhuti''), possibly mythical
* Madhava Varma I (420–455)
*Naravardhana  (500–525 CE)
* Indra Varma (455–461)
*Rajyavardana I  (525–555 CE)
*[[Vishnukundin#Madhava Varma II|Madhava Verma II]] (461–508)
* [[Adityavardhana]] (''Ādityvardhana or Ādityasena'')  (555–580 CE)
* Vikramendra Varma I (508–528)
* [[Prabhakara-vardhana]] (''Prabhākaravardhana'')  (580–605 CE)
* Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–580)
* [[Rajya-vardhana]] (''Rājyavardhana II'')  (605–606 CE)
* Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)<ref name=govt/><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138" />
* [[Harsha-vardhana]] (''Harṣavardhana'') (606–647 CE)
Unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India.


==Eastern Ganga Empire (c. 505–1950 CE)==
==Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)==
{{main|Maitraka dynasty}}


===Eastern Ganga dynasty (c. 505–1434 CE)===
* Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
{{Main|Eastern Ganga dynasty}}
* Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
 
* Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
[[Indravarman I]] is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the ''Jirjingi copper plate grant''.<ref name="govt">{{cite web |title=Detail History of Orissa |url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm |publisher=[[Government of Odisha]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm |archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138">{{cite book |last=Mirashi |first=Vasudev Vishnu |year=1975 |title=Literary and Historical Studies in Indology |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0JUwf2BXVAC&q=Jirjingi&pg=PA138 |page=138 |isbn=978-81-208-0417-3}}</ref>
* Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
 
* Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
* Mittavarman (c. 505–520)
* Guhasena (c. 556–570)
(Eastern Ganga king, feudal under [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] rule)
* Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
*[[Indravarman I]] (c. 520–537)
* Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
(Real founder of dynasty)
* Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
* Samantavarman (c. 537–562)
* Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
* Hastivarman (c. 562–578)
* Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
* [[Indravarman II]] (c. 578–589)
* Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
* Danarnava (c. 589–652)
* Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
* Indravarman III (c. 652–682)
* Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
* Gunarnava (c. 682–730)
* Siladitya II
* Devendravarman I (c. 730–780)
* Siladitya III
* Anantavarman III (c. 780–812)
* Siladitya IV
* Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840)
* Siladitya V
* Devendravarman V (c. 840–895)
* Siladitya VI
* Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–910)
* Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)<ref name="Mahajan">Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). ''Ancient India'', S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, pp.594–6</ref>
* Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 910–939)
 
* Gundama – (c. 939–942)
==Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)==
* Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)
{{main|Rai dynasty}}
* Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)
 
* Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)
*[[Rai Diwa]] ji (Devaditya)
* Kamarnava II (c. 1015–6 months after)
*[[Rai Sahiras]] (Shri Harsha)
* Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)
*[[Rai Sahasi]] (Sinhasena)
* Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)
*[[Rai Sahiras II]], died battling the King of [[Nimroz]]
* Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)
*[[Rai Sahasi II]], the last of the line
* [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] (c. 1077–1147)
 
* Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
==Later Gupta dynasty (c. 490–750 CE)==
* Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)
{{Main|Later Gupta dynasty}}
* Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)
 
* Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)
The known Later Gupta rulers included:{{sfn|Sen|1999|pp=247–248}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Ronald M. Davidson |year=2012 |title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=35 |isbn=978-0-231-50102-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |author-link=Hans T. Bakker |year=2014 |title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ |publisher=BRILL |page=83 |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4 }}
* Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)
</ref>
* [[Anangabhima III|Anangabhima Deva]] III (c. 1211–1238)
* [[Narasimhadeva I|Narasimha Deva I]] (1238–1264)
* Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)
* Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
* Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
* Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
* Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
* Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
* Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)


=== Gudari Kataka ''Ganga State'' ===
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Krishna-gupta (490–505 CE)
{{Main|Gudari, Rayagada}}
* ''Deva Shri'' Harsha-gupta (505–525 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Jivita-gupta I (525–550 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Kumara-gupta (550–560 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Damodara-gupta (560–562 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Mahasena-gupta (562–601 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Madhava-gupta (601–655 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Aditya-sena (655–680 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Deva-gupta (680–700 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Vishnu-gupta (700–725 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Jivita-gupta II (725–750 CE)


According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, ''Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu'' founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at [[Gudari, Rayagada|Gudari]] in modern [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]] district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/119409/15/15_chapter%206.pdf|title=The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
== Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE) ==
{{main|Chalukya dynasty|Eastern Chalukyas|Western Chalukya Empire}}


* Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
{| class="wikitable"
* Svarna Bhanu
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
* Kalasandha Deva
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign !!Capital!!Notes
* Chudanga Deva
|-
* Harimani Deva
|[[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I]]||||500–520||[[Badami]]|| Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern [[Bijapur]] in the early 6th century.
* Narasimha Deva
|-
* Ananta Deva
|[[Ranaraga]]||||520–540||[[Badami]]||
* Padmanabha Deva
|-
* Pitambara Deva
|[[Pulakeshin I]]||||540–567||[[Badami]]|| He ruled parts of the present-day [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]] states in the western [[Deccan]] region of India.
* Vasudeva
|-
* Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
|[[Kirtivarman I]]||||567–592||[[Badami]]|| He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the [[Nalas of Pushkari|Nalas]], the Mauryas of [[Konkan]]a, the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]], the [[Alupa dynasty|Alupas]], and the Gangas of [[Talakadu|Talakad]].
 
|-
=== Chikiti ''Ganga State'' (c. 881–1950 CE)===
|[[Mangalesha]]||[[File:6th century Kannada inscription in cave temple number 3 at Badami.jpg|100px]]||592–610||[[Badami]]||Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the [[Kalachuri dynasty|Kalachuri]] king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the [[Konkan]] coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering [[Redi, Maharashtra|Revati-dvipa]] from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew [[Pulakeshin II]], a son of Kirttivarman I.
{{Main|Chikiti}}
|-
 
|[[Pulakeshin II]]||[[File:Pulikesin II, the Chalukhaya, receives envoys from Persia (1).jpg|100px]]||610–642||[[Badami]]|| Son of [[Kirtivarman I]], he overthrew his uncle [[Mangalesha]] to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]] of [[Banavasi]] in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of [[Konkan]]a. He was victorious against the
Historians conclude that the rulers of [[Chikiti]] were from the line of Ganga ruler '''Hastivarman'''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Panda|first=Dr. Sanjay Kumar|title=Chiktira Sahitya O Sahityika|publisher=Sahitya Swetapadma|year=2014|isbn=978-93-80759-65-4|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=15–16|language=or|trans-title=Chikiti's literature & litterateurs}}</ref><ref>''Genealogical Table of the Zamindaras of Chikiti'', Chikiti Estate. Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba, 28th Nov 1928. Typed by A. Rama Murthi, Clerk, Chikiti Estate.</ref>
powerful northern emperor [[Harshavardhana|Harsha-vardhana]]. He also achieved some successes against the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king [[Narasimhavarman I]].
 
|- bgcolor=#cef
* Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara)
|[[Kubja Vishnuvardhana|Kubja Vishnu-Vardhana I]]||||615/24–641||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
(881–940)
|- bgcolor=#cef
* Balabhadra Rautara
|[[Jayasimha I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I (II)]]||||641–673||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
(941–997)
|-
* Madhaba Rautara
|[[Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)|Adityavarman]]||||642–645||[[Badami]]|| First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]].
(998–1059)
|-
* Languli Rautara
|[[Abhinavaditya]]||||645–646||[[Badami]]|| Son of the predecessor.
(1060–1094)
|-
* Mohana Rautara
|[[Chandraditya (Chalukya dynasty)|Chandraditya]]||||646–649||[[Badami]]|| Second son of Pulakeshin II.
(1095–1143)
|-
* Balarama Rautara
|''[[Vijaya-Bhattarika]]'' (regent)||
(1144–1197)
|rowspan="2"|649–655||[[Badami]]|| Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
* Biswanatha Rautara
|-
(1198–1249)
|A son of Chandraditya||||[[Badami]]||
* Harisarana Rautara
|-
(1250–1272)
|[[Vikramaditya I]]||||655–680||[[Badami]]|| He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the [[Pallavas]] retreat from the capital.
* Raghunatha Rautara
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1273–1313)
|[[Indra Bhattaraka]]||||673||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
* Dinabandhu Rautara
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1314–1364)
|[[Vishnuvardhana II|Vishnu-Vardhana II]]||||673–682||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Gopinatha Rautara
|-
(1365–1417)
|[[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]]||||680–696||[[Badami]]|| He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
* Ramachandra Rautara
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1418–1464)
|[[Mangi Yuvaraja]]||||682–706||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Narayana Rautara
|-
(1465–1530)
|[[Vijayaditya|Vijayaditya I]]||||696–733||[[Badami]]|| His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
* Narasingha Rautara
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1531–1583)
|[[Jayasimha II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha III]]||||706–718||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Lokanatha Rautara
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1584–1633)
|[[Kokkli]]||||718–719||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Jadumani Rautara
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1634–1691)
|[[Vishnuvardhana III|Vishnu-Vardhana III]]||||719–755||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
|-  
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba
|[[Vikramaditya II]]||[[File:8th century Kannada inscription on victory pillar at Pattadakal.jpg|100px]]||733–746||[[Badami]]|| Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of [[Kanchipuram]], in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
(1737–1769)
|-  
* Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
|[[Kirtivarman II|Kirtivarman II Rahappa]]||||746- 757||[[Badami]]|| His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the [[Rashtrakutas]], who ended the power of the family in Badami.
* Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
|- bgcolor=#cef
* Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
|[[Vijayaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya I (II)]]||||755–772||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba
|- bgcolor=#cef
(1832–1835)
|[[Vishnuvardhana IV|Vishnu-Vardhana IV]]||||755–808||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
|- bgcolor=#cef
* Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
|[[Vijayaditya II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya II (III)]]||||808–847||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| His first military victories against the [[Rashtrakutas]] made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
* Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
|- bgcolor=#cef
* Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
|[[Vishnuvardhana V|Kali Vishnu-Vardhana V]]||||847–849||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
* Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
|- bgcolor=#cef
* Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba
|[[Vijayaditya III (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya III (IV)]]||
(1923–1934)
|rowspan="3"|849–892||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
* Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba
|rowspan="3"|Brothers, ruled together.  
(1934–1950)
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vikramaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya I (III)]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Yuddhamalla I]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Bhima I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima I]]||||892–921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the [[Rashtrakutas]].
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya IV (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya IV (V)]]||||921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Amma (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Amma I]]||
|rowspan="2"|921–927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|rowspan="2"| Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishnuvardhana VI|Vishnu-Vardhana VI]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya V (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya V (VI)]]||||927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Ruled for fifteen days.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Tadapa]]||||927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Ruled for a month.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vikramaditya II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya II (IV)]]||||927–928||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Bhima II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima II]]||||928–929||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Yuddhamalla II]]||||929–935||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Bhima III (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima III]]||||935–947||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Amma II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Amma II]]||||947–970||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Danarnava]]||||970–973||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the [[Chola Empire]].
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Tailapa II|Tailapa II Ahvamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 913 (c.991 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Ahvamalla Tailapa II.JPG|100px]]||973–997||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| 6th great-grandson of [[Vijayaditya I]]. Ousted the [[Rashtrakutas]] in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Jata Choda Bhima]]||||973–999||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Satyashraya]]||||997–1008||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Shaktivarman I]]||||999–1011||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing [[Chola Empire|Chola influence]] in Vengi kingdom.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Vikramaditya V]]||||1008–1015||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vimaladitya]]||||1011–1018||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of [[Rajaraja I]] from the [[Chola Empire]].
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II (III)]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 957 (c.1035 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jayasimha II.JPG|100px]]||1015–1043||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of [[Kannada literature]]. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the [[Deccan]].
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Rajaraja Narendra]]||[[File:King Rajaraja Narendra founder of rajahmundry city.jpg|100px]]||1018–1061||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the [[Western Chalukyas]]. His own son managed to succeed in the [[Chola Empire]], in 1070, as [[Kulottunga I]], beginning the [[Later Cholas]] period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara I|Someshvara I Trilokyamalla]]||[[File:Western Chalukyas of Kalyana King Somesvara I Trailokyamalla 1043-1068.jpg|100px]]||1042–1068||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| His several military successes in [[Central India]] made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Shaktivarman II]]||||1061–1062||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya VI (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya VII]]||||1062–1075||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with support from [[Western Chalukyas]].
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara II|Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 990 (c.1068 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Bhuvanaikamalla Someshvara II.JPG|100px]]||1068–1076||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Rajaraja (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Rajaraja]]||||1075–1079||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Vikramaditya VI|Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1108 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI.jpg|100px]]||1076–1126||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous [[Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]] poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, [[Athirajendra Chola]], on the [[Chola Empire]] throne.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishuvardhana VII|Vishnu-Vardhana VII]]||||1079–1102||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara III]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (1129 AD) at Kedareshvara temple in Balligavi.JPG|100px]]||1126–1138||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text ''[[Manasollasa]]'' touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Jagadhekamalla II]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II.JPG|100px]]||1138–1151||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Tailapa III]]||||1151–1164||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Jagadhekamalla III]]||||1164–1183||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the [[Southern Kalachuris]] under [[Bijjala II]] who took control of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]]. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara IV]]||[[File:Chalukyas of Kalyana (Western Chalukyas) Possibly King Somesvara IV Chalukya. 1181-4 1189.jpg|100px]]||1183–1200||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, [[Seuna]], [[Hoysala]] and the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.
|-
|}
 
== Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE) ==
{{Main|Shahi Kingdom}}
 
In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were [[Hindu]] dynasties) from:
*[[Turk Shahi]] (c. 500–850 CE)
*[[Hindu Shahi]] (c. 850–1026 CE)


=== Parlakhemundi ''Ganga State'' (c. 1309–1950)===
=== Turk Shahi dynasty (c. 500–850 CE) ===
{{Main|Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers}}
{{Main|Turk Shahi}}


[[Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers|Parlakhemundi]] state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/parlakhimedi.html|title=PARLA KHIMEDI (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="GAJAPATI">{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Gajapati_Gazetteer.pdf |page=51 |date=2002 }}</ref>
*[[Nandin Rulers of Gilgit]]   (500–552)
* [[Khingala of Kapisa]]  (535–552)
* [[Patoladeva]] / [[Navasurendradiyta]] (552–575)
* [[Srideva]] / [[Surendra Vikrmadiyta]] (575–605)
* [[Patoladeva]] / [[Vajraditya]]  (605–645)
* [[Barha Tegin]]  (645–680)
* [[Tegin Sha]]  (680–739)
* [[Fromo Kesar]] / [[Gesar]]  (739–755)


* Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
=== Hindu Shahi dynasty (c. 850–1026 CE) ===
* Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
{{Main|Hindu Shahi}}
* Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
* Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
* Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
* Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
* Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
* Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
* Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
* Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
* Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
* Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
* Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
* Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
* Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
* Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
* Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
* Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
* [[Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II]]  (1736–1771)
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
* Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
* Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
(1913–1950)


====Titular Rulers====
* [[Samantadeva Kallar]] / [[Lalliya]]  (850–895), first ruler of dynasty
* [[Kamalavarmadeva]] / Kamaluka (895–921)
* [[Bhimadeva (died 964)|Bhimadeva]] (921–964)
* [[Ishtthapala]] (ruled 8 months)
* [[Jayapala]] (964–1001)
* [[Anandapala]] (1001–1010)
* [[Trilochanapala]] (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
* [[Bhimapala]] (died in 1022–1026), last ruler of dynasty


* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
== Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 500–647 CE) ==
(1950 – 25 May 1974)
{{main|Pushyabhuti dynasty}}
* [[Gopinath Gajapati|Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
(25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
* [[Kalyani Gajpati|Kalyani Gajapati]]
(10 January 2020–present)


==Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE) ==
* Pushyabhuti (''Puṣyabhuti''), possibly mythical
{{main|Jaintia Kingdom}}
*Naravardhana  (500–525 CE)
 
*Rajyavardana I  (525–555 CE)
===Old dynasty===
* [[Adityavardhana]] (''Ādityvardhana or Ādityasena'')  (555–580 CE)
#Urmi Rani (?-550)
* [[Prabhakara-vardhana]] (''Prabhākaravardhana'')  (580–605 CE)
#Krishak Pator (550–570)
* [[Rajya-vardhana]] (''Rājyavardhana II'') (605–606 CE)
#Hatak (570–600)
* [[Harsha-vardhana]] (''Harṣavardhana'') (606–647 CE), Unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India.
#Guhak (600–630)
 
==Eastern Ganga Empire (c. 505–1950 CE)==


===Partitioned Jaintia===
===Eastern Ganga dynasty (c. 505–1434 CE)===
#Jayanta (630–660)
{{Main|Eastern Ganga dynasty}}
#Joymalla (660-?)
#Mahabal (?)
#Bancharu (?-1100)
#Kamadeva (1100–1120)
#Bhimbal (1120)


===Brahmin dynasty===
[[Indravarman I]] is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the ''Jirjingi copper plate grant''.<ref name="govt">{{cite web |title=Detail History of Orissa |url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm |publisher=[[Government of Odisha]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm |archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138">{{cite book |last=Mirashi |first=Vasudev Vishnu |year=1975 |title=Literary and Historical Studies in Indology |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0JUwf2BXVAC&q=Jirjingi&pg=PA138 |page=138 |isbn=978-81-208-0417-3}}</ref>
#Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
#Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
#Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
#Manik Rai (1170–1193)
#Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
#Jayanti Devi
#Bara Gossain


===New dynasty===
* Mittavarman (c. 505–520)
#Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
(Eastern Ganga king, feudal under [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] rule)
#Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
*[[Indravarman I]] (c. 520–537)
#Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
(Real founder of dynasty)
#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
* Samantavarman (c. 537–562)
#Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
* Hastivarman (c. 562–578)
#Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
* [[Indravarman II]] (c. 578–589)
#Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
* Danarnava (c. 589–652)
#Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
* Indravarman III (c. 652–682)
#Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
* Gunarnava (c. 682–730)
#Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
* Devendravarman I (c. 730–780)
#Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
* Anantavarman III (c. 780–812)
#Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
* Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840)
#Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
* Devendravarman V (c. 840–895)
#Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
* Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–910)
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
* Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 910–939)
#Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
* Gundama – (c. 939–942)
#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
* Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)
#Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
* Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)
#Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
* Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)
#Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
* Kamarnava II (c. 1015–6 months after)
#Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
* Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
* Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)
#Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)<ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf</ref><ref>http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html</ref>
* Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)
 
* [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] (c. 1077–1147)
==Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (c. 550–1036 CE)==
* Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}
* Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)
 
* Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)
===Mandor Branch (c. 550–880 CE)===
* Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)
 
* Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)
*Harishchandra Pratihara, (535–560 or 550–575)
* [[Anangabhima III|Anangabhima Deva]] III (c. 1211–1238)
*Rajjila Pratihara, (575–600)
* [[Narasimhadeva I|Narasimha Deva I]] (1238–1264)
*Nerabhatta Pratihara, (600–625)
* Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)
*Naggabhatta Pratihara, (625–650)
* Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
*Tate Pratihara, (650–675)
* Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
*Yashovardhan Pratihara, (675–700)
* Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
*Chanduka Pratihara, (700–725)
* Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
*Shiluka Pratihara, (725–750)
* Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
*Jhotta Pratihara, (750–775)
* Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)
*Bhilladhai Pratihara, (775–800)
*Kake Pratihara, (800–825)
*Baauka Pratihara, (825–850)
*Kakkuka Pratihara, (850–880)
 
===Baddoch Branch (c. 600–700 CE)===


*Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
=== Gudari Kataka ''Ganga State'' ===
*Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
{{Main|Gudari, Rayagada}}
*Jaibhatta (655–700)


===Bhinmala Branch (c. 725–1036 CE)===
According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, ''Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu'' founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at [[Gudari, Rayagada|Gudari]] in modern [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]] district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/119409/15/15_chapter%206.pdf|title=The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>


*[[Nagabhata I]] (725–756)
* Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
*[[Kakustha (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Kakustha]] (756–765)
* Svarna Bhanu
*[[Devaraja (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Devaraja]] (765–778)
* Kalasandha Deva
*[[Vatsaraja]] (778–805)
* Chudanga Deva
*[[Nagabhata II]] (800–833)
* Harimani Deva
*[[Ramabhadra]] (833–836)
* Narasimha Deva
*[[Mihira Bhoja]] (836–890)
* Ananta Deva
*[[Mahendrapala I]] (890–910)
* Padmanabha Deva
*[[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (910–913)
* Pitambara Deva
*[[Mahipala I]] (913–944)
* Vasudeva
*[[Mahendrapala II]] (944–948)
* Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
*Devpala (948–954)
*Vinaykpala (954–955)
*Mahipala II (955–956)
*Vijaypala II (956–960)
*Rajapala (960–1018)
*Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
*Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)


===Rajogarh Branch===
=== Chikiti ''Ganga State'' (c. 881–1950 CE)===
''NOTE: Badegujar were rulers of [[Rajogarh]]''
{{Main|Chikiti}}


*[[Parmeshver Manthandev]], (885–915)
Historians conclude that the rulers of [[Chikiti]] were from the line of Ganga ruler '''Hastivarman'''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Panda|first=Dr. Sanjay Kumar|title=Chiktira Sahitya O Sahityika|publisher=Sahitya Swetapadma|year=2014|isbn=978-93-80759-65-4|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=15–16|language=or|trans-title=Chikiti's literature & litterateurs}}</ref><ref>''Genealogical Table of the Zamindaras of Chikiti'', Chikiti Estate. Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba, 28th Nov 1928. Typed by A. Rama Murthi, Clerk, Chikiti Estate.</ref>
*No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev


== Kingdom of Mewar (c. 550–1947 CE) ==
* Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara)
{{Main|Guhila|Sisodia}}
(881–940)
{{see also|Rajput|Udaipur State|Mewar}}
* Balabhadra Rautara
 
(941–997)
In the 6th century, three different ''Guhila dynasties'' are known to have ruled in present-day [[Rajasthan]]:
* Madhaba Rautara
 
(998–1059)
*''Guhilas of [[Nagda]]-[[Ahar]],''
* Languli Rautara
*''Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern [[Kalyanpur, Rajasthan|Kalyanpur]]),''
(1060–1094)
*''Guhilas of Dhavagarta (present-day [[Dhor]]).''
* Mohana Rautara
 
(1095–1143)
=== Guhila dynasty (c. 550–1303 CE) ===
* Balarama Rautara
{{Main|Guhila dynasty}}
(1144–1197)
 
* Biswanatha Rautara
*Bappaka  (550–566)
(1198–1249)
*Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580) ''(Real founder of the dynasty)''
* Harisarana Rautara
*Bhoja  (580–602)
(1250–1272)
*Mahendra (I)  (602–616)
* Raghunatha Rautara
*Nāga  (616–646)
(1273–1313)
*Śiladitya  (646–661 )
* Dinabandhu Rautara
*Aparājita  (661–697 )
(1314–1364)
*Mahendra (II)  (697–728)
* Gopinatha Rautara
*''[[Bappa Rawal]]'' /  Kālabhoja  (728–753)
(1365–1417)
*Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)
* Ramachandra Rautara
*Mattaṭa  (773–790)
(1418–1464)
*Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I)  (790–813)
* Narayana Rautara
*Rawalsiṃha  (813–820)
(1465–1530)
*Khommāṇa (II)  (820–853)
* Narasingha Rautara
*Mahāyaka  (853–900)
(1531–1583)
*Khommāṇa (III)  (900–942)
* Lokanatha Rautara
*Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II)  (942–943 CE)
(1584–1633)
*Allaṭa (943–953 )
* Jadumani Rautara
*Naravāhana  (953–971 )
(1634–1691)
*Śalivāhana   (971–977 )
* Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
*Śaktikumāra  (977–993 )
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba
*Āmraprasāda  (993–998)
(1737–1769)
*Śuchivarman  (998–1010)
* Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
*Naravarman  (1010–1035)
* Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
*Kīrtivarman  (1035–1050)
* Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
*Yogarāja  (1050–1075)
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba
*Vairaṭa (1075–1090)
(1832–1835)
*Vaṃśapāla  (1090–1100)
* Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
*Vairisiṃha   (1100–1122)
* Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
*Vijayasiṃha  (1122–1130)
* Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
*Vairisiṃha (II)  (1130–1136)
* Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
*Arisiṃha  (1136–1145)
* Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
*Choḍa  (1145–1151)
* Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba
*Vikramasiṃha   (1151–1158)
(1923–1934)
*[[Raṇasiṃha]]  (1158–1165 )<ref>{{cite book |author=Anil Chandra Banerjee |year=1958 |title=Medieval studies |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693 |publisher=A. Mukherjee & Co. |page=15 |oclc=4469888}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=N. P. Chakravarti |author-link=N. P. Chakravarti |year=1987 |orig-year=1958 |chapter=Appendix: Rajaprasasti Inscription of Udaipur (Continued from Vol. XXIX, Part V) |editor1=N. Lakshminarayan Rao |editor2=D. C. Sircar |title=Epigraphia Indica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=XXX |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=119–121}}</ref>{{sfn|Anil Chandra Banerjee|1958|pp=14–15}}
* Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba
(1934–1950)


=== Branching of Guhil Dynasty ===
=== Parlakhemundi ''Ganga State'' (c. 1309–1950)===
{{Main|Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers}}


* [[Ranasingh]] (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
[[Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers|Parlakhemundi]] state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/parlakhimedi.html|title=PARLA KHIMEDI (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="GAJAPATI">{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Gajapati_Gazetteer.pdf |page=51 |date=2002 }}</ref>
* '''First (Rawal Branch)—'''Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
* '''Second (Rana Branch)—'''Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases.  Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called Sisodia.{{sfn|N. P. Chakravarti|1987|pp=119–121}}{{sfn|Anil Chandra Banerjee|1958|pp=14–15}}


==== Post-split Rawal branch (c. 1165–1303 CE) ====
* Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
 
* Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
*Kṣemasiṃha   (1165–1172)
* Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
*Sāmantasiṃha  (1172–1179)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
*Kumārasiṃha  (1179–1185)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
*Mathanasiṃha  (1185–1201)
* Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
*Padmasiṃha  (1201–1213)
* Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
*[[Jaitrasiṃha]]  (1213–1261)
* Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
*[[Tejasiṃha]]  (1261–1273)
* Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
*[[Samarasiṃha]]  (1273–1301)
* Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
*[[Ratnasiṃha]] (1301–1303).{{sfn|N. P. Chakravarti|1987|p=121}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Akshaya Keerty Vyas |year=1937 |chapter=First and Third Slabs of Kumbhalgarh Inscription V.S. 1517 |editor=N. P. Chakravarti |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=XXIV |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=312–313}}</ref>
* Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
 
* Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
=== Rana branch (c. 1160–1326 CE) ===
* Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
* Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
* Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
* Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
* Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
* Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
* Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)  
* Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
* [[Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II]]  (1736–1771)
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
* Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
* Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
(1913–1950)


''Rahapa'', a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
====Titular Rulers====


*Rahapa/Karna (1160)
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
*Narapati (1185)
(1950 – 25 May 1974)
*Dinakara (1200)
* [[Gopinath Gajapati|Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
*Jasakarna (1218)
(25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
*Nagapala (1238)
* [[Kalyani Gajpati|Kalyani Gajapati]]
*Karnapala (1266)
(10 January 2020–present)
*Bhuvanasimha (1280)
*Bhimasimha (1297)
*Jayasimha (1312)
*Lakhanasimha (1318)
*Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)
*[[Hammir Singh]] (1326)<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |year=1957 |chapter=Northern India During The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries |editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=The Struggle for Empire |series=The History and Culture of the Indian People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQtuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=91 |oclc=26241249}}</ref>


=== Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326–1947 CE) ===
==Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE) ==
{{Main|Sisodia}}
{{main|Jaintia Kingdom}}


* [[Hammir Singh]] (1326–1364)
===Old dynasty===
* [[Kshetra Singh]] (1364–1382)
#Urmi Rani (?-550)
* [[Lakha Singh]] (1382–1421)
#Krishak Pator (550–570)
* [[Mokal Singh]] (1421–1433)
#Hatak (570–600)
* [[Rana Kumbha]] (1433–1468)
#Guhak (600–630)
* [[Udai Singh I]] (1468–1473)
* [[Rana Raimal]] (1473–1508)
* [[Rana Sanga]] (1508–1527), ''Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ratan Singh II]] (1528–1531)
* [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya Singh]] (1531–1536)
* [[Vanvir Singh]] (1536–1540)
* [[Udai Singh II]] (1540–1572)
* [[Maharana Pratap]] (1572–1597), ''13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.''
* [[Amar Singh I]] (1597–1620)
* [[Karan Singh II]] (1620–1628)
* [[Jagat Singh I]] (1628–1652)
* [[Raj Singh I]] (1652–1680)
* [[Jai Singh of Mewar|Jai Singh]] (1680–1698)
* [[Amar Singh II]] (1698–1710)
* [[Sangram Singh II]] (1710–1734)
* [[Jagat Singh II]] (1734–1751)
* [[Pratap Singh II]] (1751–1754)
* [[Raj Singh II]] (1754–1762)
* [[Ari Singh II]] (1762–1772)
* [[Hamir Singh II]] (1772–1778)
* [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]] (1778–1828)
* [[Jawan Singh]] (1828–1838)
* [[Sardar Singh]] (1838–1842)
* [[Swarup Singh of Udaipur]] (1842–1861)
* [[Shambhu Singh]] (1861–1874)
* [[Sajjan Singh of Udaipur|Sajjan Singh]] (1874–1884)
* [[Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar|Fateh Singh]] (1884–1930)
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1930–1947)


=== Titular Maharanas ===
===Partitioned Jaintia===
 
#Jayanta (630–660)
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1947–1955)
#Joymalla (660-?)
* [[Bhagwat Singh Mewar]]
#Mahabal (?)
* [[Mahendra Singh Mewar]]
#Bancharu (?-1100)
#Kamadeva (1100–1120)
#Bhimbal (1120)


==Gauda Kingdom (c. 590–626 CE)==
===Brahmin dynasty===
#Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
#Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
#Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
#Manik Rai (1170–1193)
#Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
#Jayanti Devi
#Bara Gossain


{{Main|Gauda Kingdom}}
===New dynasty===
* [[Shashanka]] (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of [[Bengal]], created the first unified political entity in [[Bengal]]
#Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by [[Harshavardhana]] and [[Bhaskarvarman]]
#Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
 
#Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
==Brahman dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)==
#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
{{main|Brahman dynasty of Sindh}}
#Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
 
#Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:<ref name="Wink">{{cite book |last1=Wink |first1=André |author-link=André  Wink |year=1996 |orig-year=First published 1990 |title=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=I |edition=3rd |publisher=BRILL |pages=152–153 |isbn=978-90-04-09249-5}}</ref>
#Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
* [[Chach of Alor|Chach]] (632-671 CE)
#Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
* [[Chandar of Sindh|Chandar]] (671-679 CE)
#Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
* [[Raja Dahir|Dāhir]] (679-712 CE) from [[Aror|Alor]]
#Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
*'''Under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]''':
#Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
* Dahirsiya (679-709 CE) from [[Brahmanabad]]
#Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
* Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
#Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
* Shishah (till 724 CE)
#Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
 
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
==Karkota Empire of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)==
#Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
{{main|Karkota Empire|Kashmir}}
#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
 
#Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
*Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)  
#Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
*Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
#Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
*Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
#Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
*Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
*[[Lalitaditya Muktapida]] (724–760),  (built the famous [[Martand Sun Temple]] in [[Kashmir]])
#Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Laloo |first=Betty |date=20 July 2016 |title=Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions |type=PhD |chapter=III: Early Jaintia State Formation |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |title=Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends |website=Mesmerizing Meghalaya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812044724/http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |archive-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
*Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
 
*Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
== Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550–1036 CE) ==
*Prithivyapida I (768–772)
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}
*Sangramapida (772–779)
*Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
*Lalitapida (813–825)
*Sangramapida II (825–832)
*Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)


;Other puppet rulers under [[Utpala dynasty]] are:
===Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (c. 550–860 CE) ===
{{main|Pratiharas of Mandavyapura}}


*Ajitapida
[[R. C. Majumdar]], on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers ([[IAST]] names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
*Anangapida
*Utpalapida
*Sukhavarma


==Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)==
* Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
{{Main|Mallabhum}}
* Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
* Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
* Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
* Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
* Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
* Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
* Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
* Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
* Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
* Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
* Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
* Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler


Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the [[Malla (Ancient India)|Malla]] kings of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], primarily in the present [[Bankura district]] in Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bishnupur |title=Bishnupur |quote="Mallabhum kingdom" |website=Britannica }}</ref> (also known as '''Mallabhoom''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steemers |first1=Koen |title=Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ...|publisher=James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd|isbn=1902916166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ee4XH1wFFFYC&q=Mallabhoom&pg=PA377|page=377|year=2000 }}</ref>
=== Pratiharas of Bhinmala (Kannauj) (c. 730–1036 CE) ===
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}


{| class="wikitable"
;List of rulers–
!Name of the king<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Gautam Kumar |last2=Biswas |first2=Samira |last3=Mallik |first3=Rabiranjan |year=2009 |title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18 |publisher=A Mittal Publication |pages=31–43 |isbn=978-81-8324-294-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallik|first1=Abhaya Pada|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal|date=1921|publisher=Calcutta|pages=128–130|edition=the University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>
*[[Nagabhata I]] (730–756), founder of dynasty
! Reign
*[[Kakustha (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Kakustha]] (756–765)
!Notes
*[[Devaraja (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Devaraja]] (765–778)
|-
*[[Vatsaraja]] (778–805)
|[[Adi Malla]]
*[[Nagabhata II]] (800–833)
|694–710
*[[Ramabhadra]] (833–836)
|
*[[Mihira Bhoja]] (836–890), Greatest ruler of dynasty
|-
*[[Mahendrapala I]] (890–910)
|[[Jay Malla]]
*[[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (910–913)
|710–720
*[[Mahipala I]] (913–944)
|
*[[Mahendrapala II]] (944–948)
|-
*[[Devpala]] (948–954)
|Benu Malla
*[[Vinaykpala]] (954–955)
|720–733
*[[Mahipala II]] (955–956)
|
*[[Vijaypala II]] (956–960)
|-
*[[Rajapala]] (960–1018)
|[[Kinu Malla]]
*[[Trilochanpala]] (1018–1027)
|733–742
*[[Jasapala]] (Yashpala) (1024–1036), last ruler of dynasty
|
 
|-
===Other Pratihara Branches===
|Indra Malla
 
|742–757
;Baddoch Branch (c. 600–700 CE)
|
Known Baddoch rulers are-
|-
 
|[[Kanu Malla]]
*[[Dhaddha]] 1 (600–627)
|757–764
*Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
|
*[[Jaibhatta]] (655–700)
|-
 
|Dha (Jhau) Malla
;Rajogarh Branch
|764–775
Badegujar were rulers of [[Rajogarh]]
|
 
|-
*[[Parmeshver Manthandev]], (885–915)
|[[Shur Malla]]
*No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev
|775–795
 
|
== Kingdom of Mewar (c. 550–1947 CE) ==
|-
{{Main|Guhila|Sisodia}}
|Kanak Malla
{{see also|Rajput|Udaipur State|Mewar}}
|795–807
 
|
In the 6th century, three different ''Guhila dynasties'' are known to have ruled in present-day [[Rajasthan]]:
|-
 
|Kandarpa Malla
*''Guhilas of [[Nagda]]-[[Ahar]],''
|807–828
*''Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern [[Kalyanpur, Rajasthan|Kalyanpur]]),''
|
*''Guhilas of Dhavagarta (present-day [[Dhor]]).''
|-
 
|Sanatan Malla
=== Guhila dynasty (c. 550–1303 CE) ===
|828–841
{{Main|Guhila dynasty}}
|
 
|-
*Bappaka  (550–566)
|[[Kharga Malla]]
*Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580) ''(Real founder of the dynasty)''
|841–862
*Bhoja  (580–602)
|
*Mahendra (I)  (602–616)
|-
*Nāga  (616–646)
|Durjan (Durjay) Malla
*Śiladitya  (646–661 )
|862–906
*Aparājita  (661–697 )
|
*Mahendra (II)  (697–728)
|-
*''[[Bappa Rawal]]'' /  Kālabhoja  (728–753)
|[[Yadav Malla]]
*Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)
|906–919
*Mattaṭa  (773–790)
|
*Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I)  (790–813)
|-
*Rawalsiṃha  (813–820)
|Jagannath Malla
*Khommāṇa (II)  (820–853)
|919–931
*Mahāyaka  (853–900)
|
*Khommāṇa (III)  (900–942)
|-
*Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II)  (942–943 CE)
|Birat Malla
*Allaṭa (943–953 )
|931–946
*Naravāhana  (953–971 )
|
*Śalivāhana   (971–977 )
|-
*Śaktikumāra  (977–993 )
|Mahadev Malla
*Āmraprasāda  (993–998)
|946–977
*Śuchivarman  (998–1010)
|
*Naravarman  (1010–1035)
|-
*Kīrtivarman  (1035–1050)
|Durgadas Malla
*Yogarāja  (1050–1075)
|977–994
*Vairaṭa (1075–1090)
|
*Vaṃśapāla  (1090–1100)
|-
*Vairisiṃha   (1100–1122)
|[[Jagat Malla]]
*Vijayasiṃha  (1122–1130)
|994–1007
*Vairisiṃha (II)  (1130–1136)
|
*Arisiṃha  (1136–1145)
|-
*Choḍa  (1145–1151)
|Ananta Malla
*Vikramasiṃha   (1151–1158)
|1007–1015
*[[Raṇasiṃha]] (1158–1165 )<ref>{{cite book |author=Anil Chandra Banerjee |year=1958 |title=Medieval studies |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693 |publisher=A. Mukherjee & Co. |page=15 |oclc=4469888}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=N. P. Chakravarti |author-link=N. P. Chakravarti |year=1987 |orig-year=1958 |chapter=Appendix: Rajaprasasti Inscription of Udaipur (Continued from Vol. XXIX, Part V) |editor1=N. Lakshminarayan Rao |editor2=D. C. Sircar |title=Epigraphia Indica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=XXX |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=119–121}}</ref>{{sfn|Anil Chandra Banerjee|1958|pp=14–15}}
|
 
|-
=== Branching of Guhil Dynasty ===
|Rup Malla
 
|1015=1029
* [[Ranasingh]]  (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
|
* '''First (Rawal Branch)—'''Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
|-
* '''Second (Rana Branch)—'''Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases.  Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called Sisodia.{{sfn|N. P. Chakravarti|1987|pp=119–121}}{{sfn|Anil Chandra Banerjee|1958|pp=14–15}}
|Sundar Malla
 
|1029–1053
==== Post-split Rawal branch (c. 1165–1303 CE) ====
|
 
|-
*Kṣemasiṃha   (1165–1172)
|Kumud Malla
*Sāmantasiṃha  (1172–1179)
|1053–1074
*Kumārasiṃha  (1179–1185)
|
*Mathanasiṃha  (1185–1201)
|-
*Padmasiṃha  (1201–1213)
|Krishna Malla
*[[Jaitrasimha]] (1213–1252)
|1074–1084
*[[Tejasimha]]  (1252–1273)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ramavallabha |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |publisher=Mateshwari Publications |year=1976 |location=India |pages=82 |language=English}}</ref>
|
*[[Rawal Samarasimha|Samarasimha]] (1273–1301)
|-
*[[Ratnasimha]] (1301–1303).{{sfn|N. P. Chakravarti|1987|p=121}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Akshaya Keerty Vyas |year=1937 |chapter=First and Third Slabs of Kumbhalgarh Inscription V.S. 1517 |editor=N. P. Chakravarti |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=XXIV |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=312–313}}</ref>
|Rup II (Jhap) Malla
 
|1084–1097
=== Rana branch (c. 1160–1326 CE) ===
|
 
|-
''Rahapa'', a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
|[[Prakash Malla]]
 
|1097–1102
*Rahapa/Karna (1160)
|
*Narapati (1185)
|-
*Dinakara (1200)
|Pratap Malla
*Jasakarna (1218)
|1102–1113
*Nagapala (1238)
|
*Karnapala (1266)
|-
*Bhuvanasimha (1280)
|Sindur Malla
*Bhimasimha (1297)
|1113–1129
*Jayasimha (1312)
|
*Lakhanasimha (1318)
|-
*Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)
|Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla
*[[Hammir Singh]] (1326)<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |year=1957 |chapter=Northern India During The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries |editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=The Struggle for Empire |series=The History and Culture of the Indian People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQtuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=91 |oclc=26241249}}</ref>
|1129–1142
 
|
=== Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326–1947 CE) ===
|-
{{Main|Sisodia}}
|Banamali Malla
 
|1142–1156
* [[Hammir Singh]] (1326–1364)
|
* [[Kshetra Singh]] (1364–1382)
|-
* [[Lakha Singh]] (1382–1421)
|Yadu/Jadu Malla
* [[Mokal Singh]] (1421–1433)
|1156–1167
* [[Rana Kumbha]] (1433–1468)
|
* [[Udai Singh I]] (1468–1473)
|-
* [[Rana Raimal|Raimal Singh]] (1473–1508)
|Jiban Malla
* [[Rana Sanga|Sangram Singh I]] (1508–1527), ''Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
|1167–1185
* [[Ratan Singh II]] (1528–1531)
|
* [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya Singh]] (1531–1536)
|-
* [[Vanvir Singh]] (1536–1540)
|[[Ram Malla]]
* [[Udai Singh II]] (1540–1572)
|1185=1209
* [[Maharana Pratap|Pratap Singh I]] (1572–1597), ''13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.''
|
* [[Amar Singh I]] (1597–1620)
|-
* [[Karan Singh II]] (1620–1628)
|Gobinda Malla
* [[Jagat Singh I]] (1628–1652)
|1209–1240
* [[Raj Singh I]] (1652–1680)
|
* [[Jai Singh of Mewar|Jai Singh]] (1680–1698)
|-
* [[Amar Singh II]] (1698–1710)
|[[Bhim Malla]]
* [[Sangram Singh II]] (1710–1734)
|1240–1263
* [[Jagat Singh II]] (1734–1751)
|
* [[Pratap Singh II]] (1751–1754)
|-
* [[Raj Singh II]] (1754–1762)
|Katar(Khattar) Malla
* [[Ari Singh II]] (1762–1772)
|1263–1295
* [[Hamir Singh II]] (1772–1778)
|
* [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]] (1778–1828)
|-
* [[Jawan Singh]] (1828–1838)
|[[Prithwi Malla]]
* [[Sardar Singh]] (1838–1842)
|1295 -1319
* [[Swarup Singh of Udaipur]] (1842–1861)
|
* [[Shambhu Singh]] (1861–1874)
|-
* [[Sajjan Singh of Udaipur|Sajjan Singh]] (1874–1884)
|Tapa Malla
* [[Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar|Fateh Singh]] (1884–1930)
|1319–1334
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1930–1947)
|
 
|-
=== Titular Maharanas ===
|[[Dinabandhu Malla]]
 
|1334–1345
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1947–1955)
|
* [[Bhagwat Singh Mewar]]
|-
* [[Mahendra Singh Mewar]]
|Kinu/Kanu II Malla
 
|1345–1358
==Gauda Kingdom (c. 590–626 CE)==
|
 
|-
{{Main|Gauda Kingdom}}
|Shur Malla II
* [[Shashanka]] (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of [[Bengal]], created the first unified political entity in [[Bengal]]
|1358–1370
* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by [[Harshavardhana]] and [[Bhaskarvarman]]
|
 
|-
==Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)==
|[[Shiv Singh Malla]]
{{main|Brahman dynasty of Sindh}}
|1370–1407
 
|
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:<ref name="Wink">{{cite book |last1=Wink |first1=André |author-link=André  Wink |year=1996 |orig-year=First published 1990 |title=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=I |edition=3rd |publisher=BRILL |pages=152–153 |isbn=978-90-04-09249-5}}</ref>
|-
* [[Chach of Alor|Chach]] (632–671 CE)
|[[Madan Malla]]
* [[Chandar of Sindh|Chandar]] (671–679 CE)
|1407–1420
* [[Raja Dahir|Dāhir]] (679–712 CE) from [[Aror|Alor]]
|
;Under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]:
|-
* Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from [[Brahmanabad]]
|Durjan II (Durjay) Malla
* Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
|1420–1437
* Shishah (till 724 CE)
|
 
|-
==Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)==
|Uday Malla
{{main|Karkota dynasty|Kashmir}}
|1437–1460
 
|
*Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
|-
*Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
|[[Chandra Malla]]
*Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
|1460–1501
*Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
|
*[[Lalitaditya Muktapida]] (724–760),  (built the famous [[Martand Sun Temple]] in [[Kashmir]])
|-
*Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
|[[Bir Malla]]
*Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
|1501–1554
*Prithivyapida I (768–772)
|
*Sangramapida (772–779)
|-
*Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
|[[Dhari Malla]]
*Lalitapida (813–825)
|1554–1565
*Sangramapida II (825–832)
|
*Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)
|-
 
|[[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)]]
;Other puppet rulers under [[Utpala dynasty]] are:
|1565–1620
 
|
*Ajitapida
|-
*Anangapida
|[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
*Utpalapida
|1620–1626
*Sukhavarma
|
 
|-
== Chahamana (Chauhan) Empire (c. 650–1315 CE) ==
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
{{main|Chauhan}}
|1626–1656
 
|
''The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-''
|-
 
|[[Bir Singha Dev]]
*[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] (Chauhans of [[Ajmer]])
|1656–1682
* [[Chahamanas of Naddula]] (Chauhans of [[Nadol]])
|
* [[Chahamanas of Jalor]] (Chauhans of [[Jalore Fort|Jalore]]); branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
|-
* [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura]] (Chauhans of [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]]); branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
|[[Durjan Singha Dev]]
* Chahamanas of [[Lata (region)|Lata]]
|1682–1702
* Chahamanas of [[Dholpur]]
|
* Chahamanas of Partabgarh
|-
 
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev II]]
=== Chahamanas of Shakambhari (c. 650–1194 CE)===
|1702–1712
{{main|Chahamanas of Shakambhari}}
|
 
|-
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |year=1964 |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |pages=51–70}}</ref>
|[[Gopal Singha Dev]]
 
|1712–1748
* [[Chahamana]] (Legendary)
|
* [[Vasudeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Vasu-deva]] (c. 650–684 CE), first known ruler of the dynasty
|-
* [[Samantaraja|Samanta-raja]] (c. 684–709 CE); identified as the legendary [[Manik Rai]] by R. B. Singh
|[[Chaitanya Singha Dev]]
* [[Naradeva|Nara-deva]] (c. 709–721 CE)
|1748–1801
* [[Ajayaraja I|Ajaya-raja I]] (c. 721–734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
|
* [[Vigraharaja I|Vigraha-raja I]] (c. 734–759 CE)
|-
* [[Chandraraja I|Chandra-raja I]] (c. 759–771 CE)
|[[Madhav Singha Dev]]
* [[Gopendraraja|Gopendra-raja]] (c. 771–784 CE)
|1801–1809
* [[Durlabharaja I|Durlabha-raja I]] (c. 784–809 CE)
|
* [[Govindaraja I|Govinda-raja I]] (c. 809–836 CE), alias Guvaka I
|-
* [[Chandraraja II|Chandra-raja II]] (c. 836–863 CE)
|[[Gopal Singha Dev II]]
* [[Govindaraja II]] (c. 863–890 CE), alias Guvaka II
|1809–1876
* [[Chandanaraja|Chandana-raja]] (c. 890–917 CE)
|
* [[Vakpatiraja I|Vakpati-raja]] (c. 917–944 CE); his younger son established the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana branch]]
|-
* [[Simharaja|Simha-raja]] (c. 944–971 CE)
|[[Ramkrishna Singha Dev]]
* [[Vigraharaja II|Vigraha-raja II]] (c. 971–998 CE)
|1876–1885
* [[Durlabharaja II|Durlabha-raja II]] (c. 998–1012 CE)
|
* [[Govindaraja III|Govinda-raja III]] (c. 1012–1026 CE)
|-
* [[Vakpatiraja II|Vakpati-raja II]] (c. 1026–1040 CE)
|Dwhaja Moni Devi
* [[Viryarama]] (c. 1040 CE)
|1885–1889
* [[Chamundaraja (Chahamana dynasty)|Chamunda-raja]] (c. 1040–1065 CE)
|
* [[Durlabharaja III|Durlabha-raja III]] (c. 1065–1070 CE), alias Duśala
|-
* [[Vigraharaja III|Vigraha-raja III]] (c. 1070–1090 CE), alias Visala
|[[Nilmoni Singha Dev]]
* [[Prithviraja I|Prithvi-raja I]] (c. 1090–1110 CE)
|1889–1903
* [[Ajayaraja II|Ajaya-raja II]] (c. 1110–1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
|
* [[Arnoraja|Arno-raja]] (c. 1135–1150 CE), alias Ana
|-
* [[Jagaddeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Jagad-deva]] (c. 1150 CE)
|Churamoni Devi (Regency)
* [[Vigraharaja IV|Vigraha-raja IV]] (c. 1150–1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
|1903–1930
* [[Aparagangeya|Apara-gangeya]] (c. 1164–1165 CE)
|
* [[Prithviraja II|Prithvi-raja II]] (c. 1165–1169 CE)
|-
* [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]] (c. 1169–1178 CE)
|[[Kalipada Singha Thakur]]
* [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithvi-raja III]] (c. 1178–1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan also Greatest ruler of dynasty
|1930–1947
* [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja IV]] (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura]]
|
* [[Hariraja|Hari-raja]] (c. 1193–1194 CE), last ruler of dynasty
|}
 
=== Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197 CE) ===
{{main|Chahamanas of Naddula}}
 
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
 
* [[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)|Lakshmana]] (c. 950–982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana
* [[Shobhita]] (c. 982–986)
* [[Baliraja]] (c. 986–990)
* [[Vigrahapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Vigrahapala]] (c. 990–994)
* [[Mahindu|Mahindra]] (c. 994–1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra
* [[Ashvapala]] (c. 1015–1019)
* [[Ahila]] (c. 1019–1024)
* [[Anahilla]] (c. 1024–1055)
* [[Balaprasada]] (c. 1055–1070)
* [[Jendraraja]] (c. 1070–1080)
* [[Prithvipala]] (c. 1080–1090)
* [[Jojalladeva]] (c. 1090–1110)
* [[Asharaja]] (c. 1110–1119), alias Ashvaraja
* [[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]] (c. 1119–1132)
* [[Rayapala]] (c. 1132–1145)
* [[Katukaraja]] (c. 1145–1148)
* [[Alhanadeva]] (c. 1148–1163)
* [[Kelhanadeva]] (c. 1163–1193)
* [[Jayatasimha]] (c. 1193–1197), last ruler of dynasty


==Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)==
===Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160–1311 CE)===
{{main|Varman dynasty of Kannauj}}
{{main|Chahamanas of Jalor}}


* [[Yashovarman]] (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |year=1979 |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |page=xvi |oclc=12737199}}</ref>
* [[Āma]]
* [[Kirtipala|Kirti-pala]] (c. 1160–1182 CE)
* [[Dunduka]]
* [[Samarasimha|Samara-simha]] (c. 1182–1204 CE)
* [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |year=1999 |orig-year=First published 1988 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |edition=2nd |isbn=81-224-1198-3 |pages=264–668 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246}}</ref>
* [[Udayasimha|Udaya-simha]] (c. 1204–1257 CE)
* [[Chachigadeva|Chachiga-deva]] (c. 1257–1282 CE)
* [[Samantasimha|Samanta-simha]] (c. 1282–1305 CE)
* [[Kanhadadeva|Kanhada-deva]] (c. 1292–1311 CE)
* [[Viramadeva|Virama-deva]] (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma |year=1959 |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |page=169 |isbn=978-0-8426-0618-9}}</ref>{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}}
 
===Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192–1301 CE)===
{{main|Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura}}
 
* [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja]] (1192 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Balhana-deva]] or [[Balhan]], son of Govinda
* Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana
* [[Viranarayana]] or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada
* [[Vagabhata]], son of Balhana; known as [[Bahar Deo]] in bardic chronicles
* [[Jaitra-simha]] or [[Jaitra Singh]]
* [[Hammiradeva|Hammira-deva]] or Hammir Dev (1301 CE), last & Greatest ruler of dynasty


==Rashtrakuta dynasty of Manyaketha (c. 735–982 CE)==
==Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)==
{{main|Rashtrakuta dynasty}}
{{main|Mlechchha dynasty|Kamarupa}}


* [[Dantidurga]] (735–756)
* Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
* [[Krishna I]] (756–774)
* Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
* [[Govinda II]] (774–780)
* Palaka
* [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]] (780–793)
* Kumara
* [[Govinda III]] (793–814)
* Vajradeva
* [[Amoghavarsha]] I (814–878)
* Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
* [[Krishna II]] Akalavarsha (878–914)
* Balavarman II
* [[Indra III]] (914–929)
* Jivaraja
* [[Amoghavarsha II]] (929–932)
* Digleswaravarman
* [[Govinda IV]] (930–935)
* Salambha<ref>Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Mukunda Manhava |year=1978 |title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam |url=https://archive.org/details/inscriptionsofancientassammmsharmagauhatiuniversity1978c |place=Guwahati |publisher=Gauhati University |page=105}}</ref>
* [[Amoghavarsha III]] (934–939)
* Harjjaravarman (815–832)
* [[Krishna III]] (939–967)
* Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
* [[Khottiga Amoghavarsha]] (967–972)
* Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
* [[Karka II]] Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
* Balavarman III (860–880)
* [[Indra IV]] (973–982), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.
* Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty


== Tomar dynasty of Delhi (736–1151) ==
==Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri (Chedi) (c. 675–1212 CE)==
{{anchor|Tomara dynasty}}
{{main|Kalachuris of Tripuri}}
{{main|Tomara dynasty}}


Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:<ref>{{cite book |editor=Alexander Cunningham |year=1871 |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884 |volume=I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmgSvB5B9I4C&pg=PA149 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=141–145 |oclc=421335527}}</ref>
* Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
* Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
* Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
* Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the '''[[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Ratnapura Kalachuri branch]]'''
* Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
* Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
* Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
* Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
* [[Shankaragana III]] (970–980 CE)
* [[Yuvarajadeva II|Yuvaraja-deva II]] (980–990 CE)
* [[Kokalla II]] (990–1015 CE)
* [[Gangeyadeva|Gangeya-deva]] (1015–1041 CE)
* [[Lakshmikarna|Lakshmi-karna]] (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
* [[Yashahkarna|Yashah-karna]] (1073–1123 CE)
* [[Gayakarna|Gaya-karna]] (1123–1153 CE)
* [[Narasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Nara-simha]] (1153–1163 CE)
* [[Jayasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Jaya-simha]] (1163–1188 CE)
* [[Vijayasimha|Vijaya-simha]] (1188–1210 CE)
* [[Trailokyamalla (Kalachuri dynasty)|Trailokya-malla]] (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler<ref>{{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |title=Bhavabhuti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLGgZOzTYzsC&pg=PA376 |date=1974 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1180-5}}</ref>


* Khadag Rai's history of [[Gwalior]] (''[[Gopanchala Akhyana|Gopācala ākhyāna]]'')<!-- retain readlink as per wikipedia guidelines to encourage growth of new article.--> names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king [[Vikramaditya]]. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
==Garhwal Kingdom of Uttrakhand (c. 688–1949 CE)==
* The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 [[Vikram Samvat]]).
{{main|Garhwal Kingdom}}
* [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]]'s ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' (Bikaner manuscript, edited by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]]) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was [[Gupta era]], which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.


As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |year=1981 |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985) |volume=3, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXtDAAAAYAAJ |publisher=Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans |page=704}}</ref>
[[Mola Ram]] the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work ''Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas'' (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kingdom that Mughals could never win |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/community/kingdom-that-mughals-could-never-win/199323.html |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=2018-01-29 |work=The Tribune }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge, Volume 6|publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company|year=1885|pages=451}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of Tomara rulers according to various sources{{sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1871|p=149}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Jagbir Singh |year=2002 |title=The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9H9uAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Aavishkar |page=28 |isbn=978-81-7910-016-5}}
|+Rulers of Garhwal  - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs
</ref>
|No.  
! rowspan="2" | #
|Name
! rowspan="2" | [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]]'s ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' / Bikaner manuscript
|Reign
! rowspan="2" | Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai
|Years Reigned
! rowspan="2" | Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript
|No.
! rowspan="2" | Ascension year in [[Common Era|CE]] (according to Gwalior manuscript)
|Name
! colspan="3" | Length of reign
|Reign
|Years Reigned
|No.
|Name
|Reign
|Years Reigned
|-
|-
! Years
|1
! Months
|[[Kanak Pal]]
! Days
|688–699
|11
|21
|Vikram Pal
|1116–1131
|15
|41
|Vijay Pal
|1426–1437
|11
|-
|-
| 1  || Ananga Pāla || Bilan Dev || || 736 || 18 || 0 || 0
|2
|-
|Shyam Pal
| 2  || Vasu Deva ||  ||  || 754 || 19 || 1 || 18
|699–725
|26
|22
|Vichitra Pal
|1131–1140
|9
|42
|Sahaj Pal
|1437–1473
|36
|-
|-
| 3 || Gangya || Ganggeva || || 773 || 21 || 3 || 28
|3
|Pandu Pal
|725–756
|31
|23
|Hans Pal
|1141–1152
|11
|43
|Bahadur Shah
|1473–1498
|25
|-
|-
| 4 || Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) || Prathama || Mahi Pāla || 794 || 19 || 6 || 19
|4
|Abhijat Pal
|756–780
|24
|24
|Som Pal
|1152–1159
|7
|44
|Man Shah
|1498–1518
|20
|-
|-
| 5 || Jaya Deva || Saha Deva || Jadu Pāla || 814 || 20 || 7 || 28
|5
|Saugat Pal
|781–800
|19
|25
|Kadil Pal
|1159–1164
|5
|45
|Shyam Shah
|1518–1527
|9
|-
|-
| 6 || Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla || Indrajita (I) || Nai Pāla || 834 || 14 || 4 || 9
|6
|Ratna Pal
|800–849
|49
|26
|Kamadev Pal
|1172–1179
|7
|46
|Mahipat Shah
|1527–1552
|25
|-
|-
| 7 || Udiraj (or Adereh) || Nara Pāla || Jaya Deva Pāla || 849 || 26 || 7 || 11
|7
|Shali Pal
|850–857
|7
|27
|Sulakshan Dev
|1179–1197
|18
|47
|Prithvi Shah
|1552–1614
|62
|-
|-
| 8 || Vijaya (or Vacha) || Indrajita (II) || Chamra Pāla || 875 || 21 || 2 || 13
|8
|Vidhi Pal
|858–877
|19
|28
|Lakhan Dev
|1197–1220
|23
|48
|Medini Shah
|1614–1660
|46
|-
|-
| 9 || Biksha (or Anek) || Vacha Raja || Bibasa Pāla || 897 || 22 || 3 || 16
|9
|-
|Madan Pal
| 10 || Rīksha Pāla || Vira Pāla || Sukla Pāla || 919 || 21 || 6 || 5
|877–894
|17
|29
|Anand Pal II
|1220–1241
|21
|49
|[[Fateh Shah]]
|1660–1708
|48
|-
|-
| 11 || Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) || Go-Pāla || Teja Pāla || 940 || 20 || 4 || 4
|10
|Bhakti Pal
|895–919
|24
|30
|Purva Dev
|1241–1260
|19
|50
|Upendra Shah
|1708–1709
|1
|-
|-
| 12 || Go-Pāla || Tillan Dev || Mahi Pāla || 961 || 18 || 3 || 15
|11
|Jayachand Pal
|920–948
|28
|31
|Abhay Dev
|1260–1267
|7
|51
|Pradip Shah
|1709–1772
|63
|-
|-
| 13 || Sallakshana Pāla || Suvari || Sursen || 979 || 25 || 10 || 10
|12
|Prithvi Pal
|949–971
|22
|32
|Jayaram Dev
|1267–1290
|23
|52
|Lalit Shah
|1772–1780
|8
|-
|-
| 14 || Jaya Pāla || Osa Pāla || Jaik Pāla || 1005 || 16 || 4 || 3
|13
|Medinisen Pal
|972–995
|23
|33
|Asal Dev
|1290–1299
|9
|53
|Jayakrit Shah
|1780–1786
|6
|-
|-
| 15 || Kunwar Pāla || Kumara Pāla || || 1021 || 29 || 9 || 18  
|14
|Agasti Pal
|995–1014
|19
|34
|Jagat Pal
|1299–1311
|12
|54
|[[Pradyumna Shah]]
|1786–1804
|18
|-
|-
| 16 || [[Anangpal Tomar|Ananga Pāla]] (or Anek Pāla) || Ananga Pāla || Anek Pāla || 1051 || 29 || 6 || 18
|15
|Surati Pal
|1015–1036
|21
|35
|Jit Pal
|1311–1330
|19
|55
|[[Sudarshan Shah]]
|1804–1859
|55
|-
|-
| 17 || Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) || Teja Pāla || Teja Pāla || 1081 || 24 || 1 || 6
|16
|Jay Pal
|1037–1055
|18
|36
|Anant Pal II
|1330–1358
|28
|56
|Bhawani Shah
|1859–1871
|12
|-
|-
| 18 || Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) || Mahi Pāla || Jyūn Pāla || 1105 || 25 || 2 || 23
|17
|Anant Pal I
|1056–1072
|16
|37
|Ajay Pal
|1358–1389
|31
|57
|Pratap Shah
|1871–1886
|15
|-
|18
|Anand Pal I
|1072–1083
|11
|38
|Kalyan Shah
|1389–1398
|9
|58
|Kirti Shah
|1886–1913
|27
|-
|-
| 19 || Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) || Mukund Pāla || Ane Pāla || 1130 || 21 || 2 || 15
|19
|Vibhog Pal
|1084–1101
|17
|39
|Sundar Pal
|1398–1413
|15
|59
|Narendra Shah
|1913–1946
|33
|-
|-
|   || [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)]] || Prithvi Pala || || 1151 ||  ||  ||
|20
|Suvayanu Pal
|1102–1115
|13
|40
|Hansadev Pal
|1413–1426
|13
|60
|[[Manabendra Shah]]
|1946–1949
|3
|}
|}


== Pala Empire (c. 750–1174) ==
==Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)==
{{anchor|Pala Empire}}
{{Main|Mallabhum kingdom}}
{{main|Pala Empire}}
{{List of Pala rulers}}


==Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)==
Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the [[Malla (tribe)|Malla]] kings of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], primarily in the present [[Bankura district]] in Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bishnupur |title=Bishnupur |quote="Mallabhum kingdom" |website=Britannica }}</ref> (also known as '''Mallabhoom''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steemers |first1=Koen |title=Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ...|publisher=James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd|isbn=1902916166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ee4XH1wFFFYC&q=Mallabhoom&pg=PA377|page=377|year=2000 }}</ref>
{{main|Ayudha dynasty}}


*Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
{| class="wikitable"
*Indrayudha
!Name of the king<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Gautam Kumar |last2=Biswas |first2=Samira |last3=Mallik |first3=Rabiranjan |year=2009 |title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18 |publisher=A Mittal Publication |pages=31–43 |isbn=978-81-8324-294-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallik|first1=Abhaya Pada|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal|date=1921|publisher=Calcutta|pages=128–130|edition=the University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>  
*Chakrayudha (till 810){{sfn|Sen|1999|p=264}}<ref name="https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1">{{cite web |last1=https://www.jagranjosh.com |first1=https://www.jagranjosh.com |title=Kannauj after Harsha |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1 |website=Jagran Josh |publisher=Jagran Josh}}</ref>
! Reign
 
!Notes
==Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)==
|-
{{main|Chandelas of Jejakabhukti}}
|[[Adi Malla]]
 
|694–710
The ''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti'' were a dynasty in [[Central India]]. They ruled much of the [[Bundelkhand]] region (then called ''Jejakabhukti'') between the 9th and the 13th centuries.
|
 
|-
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti ([[IAST]] names in brackets):<ref>{{cite book |last=Dikshit |first=R. K. |year=1976 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130 |publisher=Abhinav |page=25 |isbn=978-81-7017-046-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sullerey |first=Sushil Kumar |year=2004 |title=Chandella Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25 |publisher=Aakar Books |page=25|isbn=978-81-87879-32-9 }}</ref>
|[[Jay Malla]]
 
|710–720
* [[Nannuka]], (c. 831-845 CE)
|
* [[Vakpati (Chandela dynasty)|Vakpati]] (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
|-
* [[Jayashakti]] (Jayaśakti) and [[Vijayashakti]] (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
|Benu Malla
* [[Rahila]] (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
|720–733
* [[Harsha (Chandela dynasty)|Shri Harsha]] (Śri Harśa),  (c. 905-925 CE)
|
* [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)|Yasho-Varman]] (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
|-
* [[Dhanga|Dhanga-Deva]] (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
|[[Kinu Malla]]
* [[Ganda (Chandela dynasty)|Ganda-Deva]] (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
|733–742
* [[Vidyadhara (Chandela king)|Vidyadhara]] (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
|
* [[Vijayapala|Vijaya-Pala]] (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
|-
* [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Deva-Varman]], (c. 1050-1060 CE)
|Indra Malla
* [[Kirttivarman (Chandela dynasty)|Kirtti-Varman]] (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
|742–757
* [[Sallakshanavarman|Sallakshana-Varman]] (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
|
* [[Jayavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Jaya-Varman]], (c. 1110-1120 CE)
|-
* [[Prithvivarman|Prithvi-Varman]] (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
|[[Kanu Malla]]
* [[Madanavarman|Madana-Varman]], (c. 1128-1165 CE)
|757–764
* [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)|Yasho-Varman II]] (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
|
* [[Paramardideva|Paramardi-Deva]], (c. 1165-1203 CE)  
|-
* [[Trailokyavarman|Trailokya-Varman]], (c. 1203-1245 CE)
|Dha (Jhau) Malla
* [[Viravarman|Vira-Varman]] (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
|764–775
* [[Bhojavarman|Bhoja-Varman]], (c. 1285-1288 CE)
|
* [[Hammiravarman|Hammira-Varman]] (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
|-
* Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |year=2003 |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA199 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=199 |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}</ref>
|[[Shur Malla]]
 
|775–795
==Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)==
|
{{main|Seuna (Yadava) dynasty}}
|-
 
|Kanak Malla
* [[Dridhaprahara]]
|795–807
* Seunachandra (850–874)
|
* Dhadiyappa (874–900)
|-
* Bhillama I (900–925)
|Kandarpa Malla
* Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
|807–828
* Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
|
* [[Bhillama II]] (975–1005)
|-
* Vesugi I (1005–1020)
|Sanatan Malla
* Bhillama III (1020–1055)
|828–841
* Vesugi II (1055–1068)
|
* Bhillama III (1068)
|-
* Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
|[[Kharga Malla]]
* Airamadeva (1085–1115)
|841–862
* Singhana I (1115–1145)
|
* Mallugi I (1145–1150)
|-
* Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
|Durjan (Durjay) Malla
* Govindaraja (1160)
|862–906
* Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
|
* Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
|-
* [[Bhillama V]] (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
|[[Yadav Malla]]
* [[Jaitugi I]] (1192–1200)
|906–919
* [[Simhana|Singhana II]] (1200–1247)
|
* [[Krishna of Devagiri|Kannara]] (1247–1261)
|-
* [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]] (1261–1271)
|Jagannath Malla
* [[Ammana|Amana]] (1271)
|919–931
* [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]] (1271–1312)
|
* Singhana III (1312–1313)
|-
* Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
|Birat Malla
* Mallugi III (1318–1334)
|931–946
 
|
==Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 8th century to 1305)==
|-
{{main|Paramara dynasty|Malwa}}
|Mahadev Malla
 
|946–977
According to historial Kailash Chand Jain, "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."<ref>{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |year=1972 |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA329 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=329 |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9}}</ref> The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:
|
 
|-
* Upendra, (last quarter of 8th century, first quarter of 9th century), (sources vary)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|pp=330–331}}</ref>
|Durgadas Malla
* Vairisimha (I) (8th century)<ref name="Jain1972p331">{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=331}}</ref>
|977–994
* Siyaka (I) (9th century)<ref name="Jain1972p331" />
|
* Vakpati (I) (9th century)<ref name="Jain1972p331" />
|-
* Vairisimha (II), (10th century)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=332}}</ref>
|[[Jagat Malla]]
* [[Siyaka]] (II), (940–972)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|pp=333–335}}</ref>
|994–1007
* [[Vakpati Munja|Vakpati]] (II) alias Munja, (972–990)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|pp=335, 341}}</ref>
|
* [[Sindhuraja]], (990–1010)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=341}}</ref>
|-
* [[Bhoja]], (1010–1055)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|pp=341, 345}}</ref>
|Ananta Malla
* [[Jayasimha I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayasimha I]], (1055–1070)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=352}}</ref>
|1007–1015
* [[Udayaditya]], (1070–1086)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=354}}</ref>
|
* [[Lakshmadeva]], (1086–1094)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=357}}</ref>
|-
* [[Naravarman]], (1094–1130)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=359}}</ref>
|Rup Malla
* [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]], (1133–1142)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=361}}</ref>
|1015=1029
* [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman I]], (1142–1143)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=362}}</ref>
|
* ''[[Interregnum]]'' under an usurper named Ballala and later the Solanki king [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|pp=363–364}}</ref>
|-
* [[Vindhyavarman]], (1175–1194)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=368}}</ref>
|Sundar Malla
* [[Subhatavarman]], (1194–1209)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=369}}</ref>
|1029–1053
* [[Arjunavarman I]], (1210–1215)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=370}}</ref>
|
* [[Devapala (Paramara dynasty)|Devapala]], (1218–1239)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=371}}</ref>
|-
* [[Jaitugideva]], (1239–1255)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=373}}</ref>
|Kumud Malla
* [[Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman II]], (1255–1274)<ref name="Jain1972p374">{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=374}}</ref>
|1053–1074
* [[Arjunavarman II]], (1274–1285)<ref name="Jain1972p374" />
|
* [[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]], (1285–1301)<ref name="Jain1972p374" />
|-
* [[Mahalakadeva]], (1301–1305 died & ended of dynasty)<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1972|p=376}}</ref>
|Krishna Malla
 
|1074–1084
==Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910–1220 CE)==
|
{{main|Paramaras of Chandravati}}
|-
 
|Rup II (Jhap) Malla
*Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930
|1084–1097
*Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja c. 930–950
|
*Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979
|-
*Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha c.970–990
|[[Prakash Malla]]
*Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000
|1097–1102
*Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020 son of Dharavaraha
|
*Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040
|-
*Punya-pala or Purna-pala c. 1040–1050
|Pratap Malla
*Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060 son of Dhandhuka
|1102–1113
*Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II c. 1060–1090 son of Dhandhuka
|
*Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva c. 1090–1115
|-
*Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145
|Sindur Malla
*Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160 great-grandson of Dantivarman through Yogaraja and Ramadeva
|1113–1129
*Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ?   son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha
|
*Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220 son of Yashodhavala
|-
 
|Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla
==Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930–1842 CE) ==
|1129–1142
{{main|History of Ladakh}}
|
 
|-
===Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930–1460 CE)===
|Banamali Malla
{{main|Maryul}}
|1142–1156
 
|
Known Maryul rulers were:
|-
*[[Lhachen Palgyigon]] (c. 930 CE)
|Yadu/Jadu Malla
*[[Lhachen Utpala]] (c. 1110 CE)
|1156–1167
 
|
===Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460–1842 CE)===
|-
{{main|Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh}}
|Jiban Malla
 
|1167–1185
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |year=1977 |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c.&nbsp;950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |pages=171–172}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector|first=M. L.|last=Sali|date=20 April 1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170249641|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|first=H. N.|last=Kaul|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|
#[[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460-1485)
|-
#Unknown (c. 1485-1510)
|[[Ram Malla]]
#Lata Jughdan (c. 1510-1535)
|1185=1209
#Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535-1555)
|
#Tashi Namgyal ('''BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1555-1575) son{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=28–29}}
|-
#Tsewang Namgyal I (''Ts'e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1575–1595) nephew{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=31–32}}
|Gobinda Malla
#Namgyal Gonpo (''rNam-rgyal-mgon-po'', c. 1595–1600) brother
|1209–1240
#[[Jamyang Namgyal]] (''Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1595–1616) brother{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=33–37}}
|
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (''Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal'', first time, 1616–1623) son{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=38–56}}
|-
#Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother
|[[Bhim Malla]]
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (second time, 1624–1642)
|1240–1263
#Deldan Namgyal (''Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal'', 1642–1694) son
|
#Delek Namgyal  (''Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1680–1691) son
|-
#Nyima Namgyal  (''Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal'', 1694–1729) son
|Katar(Khattar) Malla
#Deskyong Namgyal (''Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1729–1739) son
|1263–1295
#Phuntsog Namgyal (''P'un‐ts'ogs‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1739–1753) son
|
#Tsewang Namgyal II (''Ts'e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal'', 1753–1782) son
|-
#Tseten Namgyal  (''Ts'e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1782–1802) son
|[[Prithwi Malla]]
#[[Tsepal Dondup Namgyal]] (''Ts'e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1802–1837, 1839–1840) brother
|1295 -1319
#Kunga Namgyal II (''Kun‐dga'‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1840–1842) grandson
|
 
|-
*'''Later [[Ladakh]] was conquered by [[Sikh Empire]] in 1842 CE.'"
|Tapa Malla
 
|1319–1334
==Solanki dynasty (Chalukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)==
|
{{main|Chaulukya dynasty}}
|-
 
|[[Dinabandhu Malla]]
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |author-link=Romila Thapar |year=2008 |title=Somanatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&pg=PA236 |publisher=Penguin |page=236 |isbn=9780143064688}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=A. K. Majumdar |year=1956 |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=199 |oclc=4413150 }}</ref>
|1334–1345
 
|
* [[Mularaja]] ({{circa|940|995}})
|-
* [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamundaraja]] ({{circa|996|1008}})
|Kinu/Kanu II Malla
* [[Vallabharaja]] ({{circa|1008}})
|1345–1358
* [[Durlabharaja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Durlabharaja]] ({{circa|1008|1022}})
|
* [[Bhima I]] ({{circa|1022|1064}})
|-
* [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]] ({{circa|1064|1092}})
|Shur Malla II
* [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] ({{circa|1092|1142}})
|1358–1370
* [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] ({{circa|1142|1171}})
|
* [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]] ({{circa|1171|1175}})
|-
* [[Mularaja II]] ({{circa|1175|1178}})
|[[Shiv Singh Malla]]
* [[Bhima II]] ({{circa|1178|1240}})
|1370–1407
* [[Tribhuvanapala]] ({{circa|1240|1244}})
|
 
|-
==Kachchhapaghata dynasty (950–1150)==
|[[Madan Malla]]
{{main |Kachchhapaghata dynasty}}
|1407–1420
 
|
===Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch===
|-
 
|Durjan II (Durjay) Malla
* Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975)
|1420–1437
* Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
|
* Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
* Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
* Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
* Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
* Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
* Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
* Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)
 
===Dubkund (Dobha) branch===
 
* Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
* Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
* Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
* Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)
 
===Nalapura (Narwar) branch===
 
* Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
* Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
* Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Michael D. Willis |title=Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4264424 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |year=1996 |page=14 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506}}</ref><ref name="TSP_ASI_Kadwaha">{{cite web |url=http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |title=Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010) |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project) |location=Bhopal |access-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828191402/http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)==
{{main|Jaipur State}}
{{see also|Kachwahas|Dhundhar}}
 
Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and [[Dulha Rao]] defeated [[Meena]] of [[Dhundhar|Dhundhar kingdom]] & established [[Jaipur State|Kachwaha dynasty]], which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in [[Jaipur]] district of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n17 1] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref>
 
===Rulers===
 
* 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 'Sorha Dev' (d. 1006)
* 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 '[[Dulha Rao]]' (d. 1036)
* 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 'Kakil' (d. 1039)
* 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 'Hanu' (d. 1053)
* 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 'Janddeo' (d. 1070)
* 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 'Pajjun Rai' (d. 1094)
* 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 'Malayasi' (d. 1146)
* 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 'Vijaldeo' (d. 1179)
* 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 'Rajdeo' (d. 1216)
* 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 'Kilhan' (d. 1276)
* 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 'Kuntal' (d. 1317)
* 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 'Jonsi' (d. 1366)
* 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 'Udaikarn' (d. 1388)
* 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 'Narsingh' (d. 1428)
* 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 'Banbir' (d. 1439)
* 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 'Udharn' (d. 1467)
* 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 'Chandrasen' (d. 1503)
* 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 '[[Prithviraj Singh I]]' (d. 1527)
* 4 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 '[[Puranmal]]' (d. 1534)
* 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 '[[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]]' (d. 1537)
* 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 '[[Ratan Singh of Amber|Ratan Singh]]' (d. 1548)
* 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 '[[Askaran]]' (d. 1599)
* 1 June 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 '[[Bharmal]]' (d. 1574)
* 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 '[[Bhagwant Das]]' (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
* 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 '[[Man Singh]]' (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
* 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 '[[Bhau Singh]]' (d. 1621)
* 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 '[[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh '''I''']]' (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
* 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688:  '[[Ram Singh I]]' (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
* 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699:  '[[Bishan Singh]]' (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
* 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743:  '[[Jai Singh II]]' (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
* 1743 – 12 Dec 1750:  '[[Ishvari Singh|Ishwari Singh]]' (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
* 1750 – 5 Mar 1768:  '[[Madho Singh I]]' (b. 1728 – d. 1768)
* 1768 – 13 Apr 1778:  '[[Prithvi Singh II]]' (b. {{circa}} 1762 – d. 1778)
* 1778 – 1803:  '[[Pratap Singh of Jaipur|Pratap Singh]]' (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
* 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: '[[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh II]]' (b. ... – d. 1818)
* 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: '[[Mohan Singh]]' (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
* 25 Apr 1819 –  6 Feb 1835: '[[Jai Singh III]]' (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
* Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: '[[Ram Singh II]]' (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
* 18 Sep 1880 –  7 Sep 1922: '[[Madho Singh II]]' (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
* 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary):  '[[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]]' (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
* 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): '[[Sawai Man Singh II]]' (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed [[Jaipur State]] with [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] in 1949 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 |publisher=Orient Longman Limited |pages=23 |year=1994 |orig-year=1984 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA23 }}</ref><ref>Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=34}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Prasad|1966|pp=1–3}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994}}</ref>
 
===Titular rulers===
 
* 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: '[[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]]'
* 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: '[[Bhawani Singh|Sawai Bhawani Singh]]' (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
''Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the [[Indian Constitution]].''
* 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: '[[Sawai Bhawani Singh]]' (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
*17 Apr 2011 – present: '[[Padmanabh Singh]]' (b. 1998)
 
==Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)==
{{main|Hoysala Empire}}
 
* Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
{{Hoysala Kings Infobox}}
 
==Sena dynasty (1070–1230)==
{{anchor|Sena dynasty}}
{{main|Sena dynasty}}
{{See also|History of Bengal}}
* Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
* Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
* Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
* Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
* Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
* Keshab Sen (1225–1230)
 
==Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)==
{{anchor|Kakatiya dynasty}}
{{main|Kakatiya dynasty}}
* Beta I (1000–1030)
* Prola I (1030–1075)
* Beta II (1075–1110)
* [[Prola II]] (1110–1158)
* Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent  ruler of this dynasty]
* Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
* Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
* [[Rudrama Devi]] (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
* Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]
 
==Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197)==
{{Main | Gahadavala dynasty}}
* [[Chandradeva]] (c. 1089–1103 CE)
* [[Madanapala (Gahadavala dynasty)|Madanapala]] (c. 1104–1113 CE)
* [[Govindachandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Govindachandra]] (c. 1114–1155 CE
* [[Vijayachandra]] (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
* [[Jayachandra]] (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
* [[Harishchandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Harishchandra]] (c. 1194–1197 CE){{sfn|Sen|1999|p=272}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|pp=115–117}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=38}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=41}}
 
==Zamorin kingdom of Calicut (1124–1806 CE)==
{{Main|Zamorin}}
 
=== First dynasty ===
The original seat of the aristocratic clan was Nediyiruppu and the head of the house was known as Nediyiruppu Mutta Eradi, a title enjoyed by the fifth in rank from the Zamorin. Under the Kodungallur Chera rulers the Mutta Eradi governed Ernad with the title of "Ernad Utaiyar". Later the clan abandoned its ancestral house and transferred its residence to the present day Kozhikode.<ref name="ayyar">{{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=K. V. |year=1999 |title=The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806 |publisher=Publication Division, University of Calicut |page=14 |isbn=978-81-7748-000-9}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
|-
! No. of Zamorin !! Name !! Reign !! Important events
|Uday Malla
|1437–1460
|
|-
|-
| 1 || Mana Vikrama (Manikkan) || N/A || The legendary founder of the ruling family.
|[[Chandra Malla]]
|1460–1501
|
|-
|-
| 27 || || 8 years || Kozhikode city is established
|[[Bir Malla]]
|1501–1554
|
|-
|-
| 65 || || 1339–1347 || [[Ibn Battuta]] at Kozhikode (1342–1347)
|[[Dhari Malla]]
|1554–1565
|
|-
|-
| 73 || || 1402–1410 || [[Ma Huan]] at Kozhikode (1403)
|[[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)]]
|1565–1620
|
|-
|-
| 78 || || 1442–1450 || The visits of [[Abdur Razzaq (traveller)|Abdur Razzak]] (1442) and [[Niccolò de' Conti]] (1444)
|[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
|1620–1626
|
|-
|-
| 81 || Mana Vikrama the Great || 1466–1474 || [[Athanasius Nikitin]] (1468–1474) visits Kozhikode.
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
|1626–1656
|
|-
|-
| 82 || Mana Veda || 1474–1482 ||
|[[Bir Singha Dev]]
|1656–1682
|
|-
|-
| 84 || || 1495–1500 || The arrival of [[Vasco da Gama]] (1498)
|[[Durjan Singha Dev]]
|1682–1702
|
|-
|-
| 85 || || 1500–1513 || The occupations of Kochi (1503–1504)
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev II]]
|1702–1712
|
|-
|-
| 86 || || 1513–1522 || Treaty with Portuguese (1513), and the erection of the Portuguese fort at Calicut (1514)
|[[Gopal Singha Dev]]
|1712–1748
|
|-
|-
| 87 || || 1522–1529 || The expulsion of Portuguese from Calicut
|[[Chaitanya Singha Dev]]
|1748–1801
|
|-
|-
| 88 || || 1529–1531 || The building of Portuguese fort at Chaliyam (1531)
|[[Madhav Singha Dev]]
|1801–1809
|
|-
|-
| 89 || || 1531–1540 || Battles with the Portuguese
|[[Gopal Singha Dev II]]
|1809–1876
|
|-
|-
| 90 || || 1540–1548 || Treaty with Portuguese (1540)
|[[Ramkrishna Singha Dev]]
|1876–1885
|
|-
|-
| 91 || || 1548–1560 || Adoption of the chief of Bardela (150) and the battles with the Portuguese.
|Dwhaja Moni Devi
|1885–1889
|
|-
|-
| 92 || Viraraya || 1560–1562 ||
|[[Nilmoni Singha Dev]]
|1889–1903
|
|-
|-
| 93 || Mana Vikrama || 1572–1574 || The expulsion of the Portuguese from Chaliyam (1571)
|Churamoni Devi (Regency)
|1903–1930
|
|-
|-
| 94 || || 1574–1578 || Battles with the Portuguese
|[[Kalipada Singha Thakur]]
|1930–1947
|
|}
 
==Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)==
{{main|Chand kings}}
 
[[Badri Datt Pandey]], in his book ''Kumaun Ka Itihaas'' lists the Chand kings as following:
 
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 11pt"
|-
|-
| 95 || || 1578–1588 || The Portuguese allowed a factory at Ponnani (1584)
!width="150" rowspan="1"| King
!rowspan="1"|Reign
!rowspan="1"|Notes
|-
|-
| 96 || || 1588–1597 || The settlement of the Portuguese at Calicut (1591)
| Som Chand
| 700–721
|  
|-
|-
| 97 || || 1597–1599 || Battles with Marakkar (1598–1599)
| Atm Chand
| 721–740
|
|-
|-
| 98 || || 1599–1604 || Capture of Marakkar's stronghold (1600)
| Purn Chand
| 740–758
|
|-
|-
| 99 || || 1604–1617 || Siege of Cannanore (1604–1617) and treaties with the Dutch (1604 and 1608) and the English (1615)
| Indra Chand
| 758–778
| Opened Silk Factories
|-
|-
| 100 || Mana Vikrama || 1617–1627 ||
| Sansar Chand
| 778–813
|
|-
|-
| 101 || || 1627–1630 ||
| Sudha Chand
| 813–833
|
|-
|-
| 102 || || 1630–1637 ||
| Hamir Chand
| 833–856
|
|-
|-
| 103 || Mana Vikrama (Saktan Tampuran) || 1637–1648 || The uncle of the author of the ''Krishnanatakam''
| Vina Chand
| 856–869
| Lost to Khas Kings
|-
|-
| 104 || ''Tiruvonam Tirunal'' || 1648–1655 ||
| Vir Chand
| 1065–1080
|
|-
|-
| 105 || Mana Veda || 1655–1658 || The author of the ''Krishnanatakam''
| Rup Chand
| 1080–1093
|
|-
|-
| 106 || ''Asvati Tirunal'' || 1658–1662 || The expulsion of the Portuguese from Kodungallur (1662)
| Laxmi Chand
| 1093–1113
|
|-
|-
| 107 || ''Puratam Tirunal'' || 16621666 || The expulsion of Portuguese from Kochi (1663)
| Dharm Chand
| 1113–1121
|
|-
|-
| 108 || || 1666–1668 || Battles with the Dutch
| Karm Chand
| 1121–1140
|
|-
|-
| 109 || || 1668–1671 || The destruction of the Cheraman Sword
| Ballal Chand
| 1140–1149
|
|-
|-
| 110 || ''Uttrattati Tirunal'' || 1671–1684 || Cession of Chetwai to the Dutch
| Nami Chand
| 1149–1170
|
|-
|-
| 111 || ''Bharani Tirunal'' Mana Vikrama<ref name="worldstate">{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html |title=Indian Princely States K-Z |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |access-date=2015-12-23}}</ref> || 1684–1705 || The terror of the Dutch. Two Mamankams (1694 and 1695)
| Nar Chand
| 1170–1177
|
|-
|-
| 112 || Nileswaram Tirunal || 1705–1711 || Adoptions from Nileswaram (1706 and 1707)
| Nanaki Chand
| 1177–1195
|
|-
|-
| 113 || || 1711–1729 || The Dutch War (1715–1718)
| Ram Chand
| 1195–1205
|
|-
| Bhishm Chand
| 1205–1226
|  
|-
|-
| 114 || Mana Vikrama || 1729–1741 ||
| Megh Chand
|}
| 1226–1233
 
|  
<small>Note: Italic names only indicate the asterism under which the Zamorin is born</small>
 
=== Second Dynasty ===
It seems that the original ruling family came to an end with the 114th Zamorin of Calicut. The 115th Zamorin, the first of the second ruling family, was the oldest of the princes adopted from [[Nileshwaram]] in 1706.<ref name="ayyar" />
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
|-
! No. of Zamorin !! Name !! Reign !! Important events
| Dhyan Chand
| 1233–1251
|
|-
|-
| 115 || Zamorin from Kilakke Kovilakam || 1741–1746 ||
| Parvat Chand
| 1251–1261
|  
|-
|-
| 116 || Putiya Kovilakam || 1746–1758 || The Dutch War (1753–1758)
| Thor Chand
| 1261–1275
|  
|-
|-
| 117 || Kilakke Kovilakam || 1758–1766 || Battles with Travancore and the invasion of Mysore, committed suicide. Annexed by Mysore.
| Kalyan Chand II
| 1275–1296
|  
|-
|-
| 118|| Putiya Kovilakam|| 1766–1788 ||
| Trilok Chand
| 1296–1303
| Conquered Chhakhata<br />Built a fort at [[Bhimtal]]
|-
|-
| 119 || Kerala Varma Vikrama<ref name="worldstate" /> (Putiya Kovilakam)|| 1788–1798 || Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
| Damaru Chand
| 1303–1321
|  
|-
|-
| 120 || Krishna Varma<ref name="worldstate" /> (Putiya Kovilakam) || 1798–1806 || Agreement of 1806 with EIC (died in 1816)
| Dharm Chand
|}
| 1321–1344
 
| Defeated One Lakh Army of [[Delhi]] Sultan [[Muhammad Bin Tughluq]] under Khusrau Malik in his Qarachil Expedition
==Kalachuris of Kalyani (1130–1184)==
|
{{anchor|Kalachuris of Kalyani}}
|-
{{main|Kalachuris of Kalyani}}
| Abhay Chand
* [[Bijjala II]] (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162
| 1344–1374
* Sovideva (1168–1176)
|
* Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
|-
* Sankama (1176–1180)
| Garur Gyan Chand
* Ahavamalla (1180–83)
| 1374–1419
* Singhana (1183–84)
| Established authority over [[Bhabar]] and [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Terai]]; later lost them to nawab of [[Sambhal]], Recaptured it by defeating Turkish Nawab of [[Sambhal]] under General Nilu Kathait
 
|-
== Bhati kingdom of Jaisalmer (c. 1153–1947 CE) ==
| Harihar Chand
{{Main| Jaisalmer State}}
| 1419–1420
{{See also| Bhati | Jaisalmer| Rawal}}
|
 
|-
=== Rawals ===
| Udyan Chand
 
| 1420–1421
*[[Rawal Jaisal|Rawal Jaisal Singh]]
| built [[Baleshwar Temple]] at [[Champawat]]<br />Captured Chaugarkha
(1153–1168),  founder of kingdom
|-
*Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)
| Atma Chand II
*Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)
| 1421–1422
*Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)
|
*Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)
|-
*Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)
| Hari Chand II
*Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)
| 1422–1423
*Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)
|
*Rawal Jaitsi Singh I (1276–1294)
|-
*Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)
| Vikram Chand
*Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306)
| 1423–1437
*Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)
| Completed [[Baleshwar Temple]]
*Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)
|-
*Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)
| Bharati Chand
*Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)
| 1437–1450
*Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)
| Defeated [[Doti]]
*Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)
|-
*Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)
| Ratna Chand
*Rawal [[Karan Singh II]] (1530–1530)
| 1450–1488
*Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551)
| Defeated Bams of [[Pithoragarh|Sor]],<br />defeated [[Doti]] again
*Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)
|-
*Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578)
| Kirti Chand
*Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624)
| 1488–1503
*Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)
| annexed [[Almora district|Barahmandal]], [[Dwarahat|Pali]] and Faldakot,  Conquered [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] by defeating Ajaypal and made it vassal state of Kumaon
*Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)
|-
*Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)
| Pratap Chand
*Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661)
| 1503–1517
|
|-
| Tara Chand
| 1517–1533
|
|-
| Manik Chand
| 1533–1542
|
|-
| Kalyan Chand III
| 1542–1551
|
|-
| Purna Chand
| 1551–1555
|
|-
| Bhishm Chand
| 1555–1560
| laid foundation stone of [[Almora|Alamnagar]]<br />lost [[Almora district|Barahmandal]] to Khas Sardar ''Gajuwathinga''
|-
| Balo Kalyan Chand
| 1560–1568
| recaptured [[Almora district|Barahmandal]]<br />moved capital to Alamnagar and renamed it [[Almora]]<br />Annexed [[Mankot]] and [[Bageshwar district|Danpur]]
|-
| Rudra Chand
| 1568–1597
| Successfully defended [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Terai]] from nawab of [[Shahjahanpur|Kath and Gola]]<br />founded the city of [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]]<br />Annexed [[Didihat|Sira]]
|-
| Laxmi Chand
| 1597–1621
| built Laxmeswar and [[Bagnath Temple]] at [[Almora]] and [[Bageshwar]] respectively<br />Invaded [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] 7 times without any Success
|-
| Dilip Chand
| 1621–1624
|
|-
| Vijay Chand
| 1624–1625
|
|-
| Trimal Chand
| 1625–1638
|
|-
| Baz Bahadur Chand
| 1638–1678
| Captured [[Dehradun]] and Hindu Pilgrimage [[Kailash Mansarovar]] defeated [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and [[Tibet]], has his kingdom from ton river till karnali
|-
| Udyot Chand
| 1678–1698
| Defeated combined armies of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and Doti
|-
| Gyan Chand
| 1698–1708
| Defeated [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and expelled fateh shah from Srinagar
|-
| Jagat Chand
| 1708–1720
| Invaded [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and captured its capital [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]], defeated combined armies of [[Sikhs]]|Khalsa and [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]
|-
| Devi Chand
| 1720–1726
| Made Afghani Daud Khan General of [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]] , looted [[Moradabad]] , [[Mughal Empire]] and captured villages of Mughals
|-
| Ajit Chand
| 1726–1729
|
|-
| Kalyan Chand V
| 1729–1747
| Defeated [[Rohilla]]s
|-
| Deep Chand
| 1747–1777
| Defeated [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] King Pradip Shah left him embarrassed
|-
| Mohan Chand
| 1777–1779
| Defeated by King Lalit Shah of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]
|-
| Pradyumn Chand
| 1779–1786
| Son of king Lalit Shah of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]
|-
| Mohan Chand
| 1786–1788
| Overthrew Pradyumn Shah; Became king for second time
|-
| Shiv Chand
| 1788
|
|-
| Mahendra Chand
| 1788–1790
| Defeated by [[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkhas]]
|}
 
== Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE) ==
{{main|Katyuri kings}}
The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King{{sfn|Handa|2002|p=28 to 32}}
 
;List–
* Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
* Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
* Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
* Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
* Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
* Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
* Istanga (915–930 CE)
* Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
* Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
* Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
* Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
* Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
* Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
* Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
* Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
* Bir Dev (Very short period till 1065 CE)


=== Maharawals ===
==Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)==
{{main|Varman dynasty of Kannauj}}


*Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)
* [[Yashovarman]] (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
*Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)
* [[Āma]]
*Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)
* [[Dunduka]]
*Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)
* [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |year=1999 |orig-year=First published 1988 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |edition=2nd |isbn=81-224-1198-3 |pages=264–668 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246}}</ref>
*Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820)
*Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)
*Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)
*Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)
*Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)
*Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)


=== Titular Kings ===
==Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)==
{{main|Rashtrakuta dynasty}}


* Girdhar Singh (1949–1950)
* [[Dantidurga]] (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Raghunath Singh of Jaisalmer|Raghunath Singh]] (1950–1982)
* [[Krishna I]] (756–774 CE)
* Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)
* [[Govinda II]] (774–780 CE)
* Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–Till Present)<ref>
* [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]] (780–793 CE)
[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_392.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 24, p. 386.]
* [[Govinda III]] (793–814 CE)
</ref><ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_008.gif</ref>
* [[Amoghavarsha]] I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of [[Manyakheta]] city, which became the capital of the dynasty.<ref>[[Georg Bühler]], 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276</ref>
* [[Krishna II]] (878–914 CE)
* [[Indra III]] (914–929 CE)
* [[Amoghavarsha II]] (929–932 CE)
* [[Govinda IV]] (930–935 CE)
* [[Amoghavarsha III]] (934–939 CE)
* [[Krishna III]] (939–967 CE)
* [[Khottiga Amoghavarsha]] (967–972 CE)
* [[Karka II]] or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
* [[Indra IV]] (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.


==Chero dynasty (1174–1813)==
== Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE) ==
{{main|Chero dynasty}}
{{main|Tomara dynasty}}
*Ghughulia
*Raja Ramchandar Rai
*Raja Sita Ram Rai
*Raja Salabahim
*Raja Phulchand
*[[Raja Maharata Rai]]
*Raja Kumkum Chand Rai
*Raja Sambhal Rai
*Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585–1605)
*Raja Anant Rai (1605–1612)
*Raja Shambhal Rai (1612–1627)
*Raja Bhupal Rai (1637–1657)
*Maharaja [[Medini Ray|Medini Rai]] (1658–1674)
*Raja Pratap Rai
*Raja Rudra Rai (1674–1680)
*Raja Dikpal Rai (1680–1697)
*Raja Saheb Rai (1697–1716)
*Raja Ranjit Rai (1716–1722)
*Raja Devi Batesh Rai
*Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722–1770)
*Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771–1771)
*Raja Gopal Rai (1771–1776)
*Raja Gajraj Rai (1777–1780)
*Raja Basant Rai (1780–1783)
*Raja Churaman Rai (1783–1813)
<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/history-rebuild-brick-by-brick-rs-56-lakh-restoration-plan-for-crumbling-palamau-fort/cid/825676|title=History rebuild, brick by brick – Rs 56-lakh restoration plan for crumbling Palamau Fort|website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest|isbn=9789352667697|last1=Singh|first1=Pradyuman|date=19 January 2021}}</ref>


==Chutia Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524)==
Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:<ref>{{cite book |editor=Alexander Cunningham |year=1871 |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884 |volume=I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmgSvB5B9I4C&pg=PA149 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=141–145 |oclc=421335527}}</ref>
{{anchor|Chutia Kingdom}}
{{main|Chutia Kingdom}}
* Birpal (1187–1224)
* Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
* Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
* Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
* Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
* Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
* Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
* Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
* Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
* Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
* Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
* Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
* Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
* Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
* Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
* Nitypal (1522–1524)


==Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260)==
* Khadag Rai's history of [[Gwalior]] (''[[Gopanchala Akhyana|Gopācala ākhyāna]]'')<!-- retain readlink as per wikipedia guidelines to encourage growth of new article.--> names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king [[Vikramaditya]]. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
{{main|Bana Kingdom|Magadai}}
* The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 [[Vikram Samvat]]).
* [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]]'s ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' (Bikaner manuscript, edited by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]]) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was [[Gupta era]], which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.


===Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)===
As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |year=1981 |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985) |volume=3, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXtDAAAAYAAJ |publisher=Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans |page=704}}</ref>
{{anchor|Kadava dynasty}}
{{main|Kadava dynasty}}
* Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
* Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)


== Kingdom of Marwar (1226–1950) ==
{| class="wikitable"
{{Main| Jodhpur State}}
|+ List of Tomara rulers according to various sources{{sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1871|p=149}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Jagbir Singh |year=2002 |title=The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9H9uAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Aavishkar |page=28 |isbn=978-81-7910-016-5}}
{{See also| Rathore| Marwar|Jodhpur}}
</ref>
 
! rowspan="2" | #
=== Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur ===
! rowspan="2" | [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]]'s ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' / Bikaner manuscript
 
! rowspan="2" | Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai
==== Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438) ====
! rowspan="2" | Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript
 
! rowspan="2" | Ascension year in [[Common Era|CE]] (according to Gwalior manuscript)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" | Length of reign
|-
! Years
! Months
! Days
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Name
| 1  || Ananga Pāla || Bilan Dev ||  || 736 || 18 || 0 || 0
! Notes
! Reign began
! Reign ended
|-
|-
! 1
| 2  || Vasu Deva ||  ||  || 754 || 19 || 1 || 18
| Rao Siha
| He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban.
| 1226
| 1273
|-
|-
! 2
| 3  || Gangya || Ganggeva ||  || 773 || 21 || 3 || 28
| Rao Asthan
|-
| Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji.
| 4  || Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) || Prathama || Mahi Pāla || 794 || 19 || 6 || 19
| 1273
|-
| 1292
| 5  || Jaya Deva || Saha Deva || Jadu Pāla || 814 || 20 || 7 || 28
|-
|-
! 3
| 6  || Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla || Indrajita (I) || Nai Pāla || 834 || 14 || 4 || 9
| Rao Doohad
| He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars.
| 1292
| 1309
|-
|-
! 4
| 7  || Udiraj (or Adereh) || Nara Pāla || Jaya Deva Pāla || 849 || 26 || 7 || 11
| Rao Raipal
| He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people. 
| 1309
| 1313
|-
|-
! 5
| 8  || Vijaya (or Vacha) || Indrajita (II) || Chamra Pāla || 875 || 21 || 2 || 13
| Rao Kanhapal
| He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands.
| 1313
| 1323
|-
! 6
| Rao Jalansi
| He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region.
| 1323
| 1328
|-
! 7
| Rao Chado
|  
| 1328
| 1344
|-
|-
! 8
| 9 || Biksha (or Anek) || Vacha Raja || Bibasa Pāla || 897 || 22 || 3 || 16
| Rao Tida
| He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi.
| 1344
| 1357
|-
! 9
| Rao Kanha Dev
|
| 1357
| 1374
|-
! 10
| Rao Viram Dev
| He died in battle against the Johiyas.
| 1374
| 1383
|-
! 11
| Rao Chandra
| He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan.
|1383
|1424
|-
|-
! 12
| 10 || Rīksha Pāla || Vira Pāla || Sukla Pāla || 919 || 21 || 6 || 5
| Rao Kanha
| Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore.
| 1424
| 1427
|-
! 13
| Rao [[Ranmal]]
| He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodiyas of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha.
| 1427
| 1438
|-
|-
|}
| 11 || Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) || Go-Pāla || Teja Pāla || 940 || 20 || 4 || 4
 
==== Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950) ====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Name
| 12 || Go-Pāla || Tillan Dev || Mahi Pāla || 961 || 18 || 3 || 15
! Notes
|-
! Reign began
| 13 || Sallakshana Pāla || Suvari || Sursen || 979 || 25 || 10 || 10
! Reign ended
|-
| 14 || Jaya Pāla || Osa Pāla || Jaik Pāla || 1005 || 16 || 4 || 3
|-
| 15 || Kunwar Pāla || Kumara Pāla ||  || 1021 || 29 || 9 || 18
|-
|-
! 1
| 16 || [[Anangpal Tomar|Ananga Pāla]] (or Anek Pāla) || Ananga Pāla || Anek Pāla || 1051 || 29 || 6 || 18
| Rao [[Jodha of Mandore|Jodha]]  
| Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of [[Jodhpur]] and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati.
| 12 May 1438
| 6 April 1489
|-
|-
! 2
| 17 || Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) || Teja Pāla || Teja Pāla || 1081 || 24 || 1 || 6  
| Rao [[Satal Rathore of Marwar|Satal]]
| Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders.
| 6 April 1489
| March 1492
|-
|-
! 3
| 18 || Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) || Mahi Pāla || Jyūn Pāla || 1105 || 25 || 2 || 23
| Rao [[Suja Rathore of Marwar|Suja]]
|
| March 1492
| 2 October 1515
|-
|-
! 4
| 19 || Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) || Mukund Pāla || Ane Pāla || 1130 || 21 || 2 || 15
| Rao [[Biram Singh Rathore of Marwar|Biram Singh]]
| Son of Bagha
| 2 October 1515
| 8 November 1515
|-
|-
! 5
|    || [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)]] || Prithvi Pala ||  || 1151 ||  ||  || 
| Rao [[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Ganga]]  
|}
| Assisted [[Rana Sanga]] in his campaigns against the Sultans of India.
 
| 8 November 1515
== Pala Empire (c. 750–1174 CE) ==
| 9 May 1532
{{main|Pala Empire}}
|-  
{{List of Pala rulers}}
! 6
 
| [[Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]]  
==Shilahara dynasty of Maharashtra (765–1265 CE)==
| Successfully repelled the invasions of [[Sher Shah Suri]]. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta.
{{main|Shilahara}}
| 9 May 1532
 
| 7 November 1562
Shilahara Kingdom was split into '''three''' branches:
|-
* First branch ruled [[Konkan|North Konkan]]
! 7
* Second branch ruled [[Konkan|South Konkan]] (between 765 and 1029 CE)
| [[Rao Chandra Sen]]  
* Third branch ruled in modern districts of [[Kolhapur]], [[Satara district|Satara]] and [[Belgaum]] (between 940 and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadavas]].<ref>{{cite web
| He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire.
|url          = http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/005%20History/001%20AncientPeriod.htm
| 7 November 1562
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20050429040159/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/005%20History/001%20AncientPeriod.htm
| 1581
|url-status    = dead
|-
|archive-date = 29 April 2005
! 8
|title        = Nasik History - Ancient Period
| [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]] ''Mota Raja''  
|publisher    = State Government of Maharashtra
| He was the father in law of [[Jahangir]] and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of [[Shah Jahan]]<ref>''Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan: The Maharaja of Palaces'', by Aman Nath. Published by India Book House, 2008.</ref>
|access-date  = 2006-10-14
| 4 August 1583
|df          = dmy-all
| 11 July 1595
}}</ref>
|-  
 
! 9
===South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)===
| [[Sur Singh|Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal]]
 
|
;List of rulers–
| 11 July 1595
# Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
| 7 September 1619
# Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
|-  
# Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
! 10
# Avasara I (845–870 CE)
| [[Gaj Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Gaj Singh I]]  
# Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
| The first to take the title [[Maharaja]] by himself
# Avasara II (895–920 CE)
| 7 September 1619
# Indraraja (920–945 CE)
| 6 May 1638
# Bhima (945–970 CE)
|-  
# Avasara III (970–995 CE)
! 11
# Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)
| [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]]
 
| He fought [[Aurangzeb]] in the [[Battle of Dharmatpur]].
===North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)===
| 6 May 1638
;List of rulers–
| 28 November 1678?
 
|-  
# [[Kapardin I]] (800–825 CE)
! 12
# [[Pullashakti]] (825–850 CE)
| [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]]  
# Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
| Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. [[Durgadas Rathore]] played a key role in the war.
# [[Vappuvanna]] (880–910 CE)
| 19 February 1679
# [[Jhanjha]] (910–930 CE)
| 24 June 1724
# [[Goggiraja]] (930–945 CE)
|-
# Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
! 13
# Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
| [[Raja Indra Singh]]  
# [[Aparajita]] (975–1010 CE)
| Installed in opposition to [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]] by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar
# [[Vajjada II]] (1010–1015 CE)
| 9 June 1679
# [[Arikesarin]] (1015–1022 CE)
| 4 August 1679
# [[Chhittaraja]] (1022–1035 CE)
|-
# Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
! 14
# Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
| [[Abhai Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Abhai Singh]]
# Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
| Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time.  
# [[Aparaditya I]] (1127–1148 CE)
| 24 June 1724
# [[Haripaladeva]] (1148–1155 CE)
| 18 June 1749
# [[Mallikarjuna (Shilahara dynasty)|Mallikarjuna]] (1155–1170 CE)
|-  
# Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
! 15
# Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]  
# [[Keshideva II]] (1200–1245 CE)
| First reign
# Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
| 18 June 1749
# [[Someshvara (Shilahara dynasty)|Someshvara]] (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty
| July 1751
 
|-
===Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)===
! 16
;List of rulers–
| [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Maharaja Bakht Singh]]
 
| He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the [[Battle of Gangwana]] he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas.
# Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
| July 1751
# Naivarman (960–980 CE)
| 21 September 1752
# Chandra (980–1000 CE)
# [[Jatiga II]] (1000–1020 CE)
# [[Gonka]] (1020–1050 CE)
# Guhala I (1050 CE)
# Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
# Chandraditya (1050 CE)
# [[Marsimha]] (1050–1075 CE)
# Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
# [[Bhoja I]] (1085–1100 CE)
# Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
# Gonka II (1108 CE)
# [[Gandaraditya I]] (1108–1138 CE)
# [[Vijayaditya I]] (1138–1175 CE)
# [[Bhoja II (Shilahara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (1175–1212 CE)
 
==Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)==
{{main|Ayudha dynasty}}
 
*Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
*Indrayudha
*Chakrayudha (till 810){{sfn|Sen|1999|p=264}}<ref name="https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1">{{cite web |title=Kannauj after Harsha |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1 |website=Jagran Josh}}</ref>
 
==Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)==
{{main|Chandelas of Jejakabhukti}}
 
The ''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti'' were a dynasty in [[Central India]]. They ruled much of the [[Bundelkhand]] region (then called ''Jejakabhukti'') between the 9th and the 13th centuries.
 
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti ([[IAST]] names in brackets):<ref>{{cite book |last=Dikshit |first=R. K. |year=1976 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130 |publisher=Abhinav |page=25 |isbn=978-81-7017-046-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sullerey |first=Sushil Kumar |year=2004 |title=Chandella Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25 |publisher=Aakar Books |page=25|isbn=978-81-87879-32-9 }}</ref>
 
* [[Nannuka]], (c. 831-845 CE)
* [[Vakpati (Chandela dynasty)|Vakpati]] (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
* [[Jayashakti]] (Jayaśakti) and [[Vijayashakti]] (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
* [[Rahila]] (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
* [[Harsha (Chandela dynasty)|Shri Harsha]] (Śri Harśa),  (c. 905-925 CE)
* [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)|Yasho-Varman]] (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
* [[Dhanga|Dhanga-Deva]] (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Ganda (Chandela dynasty)|Ganda-Deva]] (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Vidyadhara (Chandela king)|Vidyadhara]] (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Vijayapala|Vijaya-Pala]] (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
* [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Deva-Varman]], (c. 1050-1060 CE)
* [[Kirttivarman (Chandela dynasty)|Kirtti-Varman]] (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
* [[Sallakshanavarman|Sallakshana-Varman]] (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
* [[Jayavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Jaya-Varman]], (c. 1110-1120 CE)
* [[Prithvivarman|Prithvi-Varman]] (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
* [[Madanavarman|Madana-Varman]], (c. 1128-1165 CE)
* [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)|Yasho-Varman II]] (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
* [[Paramardideva|Paramardi-Deva]], (c. 1165-1203 CE)
* [[Trailokyavarman|Trailokya-Varman]], (c. 1203-1245 CE)
* [[Viravarman|Vira-Varman]] (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
* [[Bhojavarman|Bhoja-Varman]], (c. 1285-1288 CE)
* [[Hammiravarman|Hammira-Varman]] (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
* Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |year=2003 |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA199 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=199 |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}</ref>
 
==Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)==
{{main|Seuna (Yadava) dynasty}}
 
* [[Dridhaprahara]]
* Seunachandra (850–874)
* Dhadiyappa (874–900)
* Bhillama I (900–925)
* Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
* Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
* [[Bhillama II]] (975–1005)
* Vesugi I (1005–1020)
* Bhillama III (1020–1055)
* Vesugi II (1055–1068)
* Bhillama III (1068)
* Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
* Airamadeva (1085–1115)
* Singhana I (1115–1145)
* Mallugi I (1145–1150)
* Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
* Govindaraja (1160)
* Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
* Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
* [[Bhillama V]] (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
* [[Jaitugi I]] (1192–1200)
* [[Simhana|Singhana II]] (1200–1247)
* [[Krishna of Devagiri|Kannara]] (1247–1261)
* [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]] (1261–1271)
* [[Ammana|Amana]] (1271)
* [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]] (1271–1312)
* Singhana III (1312–1313)
* Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
* Mallugi III (1318–1334)
 
==Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 8th century to 1305 CE)==
{{main|Paramara dynasty|Malwa}}
 
According to historial 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."<ref>{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |year=1972 |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA329 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=329 |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9}}</ref>
The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:
 
* Upendra Krishnraja (late  8th to early 9th century CE)
* Vairisimha (I) (early 9th century CE)
* Siyaka (I) (mid of 9th century CE)
* Vakpati (I) (late 9th or early 10th century CE)
* Vairisimha (II) (middle 10th century CE)
* [[Siyaka]] (II) (940–972 CE)
* [[Vakpati Munja|Vakpati]] (II) alias Munja (972–990 CE)
* [[Sindhuraja]] (990–1010 CE)
* [[Bhoja]] (1010–1055 CE), greatest ruler of dynasty and also wrote [[Samarangana Sutradhara|Samarangana-Sutradhara]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uywqAQAAIAAJ |title=Sruti, Issues 184–195 |editor=P.N. Sundaresan |year=2000 |page=253 }}</ref>
* [[Jayasimha I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayasimha I]] (1055–1070 CE)
* [[Udayaditya]] (1070–1086 CE)
* [[Lakshmadeva]] (1086–1094 CE)
* [[Naravarman]] (1094–1130 CE)
* [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]] (1133–1142 CE)
* [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman I]] (1142–1143 CE)
* ''[[Interregnum]] from (1143 to 1175 CE)'' under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the [[Solanki dynasty|Solanki king]] [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]
* [[Vindhyavarman]] (1175–1194 CE)
* [[Subhatavarman]] (1194–1209 CE)
* [[Arjunavarman I]] (1210–1215 CE)
* [[Devapala (Paramara dynasty)|Devapala]] (1218–1239 CE)
* [[Jaitugideva]] (1239–1255 CE)
* [[Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman II]] (1255–1274 CE)
* [[Arjunavarman II]] (1274–1285 CE)
* [[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (1285–1301 CE)
* [[Mahalakadeva]] (1301–1305 CE), (after his death dynasty was ended in [[Malwa]] region)
 
== Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE) ==
{{main|Utpala dynasty}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Ruler !! Reign
|-
| [[Avanti Varman (Utpala dynasty)|Avantivarman]] || 853/855 – 883 CE
|-
|-
! 17
| [[Shankaravarman]] || 883 – 902 CE
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]  
| First reign
| 21 September 1752
| 31 January 1753
|-
|-
! 18
| Gopalavarman || 902 – 904 CE
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]
| Second reign
| 31 January 1753
| September 1772
|-
|-
! 19
| Sankata || 904 CE
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]  
|-
| Second reign – Was defeated by [[Mahadji Scindia]] and forced to surrender the fort and city of [[Ajmer]].
| [[Sugandha]] || 904 – 906 CE
| September 1772
|-
| 17 July 1793
| Partha || 906 – 921 CE
|-
| Nirjitavarman || 921 – 922 CE
|-
| Chakravarman || 922 – 933 CE
|-
| Shuravarman I || 933 – 934 CE
|-
| Partha (2nd reign) || 934 – 935 CE
|-
| Chakravarman (2nd reign) || 935 CE
|-
| Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) || 935 – 936 CE
|-
| Chakravarman (3rd reign) || 936 – 937 CE
|-
| Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") || 937 – 939 CE
|-
| Shuravarman II || 939 CE
|-
| Yashaskara-deva || 939 CE
|-
| Varnata || 948 CE
|-
| Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) || 948 CE
|-
| Parvagupta || 948 – 950 CE
|-
| Kshemagupta || 950 – 958 CE
|-
| Abhimanyu II || 958 – 972 CE
|-
| Nandigupta || 972 – 973 CE
|-
| Tribhuvanagupta || 973 – 975 CE
|-
|-
! 20
| Bhimagupta || 975 – 980 CE
| [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Bhim Singh]]
|
| 17 July 1793
| 19 October 1803
|-
! 21
| [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]]
| Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818.
| 19 October 1803
| 4 September 1843
|-
! 22
| [[Takht Singh|Maharaja Sir Takht Singh]]
| Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar.
| 4 September 1843
| 13 February 1873
|-
! 23
| [[Jaswant Singh II|Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II]] 
| [[Kaisar-i-Hind]]
| 13 February 1873
| 11 October 1895
|-
! 24
| [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh]]
| Colonel in the British Indian Army
| 11 October 1895
| 20 March 1911
|-
! 25
| [[Sumer Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh]]
| Colonel in the British Indian Army
| 20 March 1911
| 3 October 1918
|-
! 26
| [[Umaid Singh|Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh]]
| Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army
| 3 October 1918
| 9 June 1947
|-
! 27
| [[Hanwant Singh|Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh]]
| Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952
| 9 June 1947
| 7 April 1949
|-
|-
!28                           
| [[Didda]] || 980 to 1009/1012 CE
|[[Gaj Singh II|(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur]]  
|}
| Became head of the House on 26 January 1952
 
| 26 January 1952
[[Didda]] (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed [[Samgrāmarāja]], son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the '''[[Lohara dynasty]]'''.
| Present
 
|}<ref>{{cite book |first=Roma |last=Niyogi |year=1959 |title=The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJQBAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Oriental |page=30 |oclc=5386449}}</ref>
==Pala dynasty (Kamarupa) (900–1100 CE)==
{{main|Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)}}


==Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)==
* [[Brahma Pala]] (900–920), founder of dynasty
{{anchor|Delhi Sultanate}}
* [[Ratna Pala]] (920–960)
{{main|Delhi Sultanate}}
* [[Indra Pala]] (960–990)
* [[Go Pala]], also Gopalavarman (990–1015)
* [[Harsha Pala]] (1015–1035)
* [[Dharma Pala]] (1035–1060)
* [[Jaya Pala]] (1075–1100), last ruler of dynasty


===Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)===
==Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (910–1220 CE)==
{{anchor|Mamluk dynasty}}
{{main|Paramaras of Chandravati}}
{{main|Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)}}
* [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] (1206–1210)
* [[Aram Shah]] (1210–1211)
* [[Iltutmish|Shams-ud-din Iltutmish]] (1211–1236)
* [[Rukn ud din Firuz|Rukn-ud-din Firuz]] (1236)
* [[Razia Sultana|Raziyyat ud din Sultana]] (1236–1240)
* [[Muiz ud din Bahram|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]] (1240–1242)
* [[Ala ud din Masud|Ala-ud-din Masud]] (1242–1246)
* [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]] (1246–1266)
* [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Ghiyas-ud-din Balban]] (1266–1286)
* [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad|Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad]] (1286–1290)
* [[Shamsudin Kayumars]](1290)


===Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)===
*Utpala-raja or Utpalarāja (910–930 )
{{anchor|Khilji dynasty}}
*Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja (930–950)
{{main|Khilji dynasty}}
*Krishna-raja or Kṛṣṇarāja (950–979 )
* [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji]] (1290–1296)
*Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha (970–990)
* [[Alauddin Khilji]] (1296–1316)
*Dhurbhata or Dhūrbhaṭa (990–1000)
* [[Shihabuddin Omar|Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji]] (1316)
*Mahi-pala or Mahīpāla (1000–1020), son of Dharavaraha
* [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah|Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji]] (1316–1320)
*Dhandhuka or Dhaṃdhuka (1020–1040 )
* [[Khusrau Khan|Khusro Khan khilji]] (1320)
*Punya-pala or Purna-pala (1040–1050 )
*Danti-varmman or Daṃtivarmman (1050–1060), son of Dhandhuka
*Krishna-deva or Krishna-raja II (1060–1090), son of Dhandhuka
*Kakkala-deva or Kakala-deva (1090–1115)
*Vikrama-simha or Vikramāsiṃha (1115–1145)
*Yasho-dhavala or Yaśodhavala (1145–1160), great-grandson of Dantivarman through Yogaraja and Ramadeva
*Rana-simha or Raṇāsiṃha, (son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha)
*Dhara-varsha or Dhāravarṣa (1160–1220), son of Yashodhavala


===Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)===
==Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930–1842 CE) ==
{{anchor|Tughlaq dynasty}}
{{main|History of Ladakh}}
{{main|Tughlaq dynasty}}
* [[Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq|Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq I]] (1321–1325)
* [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I]] (1325–1351)
* [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (1351–1388)
* [[Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II]] (1388–1389)
* [[Abu Bakr Shah]] (1389–1390)
* [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III|Muhammad Shah Tughluq III]] (1390–1394)
* [[Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah|Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq]] (1394)
* [[Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV]] (1394–1413)


After the invasion of [[Timur]] in 1398, the governor of [[Multan]], [[Khizr Khan]] abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
===Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930–1460 CE)===
{{main|Maryul}}


===Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)===
Known Maryul rulers were:
{{anchor|Jaunpur Sultanate}}
*[[Lhachen Palgyigon]] (c. 930 CE)
{{main|Jaunpur Sultanate}}
*[[Lhachen Utpala]] (c. 1110 CE)
* Malik Sarwar 1394–1399 C.E.
* Mubarak Shah Malik Qaranfal 1399–1402
* Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim Shah Ibrahim Khan 1402–1440
* Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Mahmud Khan 1440–1457
* Muhammad Shah Bhi Khan 1457–1458
* Hussain Shah Hussain Khan 1458–1479


===Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)===
===Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460–1842 CE)===
{{anchor|Sayyid dynasty}}
{{main|Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh}}
{{main|Sayyid dynasty}}
* [[Khizr Khan]] (1414–1421)
* [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] (1421–1434)
* [[Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Muhammad Shah]] (1434–1445)
* [[Alam Shah]] (1445–1451)


===Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)===
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |year=1977 |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c.&nbsp;950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |pages=171–172}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector|first=M. L.|last=Sali|date=20 April 1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170249641|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|first=H. N.|last=Kaul|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
{{anchor|Lodi dynasty}}
#[[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460–1485)
{{main|Lodi dynasty}}
#Unknown (c. 1485–1510)
* [[Bahlol Khan Lodi]] (1451–1489)
#Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
* [[Sikandar Lodi]] (1489–1517)
#Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
* [[Ibrahim Lodi]] (1517–1526), defeated by [[Babur]] (who replaced the [[Delhi Sultanate]] with the [[Mughal Empire]])
#Tashi Namgyal ('''BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1555-1575) son{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=28–29}}
#Tsewang Namgyal I (''Ts'e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1575–1595) nephew{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=31–32}}
#Namgyal Gonpo (''rNam-rgyal-mgon-po'', c. 1595–1600) brother
#[[Jamyang Namgyal]] (''Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1595–1616) brother{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=33–37}}
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (''Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal'', first time, 1616–1623) son{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=38–56}}
#Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (second time, 1624–1642)
#Deldan Namgyal (''Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal'', 1642–1694) son
#Delek Namgyal  (''Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1680–1691) son
#Nyima Namgyal  (''Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal'', 1694–1729) son
#Deskyong Namgyal (''Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1729–1739) son
#Phuntsog Namgyal (''P'un‐ts'ogs‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1739–1753) son
#Tsewang Namgyal II (''Ts'e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal'', 1753–1782) son
#Tseten Namgyal  (''Ts'e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1782–1802) son
#[[Tsepal Dondup Namgyal]] (''Ts'e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1802–1837, 1839–1840) brother
#Kunga Namgyal II (''Kun‐dga'‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1840–1842) grandson


==Vaghela dynasty (c. 1244–1304 CE)==
*'''Later [[Ladakh]] was conquered by [[Sikh Empire]] in 1842 CE.'"
{{main|Vaghela dynasty}}


The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
==Solanki dynasty (Chalukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)==
*Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
{{main|Chaulukya dynasty}}
*Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
*Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
*Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
*Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.


==Jaffna Kingdom (Aryacakravarti dynasty) (c. 1277–1619 CE)==
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |author-link=Romila Thapar |year=2008 |title=Somanatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&pg=PA236 |publisher=Penguin |page=236 |isbn=9780143064688}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=A. K. Majumdar |year=1956 |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=199 |oclc=4413150 }}</ref>
{{Main|Jaffna Kingdom}}


* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]] (1277–1284)
* [[Mularaja]] ({{circa|940|995}})
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] (1284–1292)
* [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamundaraja]] ({{circa|996|1008}})
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] (1292–1302)
* [[Vallabharaja]] ({{circa|1008}})
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1302–1325)
* [[Durlabharaja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Durlabharaja]] ({{circa|1008|1022}})
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] (1325–1348)
* [[Bhima I]] ({{circa|1022|1064}})
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] (1348–1371)
* [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]] ({{circa|1064|1092}})
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1371–1380)
* [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] ({{circa|1092|1142}})
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410)
* [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] ({{circa|1142|1171}})
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1410–1440)
* [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]] ({{circa|1171|1175}})
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
* [[Mularaja II]] ({{circa|1175|1178}})
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] (1478–1519)
* [[Bhima II]] ({{circa|1178|1240}})
* [[Cankili I]] (1519–1561)
* [[Tribhuvanapala]] ({{circa|1240|1244}})
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] (1565–1570)
* [[Periyapillai]] (1565–1582)
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] (1591–1617)
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title= genealogy of the royal house of jaffna}}</ref>


==Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)==
== Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE) ==
{{main|Bahmani dynasty}}
{{main |Kachchhapaghata dynasty}}


* Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
===Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch===
* [[Mohammed Shah I|Muhammad Shah I]] (1358–1375)
* Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
* Daud Shah I (1378)
* Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
* Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
* Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
* [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] (1397–1422)
* [[Ahmad Shah I Wali]] (1422–1435), established his capital at [[Bidar]]
* Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
* Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
* [[Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III]] (1461–1463)
* [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]] (1463–1482)
* [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]](1482–1518)
* Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
* Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
* Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
* Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)


===Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)===
* Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
{{main|Malwa Sultanate}}
* Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
 
* Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
====Ghoris (1390–1436)====
* Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
* Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
* [[Hoshang Shah|Alp Khan Hushang]] (1405–1435)
* Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
*Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
* Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
* Masud Khan (1436)
* Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
* Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
* Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)


====Khaljis (1436–1535)====
===Dubkund (Dobha) branch===
* [[Mahmud Shah I]] (1436–1469)
* [[Ghiyath Shah]] (1469–1500)
* Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
* [[Mahmud Shah II]] (1511–1530)


====Under Gujarat (1530–1534)====
* Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
* Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)
* Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
* Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
* Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)


== Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523) ==
===Nalapura (Narwar) branch===


The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty |year=1984 |title=Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Arnold-Heinemann |pages=98–116 |isbn=978-0-391-03223-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=B. D. Misra |year=1993 |title=Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Manohar |pages=27–46 |isbn=978-81-7304-047-4 }}</ref>
* Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
* Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
* Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite journal |author=Michael D. Willis |title=Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4264424 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |year=1996 |page=14 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506}}</ref><ref name="TSP_ASI_Kadwaha">{{cite web |url=http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |title=Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010) |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project) |location=Bhopal |access-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828191402/http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
==Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)==
! Name in dynasty's inscriptions ([[IAST]]) !! Reign !! Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
{{main|Jaipur State}}
|-
{{see also|Kachhwaha|Dhundhar}}
| Vīrasiṃha-deva || c. 1375-1400 (c. 1394-1400 in Gwalior) || Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Badauni]]'s writings), Nar Singh (in [[Firishta]]'s and Nizamuddin's writings).<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |year=1963 |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=6 |oclc=500687579}}</ref>
|-
| Uddharaṇa-deva || c. 1400–1402 || Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sant Lal Katare |title=Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior |journal=Journal of the Oriental Institute |volume=XXIII |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGBjAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University |page=346}}</ref>
|-
| Virāma-deva || c. 1402–1423 || Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in [[Firishta]]'s writings)
|-
| Gaṇapati-deva || 1423–1425 || Ganpati Dev
|-
| Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha || 1425–1459 || Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
|-
| Kirtisiṃha-deva || 1459–1480 || Kirti Singh Tomar
|-
| Kalyāṇamalla || 1480–1486 || Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
|-
| [[Man Singh Tomar|Māna-siṃha]] || 1486–1516 || Mana Sahi, Man Singh
|-
| Vikramāditya || 1516–1523 || Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit
|}


==Shahi dynasties (1490–1686)==
Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and [[Dulha Rao]] defeated [[Meena]] of [[Dhundhar|Dhundhar kingdom]] & established [[Jaipur State|Kachwaha dynasty]], which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in [[Jaipur]] district of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n17 1] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref>


===Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619)===
===Rulers===
{{main|Bidar Sultanate}}
 
* 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)
* 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 [[Dulha Rao]] (d. 1036)
* 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)
* 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)
* 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)
* 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)
* 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)
* 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)
* 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)
* 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)
* 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)
* 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)
* 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)
* 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)
* 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)
* 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)
* 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)
* 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 [[Prithviraj Singh I]] (d. 1527)<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1994 |orig-year=1984 |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31|publisher=Orient Longman |page=31 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 }}</ref>
* 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 [[Puranmal]] (d. 1534)<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=33}}</ref>
* 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] (d. 1537)
* 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 [[Ratan Singh of Amber|Ratan Singh]] (d. 1548)
* 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 [[Askaran]] (d. 1599)
* 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 [[Bharmal]] (d. 1574)
* 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 [[Bhagwant Das]] (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
* 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 [[Man Singh]] (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
* 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 [[Bhau Singh]] (d. 1621)
* 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 [[Jai Singh I]] (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
* 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688:  [[Ram Singh I]] (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
* 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699:  [[Bishan Singh]] (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
* 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743:  [[Jai Singh II]] (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
* 1743 – 12 Dec 1750:  [[Ishvari Singh|Ishwari Singh]] (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
* Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768:  [[Madho Singh I]] (b. 1728 – d. 1768)<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=259}}</ref>
* 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778:  [[Prithvi Singh II]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=260}}</ref>
* 1778 – 1803:  [[Pratap Singh of Jaipur|Pratap Singh]] (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
* 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh II]] (b. ... – d. 1818)
* 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: [[Mohan Singh]] (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
* 25 Apr 1819 –  6 Feb 1835: [[Jai Singh III]] (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
* Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: [[Ram Singh II]] (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
* 18 Sep 1880 –  7 Sep 1922: [[Madho Singh II]] (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
* 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary):  [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
* 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): [[Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed [[Jaipur State]] with [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] in 1949 CE.<ref>Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Prasad|1966|pp=1–3}}</ref>
 
===Titular rulers===


* [[Qasim Barid I]] 1490–1504
* 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]]
* [[Amir Barid I]] 1504–1542
* 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: [[Bhawani Singh|Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
* [[Ali Barid Shah I]] 1542–1580
''Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the [[Indian Constitution]].''
* [[Ibrahim Barid Shah]] 1580–1587
* 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: [[Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
* [[Qasim Barid Shah II]] 1587–1591
*17 Apr 2011 – present: [[Padmanabh Singh]] (b. 1998)
* [[Ali Barid Shah II]] 1591
* [[Amir Barid Shah II]] 1591–1601
* [[Mirza Ali Barid Shah III]] 1601–1609
* [[Amir Barid Shah III]] 1609–1619


===Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572)===
==Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000–1225 CE)==
{{main|Berar Sultanate}}
{{main|Kalachuris of Ratnapura}}


* [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] (1490–1504)
The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:<ref>{{cite book |author=P. C. Roy |chapter=The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura |title=The Coinage of Northern India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2Et2zZGJPUC&pg=PA18 |year=1980 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-122-5}}</ref>
* [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] (1504–1530)
* [[Darya Imad Shah]] (1530–1562)
* [[Burhan Imad Shah]] (1562–1574)
* [[Tufal Khan]] 1574


===Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)===
* Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
{{main|Adil Shahi dynasty}}
* Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
* Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
* Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
* Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
* [[Ratnadeva II|Ratna-Deva II]] (1120–1135 CE)
* [[Prithvi-deva II]] (1135–1165 CE)
* Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
* Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
* Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
* Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
* Parmardi Dev (governor of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]])


* [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] (1490–1511)
==Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)==
* [[Ismail Adil Shah]] (1511–1534)
{{main|Hoysala Empire}}
* [[Mallu Adil Shah]] (1534)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] (1534–1558)
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]] (1558–1579)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] (1580–1627)
* [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur]] (1627–1657)
* [[Ali Adil Shah II]] (1657–1672)
* [[Sikandar Adil Shah]] (1672–1686)


===Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)===
* Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
{{main|Ahmadnagar Sultanate}}
{{Hoysala Kings Infobox}}


* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]] 1490–1510
==Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)==
* [[Burhan Shah I|Burhan Nizam Shah I]] 1510–1553
{{main|Lohara dynasty}}
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] 1553–1565
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]] 1565–1588
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah II]] 1588–1589
* [[Ismail Nizam Shah]] 1589–1591
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah II]] 1591–1595
* [[Ibrahim Nizam Shah]] 1595–1596
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II]] 1596
* [[Bahadur Nizam Shah]] 1596–1600
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]] 1600–1610
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]] 1610–1631
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah III]] 1631–1633
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah III]] 1633–1636


====Qadirid (1535–1555)====
The '''Lohara dynasty''' were [[Hindu]] rulers of [[Kashmir]] from the [[Khasas|Khasa tribe]],{{sfn|Stein|1989b|p=433}}{{sfn|Thakur|1990|p=287}} in the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]], between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the [[Samgramaraja]], the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the [[Utpala dynasty]] Queen [[Didda]].


* [[Qadir Shah]] (1535–1542)
===First Lohara dynasty ===
*<small>Under the [[Mughal Empire]] (1542–1555)</small>


===Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686)===
{| class="wikitable"
{{main|Qutb Shahi dynasty}}
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133-138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
|-
| [[Sangramaraja]] (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) || 25 Years|| 1003 CE || Nephew of Didda. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning [[Lohara dynasty]]'s rule over Kashmir
|-
| Hariraja || 22&nbsp;days || 1028 CE ||
|-
| [[Ananta (king)|Ananta-deva]] || 35 Years|| 1028 CE || Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara
|-
| Kalasha (Ranaditya II) || 26 Years|| 1063 CE || Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by [[sati (practice)|sati]]-suicide by his mother. His son Harsha revolted against him, and was imprisoned.
|-
| Utkarsha || 22&nbsp;days || 1089 CE || Second son of Kalasha. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide
|-
| [[Harsha of Kashmir|Harsha]] || 12 Years|| died in 1101&nbsp;CE ||[[File:Harshadeva of Kashmir 1089-1101 CE.jpg|150px|right|Harshadeva of Kashmir 1089-1101 CE]] In his early years, he was a sagacious king, and a patron of art and literature. The later years of his reign were marked by unsuccessful military campaigns, resulting in excessive taxation and plundering of temples. Revolts by his generals [[Uchchala]] and Sussala (of Lohara family) ended his reign. His son Bhoja was killed, and Harsha himself was killed by Uchchala's men while hiding in a village.
|}


* [[Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk]] (1518–1543)
===Second Lohara dynasty ===
* [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]] (1543–1550)
* [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]] (1550)
* [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]] (1550–1580)
* [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] (1580–1612)
* [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]] (1612–1626)
* [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] (1626–1672)
* [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] (1672–1686)


==Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826)==
{| class="wikitable"
{{anchor|Ahom dynasty}}
! Ruler{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133-138}} !! Notes
{{main|Ahom dynasty}}
|-
{{see also|History of Assam}}
| [[Uchchala]] || Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Murdered by Radda.
* [[Sukaphaa]] (1228–1268)
|-
* [[Suteuphaa]] (1268–1281)
| Radda (Shankharaja) || Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara
* [[Subinphaa]] (1281–1293)
|-
* [[Sukhaangphaa]] (1293–1332)
| Salhana || Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned.
* [[Sukhrampha]] (1332–1364)
|-
* [[Interregnum]] (1364–1369)
| Sussala || Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support
* [[Sutuphaa]] (1369–1376)
|-
* ''[[Interregnum]]'' (1376–1380)
| Bhikshachara || Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Brought up by [[Naravarman]], the king of [[Malwa|Malava]]. Deposed Sussala.
* [[Tyao Khamti]] (1380–1389)
|-
* ''Interregnum'' (1389–1397)
| Sussala (2nd reign) || Within 6&nbsp;months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war
* [[Sudangphaa]] (1397–1407)
|-
* [[Sujangphaa]] (1407–1422)
| Jayasimha (Sinha-deva) || Sussala's son. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign.
* [[Suphakphaa]] (1422–1439)
|}
* [[Susenphaa]] (1439–1488)
 
* [[Suhenphaa]] (1488–1493)
==Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE) ==
* [[Supimphaa]] (1493–1497)
{{main|Khasa Malla kingdom}}
* [[Suhungmung|Swarganarayan]] (1497–1539)
* [[Suklenmung]] (1539–1552)
* [[Sukhaamphaa]] (1552–1603)
* [[Susenghphaa|Pratap Singha]] (1603–1641)
* [[Suramphaa|Jayaditya Singha]] (1641–1644)
* [[Sutingphaa]] (1644–1648)
* [[Sutamla|Jayadhwaj Singha]] (1648–1663)
* [[Supangmung|Chakradhwaj Singha]] (1663–1670)
* [[Sunyatphaa|Udayaaditya Singha]] (1670–1672)
* [[Suklamphaa|Ramadhwaj Singha]] (1672–1674)
* Suhunga (1674–1675)
* Gobar (1675–1675)
* [[Sujinphaa]] (1675–1677)
* [[Sudoiphaa]] (1677–1679)
* [[Sulikphaa|Ratnadhwaj Singha]] (1679–1681)
* [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Singha]] (1681–1696)
* [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] (1696–1714)
* [[Sutanphaa|Siba Singha]] (1714–1744)
* [[Sunenphaa|Pramatta Singha]] (1744–1751)
* [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]] (1751–1769)
* [[Sunyeophaa|Lakshmi Singha]] (1769–1780)
* [[Suhitpangphaa|Gaurinath Singha]] (1780–1795)
* [[Suklingphaa|Kamaleswar Singha]] (1795–1811)
* [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Singha]] (1811–1818)
* [[Purandar Singha]] (1818–1819)
* [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Singha]] (1819–1821)
* [[Jogeshwar Singha]] (1821–1822)
* [[Purandar Singha]] (1833–1838)


==Manikya dynasty (c. 1400–1949)==
The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by [[Giuseppe Tucci]] is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:{{sfn|Tucci|1956|p=66}}
{{anchor|Manikya dynasty}}
{{main|Manikya dynasty}}
*[[Maha Manikya]] {{circa}}1400–1431
*[[Dharma Manikya I]] 1431–1462
*[[Ratna Manikya I]] 1462–{{circa}}1487
*[[Pratap Manikya]] {{circa}}1487
*[[Vijaya Manikya I]] 1488
*[[Mukut Manikya]] 1489
*[[Dhanya Manikya]] 1490–1515
*[[Dhwaja Manikya]] 1515–1520
*[[Deva Manikya]] 1520–1530
*[[Indra Manikya I]] 1530–1532
*[[Vijaya Manikya II]] 1532–1563
*[[Ananta Manikya]] 1563–1567
*[[Udai Manikya]] 1567–1573
*[[Joy Manikya I]] 1573–1577
*[[Amar Manikya]] 1577–1585
*[[Rajdhar Manikya I]] 1586–1600
*[[Ishwar Manikya]] 1600
*[[Yashodhar Manikya]] 1600–1623
*[[Kalyan Manikya]] 1626–1660
*[[Govinda Manikya]] 1660–1661 (first reign)
*[[Chhatra Manikya]] 1661–1667
*Govinda Manikya 1667–1673 (second reign)
*[[Rama Manikya]] 1673–1685
*[[Ratna Manikya II]] 1685–1693 (first reign)
*[[Narendra Manikya]] 1693–1695
*Ratna Manikya II 1695–1712 (second reign)
*[[Mahendra Manikya]] 1712–1714
*[[Dharma Manikya II]] 1714–1725 (first reign)
*[[Jagat Manikya]] 1725–1729
*Dharma Manikya II 1729 (second reign)
*[[Mukunda Manikya]] 1729–1739
*[[Joy Manikya II]] 1739–1744
*[[Indra Manikya II]] 1744–1746
*[[Vijaya Manikya III]] 1746–1748
*[[Lakshman Manikya]] {{Circa|1750s}}
*[[Krishna Manikya]] 1760–1783
*[[Rajdhar Manikya II]] 1785–1806
*[[Rama Ganga Manikya]] 1806–1809 (first reign)
*[[Durga Manikya]] 1809–1813
*Rama Ganga Manikya 1813–1826 (second reign)
*[[Kashi Chandra Manikya]] 1826–1829
*[[Krishna Kishore Manikya]] 1829–1849
*[[Ishan Chandra Manikya]] 1849–1862
*[[Bir Chandra Manikya]] 1862–1896
*[[Radha Kishore Manikya]] 1896–1909
*[[Birendra Kishore Manikya]] 1909–1923
*[[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarma|Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya]] 1923–1947
*[[Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman|Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya]] 1947–1949
*[[Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman|Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya]] 1949–2006 (Tripura after mergered with India)
*[[Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman|Pradyot Kishore Manikya]] 2006 – present


==Baro-Bhuyan (1576–1632)==
;List–
{{anchor|Baro-Bhuyan}}
* Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
{{main|Baro-Bhuyan}}
* Chaap/Cāpa
*[[Isa Khan]]
* Chapilla/Cāpilla
*[[Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)]]
* Krashichalla
*[[Masum Khan]]
* Kradhichalla
* Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
* Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
* Jitari Malla
* Ananda Malla
* Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
* Sangrama Malla
* Aditya Malla
* Kalyana Malla
* Pratapa Malla
* Punya Malla
* Prithvi Malla
* Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)


==Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)==
==Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE)==
{{main|Nayaka dynasties}}
{{main|Sena dynasty}}


===Musunuri Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1325–1368 CE)===
* [[Hemanta Sen]] (1070–1096), founder of dynasty
{{main|Musunuri Nayakas }}
* [[Vijay Sen]] (1096–1159)
* [[Ballal Sen]] (1159–1179)
* [[Lakshman Sen]] (1179–1206)
* [[Vishwarup Sen]] (1206–1225)
* [[Keshab Sen]] (1225–1230), last ruler


There were two Musunuri Nayak:
==Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)==
* Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)
{{anchor|Kakatiya dynasty}}
* [[Musunuri Kapaya Nayak]] (1333–1368)
{{main|Kakatiya dynasty}}
* Beta I (1000–1030)
* Prola I (1030–1075)
* Beta II (1075–1110)
* [[Prola II]] (1110–1158)
* Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent  ruler of this dynasty]
* Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
* Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
* [[Rudrama Devi]] (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
* Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]


===Recherla Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1368–1435 CE)===
==Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)==
{{main|Recherla Nayakas}}
{{Main | Gahadavala dynasty}}
Known rulers are:
*Anapota Nayaka


===Gandikota Kingdom (Pemmasani Nayaks) (c. 1441–1685 CE)===
;List of rulers–
{{main|Pemmasani Nayaks}}
* [[Chandradeva]] (c. 1089–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Madanapala (Gahadavala dynasty)|Madanapala]] (c. 1104–1113 CE)
* [[Govindachandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Govindachandra]] (c. 1114–1155 CE
* [[Vijayachandra]] (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
* [[Jayachandra]] (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
* [[Harishchandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Harishchandra]] (c. 1194–1197 CE), last ruler of dynasty{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=272}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|pp=115–117}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=38}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=41}}


This is the list of Pemmasani Kings:
==Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097–1324 CE)==
{{main|Karnat dynasty}}


* Pemmasani Kumara Veera Timma Nayaka (1441–1462)
;List of rulers–
* Pemmasani Chenna vibhudu (1462–1505)
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
* Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayaka (1505–1540)
|-
* Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka (1540–1565)
! S.N. !! Name of the rulers !! Timeline !! Notes
* Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka (1565–1598)
|-
* Pemmasani Timma Nayaka (1598–1623)
| 1 || [[Nanyadeva]].<ref name='Visit'>{{cite journal |last1=Hodgson |first1=B. H. |year=1835 |title=Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society |volume=4  |pages=121−124 |url=https://archive.org/details/JournalOfTheAsiaticSocietyOfBengalVolIv1835}}</ref> || 1097 - 1147 CE<ref name='Mithila'>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JO4toCiJ2ecC |title=Mithilak Itihas |trans-title=मिथिलाक इतिहास|last=Chaudhary |first=Radhakrishna |publisher=Ram Vilas Sahu |isbn=9789380538280 |pages=70–112 |language=hi}}</ref> ||
* Pemmasani Chinna Timma Nayaka (1623–1652)
|-
* Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka (1652–1685)
| 2 || [[Gangadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1147 - 1187 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||
|-
| 3 || [[Narsimhadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1187 - 1227 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||
|-
| 4 || [[Ramasimhadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1227 - 1285 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||
|-
| 5 || Shaktisimhadeva<ref name='Visit'/> || 1285 - 1295 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||
|-
| 6 || [[Harisimhadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1295 - 1324 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||
|}


===Keladi Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1499–1763 CE)===
==Zamorin dynasty of Calicut (1124–1806 CE)==
{{main|Nayakas of Keladi}}
{{Main|Zamorin}}


*Chauda Gowda, (1499–1530)
;List of rulers–
*Sadashiva Nayaka (1530–1566)
*Sankanna Nayaka (1566–1570)
*Chikka Sankanna Nayaka (1570–1580)
*Rama Raja Nayaka (1580–1586)
*Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (1586–1629)
*Virabhadra Nayaka (1629–1645)
*Shivappa Nayaka (1645–1660)
*Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka (1660–1662)
*Bhadrappa Nayaka (1662–1664)
*Somashekara Nayaka I (1664–1672)
*Keladi Chennamma (1672–1697)
*Basavappa Nayaka (1697–1714)
*Somashekara Nayaka II (1714–1739)
*Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka (1739–1754)
*Chenna Basappa Nayaka (1754–1757)
*Queen Virammaji (1757–1763)


===Gingee (Senji) Nayak Kingdom (c. 1509–1649 CE)===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
{{main|Nayaks of Gingee}}
|-
 
! No. of Zamorin !! Name !! Reign !! Important events
Some of the Nayakas in the Gingee line were:
|-
 
| 1 || Mana Vikrama (Manikkan) || N/A || The legendary founder of the ruling family.
*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
|-
*Chennappa Nayaka
| 27 || || 8 years || Kozhikode city is established
*Gangama Nayaka
|-
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
| 65 || || 1339–1347 || [[Ibn Battuta]] at Kozhikode (1342–1347)
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
|-
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
| 73 || || 1402–1410 || [[Ma Huan]] at Kozhikode (1403)
*Varadappa Nayaka
|-
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
| 78 || || 1442–1450 || The visits of [[Abdur Razzaq (traveller)|Abdur Razzak]] (1442) and [[Niccolò de' Conti]] (1444)
*Venkata Perumal Naidu
|-
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
| 81 || Mana Vikrama the Great || 1466–1474 || [[Athanasius Nikitin]] (1468–1474) visits Kozhikode.
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)
|-
 
| 82 || Mana Veda || 1474–1482 ||
''Srinivasachari takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and mentions the following Nayakas in the Gingee line, noting governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464:''
|-
 
| 84 || || 1495–1500 || The arrival of [[Vasco da Gama]] (1498)
*1490 – Vaiyappa Nayak
|-
*1490–1520 – Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka (originally Bala / Vala Krishnappa who became Tubbaki / Dubakki / Dubala Krishnappa in local legends).
| 85 || || 1500–1513 || The occupations of Kochi (1503–1504)
*1520–1540 – Achyuta Vijaya Ramachandra Nayak
|-
*1540–1550 – Muthialu Nayak
| 86 || || 1513–1522 || Treaty with Portuguese (1513), and the erection of the Portuguese fort at Calicut (1514)
*1570–1600 – Venkatappa Nayak
|-
*1600–1620 – Varadappa Nayak
| 87 || || 1522–1529 || The expulsion of Portuguese from Calicut
*Appa Nayak – up to Muslim conquest.
|-
 
| 88 || || 1529–1531 || The building of Portuguese fort at Chaliyam (1531)
===Madurai Nayak Kingdom (c. 1529–1736 CE)===
|-
{{main|Madurai Nayak dynasty}}
| 89 || || 1531–1540 || Battles with the Portuguese
 
|-
*Viswanatha Nayak (1529–1563)
| 90 || || 1540–1548 || Treaty with Portuguese (1540)
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayak (1563–1573)
|-
*Joint Rulers Group I (1573–1595)
| 91 || || 1548–1560 || Adoption of the chief of Bardela (150) and the battles with the Portuguese.
*Joint Rulers Group II (1595–1602)
|-
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1602–1609)
| 92 || Viraraya || 1560–1562 ||
*Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)
|-
*Tirumala Nayak (1623–1659)
| 93 || Mana Vikrama || 1572–1574 || The expulsion of the Portuguese from Chaliyam (1571)
*Muthu Alakadri Nayak (1659–1662)
|-
*Chokkanatha Nayak (1662–1682)
| 94 || || 1574–1578 || Battles with the Portuguese
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
|-
*Rani Mangammal (1689–1704)
| 95 || || 1578–1588 || The Portuguese allowed a factory at Ponnani (1584)
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayak (1704–1731)
|-
*Queen Meenakshi (1731–1736)
| 96 || || 1588–1597 || The settlement of the Portuguese at Calicut (1591)
 
|-
===Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)===
| 97 || || 1597–1599 || Battles with Marakkar (1598–1599)
{{main|Thanjavur Nayak kingdom}}
|-
 
| 98 || || 1599–1604 || Capture of Marakkar's stronghold (1600)
*Chevvappa Nayak a.k.a. Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
|-
*Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
| 99 || || 1604–1617 || Siege of Cannanore (1604–1617) and treaties with the Dutch (1604 and 1608) and the English (1615)
*Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
|-
*Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)
| 100 || Mana Vikrama || 1617–1627 ||
 
|-
===Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)===
| 101 || || 1627–1630 ||
{{main|Nayaks of Vellore}}
|-
 
| 102 || || 1630–1637 ||
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
|-
 
| 103 || Mana Vikrama (Saktan Tampuran) || 1637–1648 || The uncle of the author of the ''Krishnanatakam''
*Chinna Bommi Reddy
|-
*Thimma Reddy Nayak
| 104 || ''Tiruvonam Tirunal'' || 1648–1655 ||
*Lingama Nayak
|-
| 105 || Mana Veda || 1655–1658 || The author of the ''Krishnanatakam''
|-
| 106 || ''Asvati Tirunal'' || 1658–1662 || The expulsion of the Portuguese from Kodungallur (1662)
|-
| 107 || ''Puratam Tirunal'' || 16621666 || The expulsion of Portuguese from Kochi (1663)
|-
| 108 || || 1666–1668 || Battles with the Dutch
|-
| 109 || || 1668–1671 || The destruction of the Cheraman Sword
|-
| 110 || ''Uttrattati Tirunal'' || 1671–1684 || Cession of Chetwai to the Dutch
|-
| 111 || ''Bharani Tirunal'' Mana Vikrama<ref name="worldstate">{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html |title=Indian Princely States K-Z |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |access-date=2015-12-23}}</ref> || 1684–1705 || The terror of the Dutch. Two Mamankams (1694 and 1695)
|-
| 112 || Nileswaram Tirunal || 1705–1711 || Adoptions from Nileswaram (1706 and 1707)
|-
| 113 || || 1711–1729 || The Dutch War (1715–1718)
|-
| 114 || Mana Vikrama || 1729–1741 ||
|-
| 115 || Zamorin from Kilakke Kovilakam || 1741–1746 ||
|-
| 116 || Putiya Kovilakam || 1746–1758 || The Dutch War (1753–1758)
|-
| 117 || Kilakke Kovilakam || 1758–1766 || Battles with Travancore and the invasion of Mysore, committed suicide. Annexed by Mysore.
|-
| 118|| Putiya Kovilakam|| 1766–1788 ||
|-
| 119 || Kerala Varma Vikrama (Putiya Kovilakam)|| 1788–1798 || Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
|-
| 120 || Krishna Varma (Putiya Kovilakam) || 1798–1806 || Agreement of 1806 with EIC (died in 1816)
|}<ref name="ayyar">{{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=K. V. |year=1999 |title=The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806 |publisher=Publication Division, University of Calicut |page=14 |isbn=978-81-7748-000-9}}</ref>


===Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1588–1779 CE)===
== Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (c. 1130–1184 CE) ==
{{main|Nayakas of Chitradurga}}
{{main|Kalachuris of Kalyani}}


*Timmanna Nayaka (1568–1589)
;List of rulers–
*Obanna Nayaka I (1588–1602)
* [[Bijjala II]] (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from [[Western Chalukya Empire|Kalyani Chalukyas]] in 1162 CE
*Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I (1602–1652)
* Sovideva (1168–1176)
*Madakari Nayaka II (1652–1674)
* Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
*Obanna Nayaka II (1674–1675)  
* Sankama (1176–1180)
*Shoora Kantha Nayaka (1675–1676)  
* Ahavamalla (1180–83)
*Chikkanna Nayaka (1676–1686)
* Singhana (1183–84), last ruler
*Madakari Nayaka III (1686–1688)
*Donne Rangappa Nayaka (1688–1689)
*Bharamanna Nayaka of Bilichodu (1689–1721)
*Madakari Nayaka IV (1721–1748)
*Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II (1748–1758),  
*Madakari Nayaka (1758–1779)


===Kandy Nayak Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)===
== Jadeja Kingdom of Kutch (c. 1147–1948 CE) ==
{{main|Nayaks of Kandy}}
{{main|Kingdom of Kutch|Jadeja}}


*Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739–1747)
;List of rulers–
*Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747–1782)
Cutch was ruled by the [[Jadeja]] [[Rajput]] dynasty of the [[Samma tribe]]<ref name=i>{{cite journal|journal=[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]|title=Cutch|volume=11
*Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha (1782–1798)
|year=1908|pages=75–80|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_084.gif}}</ref> from its formation in 1147 until 1948 when it acceded to newly formed, India. The rulers had migrated from [[Sindh]] into Kutch in late 12th century. They were entitled to a 17-gun salute by the British authorities. The title of rulers was earlier Ja'am, which during British Raj changed to [[Maharao]] made hereditary from 1 Jan 1918.<ref>Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers – Page 54</ref>
*Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815)<ref>{{cite book |last=Somasekhara Sarma |first=Mallampalli |year=1946 |title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32066 |publisher=Andhra University |location=Waltair |p=81}}: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rama Rao |first=M. |year=1947 |title=The Fall of Warangal and After |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=10 |page=295 |jstor=44137150 |quote="It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs."}}</ref>


===Other Nayaka kingdoms===
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[Nayakas of Shorapur]]
! Rulers
* [[Nayakas of Kalahasti]]
! Accession
* Nayakas of Harappanahalli
|-
* Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
|  Lakho Jadani
* Nayakas of Kuppam
|    AD 1147
* Nayakas of Rayalaseema
|-
* Nayakas of Jarimale
|  Ratto Rayadhan
* Nayakas of Gudekote
|    AD 1175
* Nayakas of Nayakanahatti<ref>{{cite book|last=Howes|first=Jennifer|title=The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=07-0071-585-1|page=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Velcheru Narayana |last2=Shulman |first2=David |last3=Subrahmanyam |first3=Sanjay |year=1998 |title=Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=18}}</ref>
|-
|  Othaji
|    AD 1215
|-
| Rao Gaoji
|    AD 1255
|-
| Rao Vehanji
|    AD 1285
|-
| Rao Mulvaji
|    AD 1321
|-
| Rao Kaiyaji
|    AD 1386
|-
| Rao Amarji
|    AD 1406
|-
| Rao Bhhemji
|    AD 1429
|-
| Rao Hamirji
|    AD 1472
|-
| [[Jam Raval]]
|  AD 1524
|-
| [[Khengarji I]]
|    AD 1548
|-
| Bharmalji I
|    AD 1585
|-
| Bhojrajji
|    AD 1631
|-
| Khengarji II
|    AD 1645
|-
| Tamachi
|    AD 1654
|-
| Rayadhan II
|    AD 1665
|-
| 1698–1715
| [[Pragmalji I]] (b. 16 ... – d. 1715)
|-
| 1715–1719
| [[Godji I]] (b. 16 ... – d. 1718)
|-
| 1718–1752
| [[Deshalji I]] (b.1682 – d. 1752)
|-
| 1741–1752
| [[Lakhpatji]] (regent) (b. 1717 – d. 1761)
|-
| 1752–1760
| Lakhpatji (b. 1717 – d. 1761)
|-
| 1760–1778
| [[Godji II]] (b. 1734 – d. 1778)
|-
| 1778–1786
| [[Rayadhan III]] (1st time) (b. 1763 – d. 1813)
|-
| 1786–1801
| [[Prithvirajji]] (b. 1774 – d. 1801)
|-
| 1786 − 5 October 1813
| [[Fateh Muhammad]] (regent)
|-
| 5 October 1813 − 30 October 1813
| [[Rayadhan III]] (2nd time)
|-
| 30 October 1813 – 6 November 1814
| Husain Miyan (regent)
|-
| 6 November 1814 − 25 March 1819
| [[Bharmalji II]] (b. 1798 – d. 1846)
|-
| 25 March 1819 − 26 July 1860
| [[Deshalji II]] (b. 1814 – d. 1860)
|-
| 26 July 1860 − 19 December 1875
| [[Pragmalji II]] (b. 1839 – d. 1875)
|-
| 19 December 1875 − 15 January 1942
| [[Khengarji III]] (b. 1866 – d. 1942)
|-
| 15 January 1942 − 26 February 1948
| [[Vijayaraji]] (b. 1885 – d. 1948)
|-
| 26 February 1948 − 1 June 1948
| [[Madansinhji]]
|}


==Reddy dynasty (1325–1548)==
== Bhati kingdom of Jaisalmer (c. 1153–1947 CE) ==
{{anchor|Reddy dynasty}}
{{Main| Jaisalmer State}}
{{main|Reddi Kingdom}}
{{See also| Bhati | Jaisalmer| Rawal}}


* [[Prolaya Vema Reddy]] (1325–1335)
=== Rawals ===
* Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
* Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
* Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
* Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
* Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
* Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)


==Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)==
*[[Rawal Jaisal|Rawal Jaisal Singh]]
{{anchor|Vijayanagara Empire}}
(1153–1168),  founder of kingdom
{{main|Vijayanagara Empire}}
*Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)
*Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)
*Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)
*Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)
*Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)
*Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)
*Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)
*Rawal Jaitsi Singh I (1276–1294)
*Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)
*Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306)
*Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)
*Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)
*Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)
*Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)
*Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)
*Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)
*Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)
*Rawal [[Karan Singh II]] (1530–1530)
*Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551)
*Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)
*Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578)
*Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624)
*Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)
*Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)
*Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)
*Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661)


===Sangama dynasty (1336–1487)===
=== Maharawals ===
{{anchor|Sangama dynasty}}
{{main|Sangama dynasty}}
* [[Harihara I]] (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
* [[Bukka I]] (1343–1379)
* [[Harihara II]] (1379–1399)
* Bukka II (1399–1406)
* [[Deva Raya I]] (1406–1412)
* [[Vira Vijaya]] (1412–1419)
* [[Deva Raya II]] (1419–1444)
* (Not known) (1444–1449)
* [[Mallikarjuna (Shilahara dynasty)|Mallikarjuna]] (1452–1465)
* Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
* [[Virupaksha I]] (1470–1471)
* Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
* Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
* Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
* Rajasekhara (1486–1487)


===Saluva dynasty (1490–1567)===
*Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)
{{anchor|Saluva dynasty}}
*Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)
{{main|Saluva dynasty}}
*Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)
* Narasimha (1490–1503)
*Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)
* Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
*Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820)
* Achyuta (1530–1542)
*Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)
* Sadasiva (1542–1567)
*Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)
*Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)
*Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)
*Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)


===Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)===
=== Titular Kings ===
{{anchor|Tuluva dynasty}}
{{main|Tuluva dynasty}}
* [[Tuluva Narasa Nayaka]](1491–1503)
* [[Viranarasimha Raya]] (1503–1509)
* [[Krishnadevaraya]] (1509–1529)
* [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] (1529–1542)
* [[Venkata I]] (1542)
* Sadasiva raya (1543–1576)


===Aravidu Dynasty (1542–1646)===
* Girdhar Singh (1949–1950)
{{anchor|Aravidu Dynasty}}
* [[Raghunath Singh of Jaisalmer|Raghunath Singh]] (1950–1982)
* Aliya Rama Raya (1542–1565), regent
* Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)
* Tirumala Deva Raya (1570–1572)
* Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–Till Present)<ref>
* Sriranga I (1572–1586)
[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_392.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 24, p. 386.]
* Venkata II (1586–1614)
</ref><ref>{{cite book |year=1908 |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_008.gif |volume=14 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=2}}</ref>
* Sriranga II (1614)
* Venkata III (1630–1642)
* Sriranga III (1642–1646)


==Gatti Mudalis (15th–17th century)==
==Chero dynasty (1174–1813 CE)==
{{anchor|Gatti Mudalis}}
{{main|Chero dynasty}}
{{main|Gatti Mudalis}}
*Vanagamudi Gatti
*Immudi Gatti
*Gatti Mudali


==Kingdom of Mysore (1371–1950)==
*Ghughulia (1174 CE), founder of dynasty
{{main|Kingdom of Mysore}}
*Raja Ramchandar Rai
*Raja Sita Ram Rai
*Raja Salabahim
*Raja Phulchand
*[[Raja Maharata Rai]]
*Raja Kumkum Chand Rai
*Raja Sambhal Rai
*Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585–1605)
*Raja Anant Rai (1605–1612)
*Raja Shambhal Rai (1612–1627)
*Raja Bhupal Rai (1637–1657)
*Maharaja [[Medini Ray|Medini Rai]] (1658–1674)
*Raja Pratap Rai
*Raja Rudra Rai (1674–1680)
*Raja Dikpal Rai (1680–1697)
*Raja Saheb Rai (1697–1716)
*Raja Ranjit Rai (1716–1722)
*Raja Devi Batesh Rai
*Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722–1770)
*Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771–1771)
*Raja Gopal Rai (1771–1776)
*Raja Gajraj Rai (1777–1780)
*Raja Basant Rai (1780–1783)
*Raja Churaman Rai (1783–1813), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/history-rebuild-brick-by-brick-rs-56-lakh-restoration-plan-for-crumbling-palamau-fort/cid/825676|title=History rebuild, brick by brick – Rs 56-lakh restoration plan for crumbling Palamau Fort|website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest|isbn=9789352667697|last1=Singh|first1=Pradyuman|date=19 January 2021}}</ref>


===Wodeyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)===
==Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)==
{{main|Wodeyar dynasty}}
{{main|Chutia Kingdom}}
* Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1371–1423)
* Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
* Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
* Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
* Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
* Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
* Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
* Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
* (Ranadhira) [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I]] (1638–1659)
* [[Dodda Kempadevaraja|Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1659–1673)
* [[Chikka Devaraja|Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1673–1704)
* [[Kanthirava Narasaraja II|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II]] (1704–1714)
* Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
* (Immadi) [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar II]] (1734–1766), ruled under [[Hyder Ali]] from 1761
* Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under [[Tipu Sultan]] until his deposition in 1796


The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799.
* Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
 
* Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
===Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)===
* Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
* [[Hyder Ali]] (1761–1782)
* Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
* [[Tipu Sultan]]–(1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali.
* Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
 
* Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
===Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)===
* Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
* (Mummudi) [[Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar|Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]] (1799–1868)
* Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
* [[Chamaraja Wodeyar|Chamaraja Wodeyar IX]] (1868–1894)
* Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
* [[Maharani Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana|H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana]], queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
* Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
* (Nalvadi) [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1894–1940)
* Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
* [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar|Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]] (1940–1950)
* Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
* Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
* Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
* Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
* Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty


==Gajapati Empire (1434–1541)==
==Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260)==
{{anchor|Gajapati Empire}}
{{main|Bana Kingdom|Magadai}}
{{main|Gajapati Kingdom}}
 
* [[Kapilendra Deva]] (1434–67)
===Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)===
* [[Purushottama Deva]] (1467–97)
{{anchor|Kadava dynasty}}
* [[Prataparudra Deva]] (1497–1540)
{{main|Kadava dynasty}}
* [[Kalua Deva]] (1540–41)
* Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
* [[Kakharua Deva]] (1541)
* Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)


== Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (1472–1950) ==
== Kingdom of Marwar (1226–1950) ==
{{Main| Bikaner State }}
{{Main| Jodhpur State}}
{{See also| Rathore|Bikaner| Jangladesh}}
{{See also| Rathore| Marwar|Jodhpur}}
 
=== Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur ===
 
==== Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438) ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan=2 | Name
! colspan=2 | Name
! Reign Began
! Notes
! Reign Ended
! Reign began
! Reign ended
|-
|-
! 1
! 1
| [[Rao Bika]]
| Rao Siha
| 1472
| He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban.
| 1504
| 1226
| 1273
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| [[Rao Narayan Singh]]
| Rao Asthan
| 1504
| Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji.
| 1505
| 1273
| 1292
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| [[Rao Luna Karana]]  ''Lon-Karan''
| Rao Doohad
| 1505
| He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars.
| 1526
| 1292
| 1309
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| [[Rao Jait Singh]] ''Jetasi''
| Rao Raipal
| 1526
| He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people. 
| 1542
| 1309
|-
| 1313
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
| [[Rao Kalyan Mal]] – ''Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor [[Akbar]] at [[Nagaur]] in November 1570''
| Rao Kanhapal
| 1542
| He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands.
| 1574
| 1313
|-
| 1323
|-
|-  
! 6
! 6
| [[Rao Rai Singh I]]  ''Rai Rai Singh'' – ''Important General in the Mughal army Similar to Raja Man Singh I of Amber.''
| Rao Jalansi
| 1574
| He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region.
| 1612
| 1323
|-
| 1328
|-
|-  
! 7
! 7
| [[Rai Dalpat Singh]] ''Dalip''
| Rao Chado
| 1612
|  
| 1613
| 1328
|-y. 
| 1344
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| [[Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya]]
| Rao Tida
| 1613
| He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi.
| 1631
| 1344
|-
| 1357
|-
|-  
! 9
! 9
| [[Rao Karan Singh]] ''Jangalpat Badhshah'' – ''Deposed by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] for dereliction of duty at [[Attock]], 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura, in the Deccan''
| Rao Kanha Dev
| 1631
|
| 1667
| 1357
|-
| 1374
|-
|-  
! 10
! 10
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Anup Singh]] –  ''To be the first to be granted the title 'Maharaja' by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]''. ''Served in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] campaign at [[Salher]] in 1672, [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] in 1675, and the siege of [[Golconda]] in 1687. He was administrator of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] 1677–1678, ''Hakim'' of [[Adoni]], 1678, [[Imtiazgarh]], [[Adoni]] 1689–1693, and of Nusratabad, Sukkar 1693–1698. ''
| Rao Viram Dev
| 1669
| He died in battle against the Johiyas.
| 1698
| 1374
|-
| 1383
|-
|-  
! 11
! 11
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Sarup Singh]] – ''He died from [[smallpox]], at [[Adoni]], in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], 15 December 1700.''
| Rao Chandra
| 1698
| He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan.
| 1700
|1383
|-
|1424
|-
|-
! 12
! 12
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Sujan Singh]] – ''Ordered to attend Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from [[Maharaja Abhai Singh]] of [[Jodhpur]] and [[Maharaja Bakht Singh]] of [[Nagaur]], but successfully repulsed both.''
| Rao Kanha
| 1700
| Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore.
| 1735
| 1424
|-
| 1427
|-
|-  
! 13
! 13
| ''Maharaja''  [[Rao Zorawar Singh]]
| Rao [[Ranmal]]
| 1735
| He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodiyas of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha.
| 1746
| 1427
| 1438
|-
|-
|}
==== Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950)  ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! 14
! colspan=2 | Name
|  ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Gaj Singh]] – '' the first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor [[Alamgir II]]''
! Notes
| 1746
! Reign began
| 1787
! Reign ended
|-
|-
! 15
! 1
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Rai Singh II]] ''Raj Singh''
| Rao [[Jodha of Mandore|Jodha]]
| 1787
| Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of [[Jodhpur]] and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati.
| 1787
| 12 May 1438
| 6 April 1489
|-
|-
! 16
! 2
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Pratap Singh]] – ''Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne''
| Rao [[Satal Rathore of Marwar|Satal]]  
| 1787
| Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders.
| 1787
| 6 April 1489
| March 1492
|-
|-
! 3
| Rao [[Suja Rathore of Marwar|Suja]]
|
| March 1492
| 2 October 1515
|-
|-
! 17
! 4
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Surat Singh]] – ''He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the [[East India Company]] with a [[subsidiary alliance]] on 9 March 1818.''
| Rao [[Biram Singh Rathore of Marwar|Biram Singh]]  
| 1787
| Son of Bagha
| 1828
| 2 October 1515
| 8 November 1515
|-
|-
! 5
| Rao [[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Ganga]]
| Assisted [[Rana Sanga]] in his campaigns against the Sultans of India.
| 8 November 1515
| 9 May 1532
|-
! 6
| [[Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]]
| Successfully repelled the invasions of [[Sher Shah Suri]]. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta.
| 9 May 1532
| 7 November 1562
|-
! 7
| [[Rao Chandra Sen]]
| He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire.
| 7 November 1562
| 1581
|-
|-
! 18
! 8
| ''Narendra Maharaja'' [[Rao Ratan Singh]] – ''received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor [[Akbar Shah II]] and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the [[First Afghan War]] of 1841. ''
| [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]] ''Mota Raja''
| 1828
| He was the father in law of [[Jahangir]] and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of [[Shah Jahan]]<ref>''Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan: The Maharaja of Palaces'', by Aman Nath. Published by India Book House, 2008.</ref>
| 1851
| 4 August 1583
|-
| 11 July 1595
|-
|-  
! 19
! 9
| ''Narendra Maharaja''  [[Rao Sardar Singh]] – ''Assisted the British during the [[Indian Mutiny|Indian Uprising of 1857]] and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with "Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria". ''
| [[Sur Singh|Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal]]
| 1851
|
| 1872
| 11 July 1595
|-
| 7 September 1619
|-
|-  
! 20
! 10
| ''Narendra Maharaja'' [[Dungar Singh|Rao Dungar Singh]] – ''Assisted the British during the [[Second Afghan War]].''
| [[Gaj Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Gaj Singh I]]  
| 1872
| The first to take the title [[Maharaja]] by himself
| 1887
| 7 September 1619
|-
| 6 May 1638
|-
|-  
! 21
! 11
| '''General''' ''Narendra Maharaja Sir'' [[Ganga Singh|Rao Ganga Singh]] – ''Member of Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) for [[Bikaner]], 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the [[League of Nations]].''
| [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]]
| 1887
| He fought [[Aurangzeb]] in the [[Battle of Dharmatpur]].
| 1943
| 6 May 1638
|-
| 28 December 1678
! 22
|-
| '''Lieutenant-General''' ''Narendra Maharaja Sir''  [[Sadul Singh of Bikaner|Rao Sadul Singh]] – ''Signed the instrument of accession to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of [[Rajasthan]], India on 30 March 1949.''
! 12
| 1943
| [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]]
| 1950
| Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. [[Durgadas Rathore]] played a key role in the war.
|-
| 19 February 1679
! 23
| 24 June 1724
| [[Maharaja Karni Singh|Rao Karni Singh]]
|-  
| 1950
! 13
| 1971
| [[Raja Indra Singh]]  
|}<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_210.gif</ref>
| Installed in opposition to [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]] by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar
 
| 9 June 1679
==Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)==
| 4 August 1679
{{main|Kingdom of Cochin}}
|-
 
! 14
Veerakerala Varma, nephew of [[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]], is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
| [[Abhai Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Abhai Singh]]
 
| Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time.  
# Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
| 24 June 1724
# Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
| 18 June 1749
# Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
|-  
# Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
! 15
# Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]  
# Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
| First reign
# Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
| 18 June 1749
# Godavarma (1637–1645)
| July 1751
# Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
|-
# Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
! 16
# Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
| [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Maharaja Bakht Singh]]
# Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
| He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the [[Battle of Gangwana]] he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas.
# Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
| July 1751
# Goda Varma (1662–1663)
| 21 September 1752
# Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
|-
# Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
! 17
# Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]
# Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
| First reign
# Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
| 21 September 1752
# Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
| 31 January 1753
# Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
|-
# Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
! 18
# Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]
# Veera [[Kerala Varma II]] (1760–1775)
| Second reign
# [[Rama Varma VIII]] (1775–1790)
| 31 January 1753
# [[Shaktan Thampuran]] (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
| September 1772
# [[Rama Varma X]] (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
|-
# Veera [[Kerala Varma III]] (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month ([[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]]))
! 19
# [[Rama Varma XI]] (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]  
# [[Rama Varma XII]] (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
| Second reign – Was defeated by [[Mahadji Scindia]] and forced to surrender the fort and city of [[Ajmer]].
# [[Rama Varma XIII]] (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
| September 1772
# Veera [[Kerala Varma IV]] (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
| 17 July 1793
# [[Ravi Varma IV]] (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
|-
# [[Rama Varma XIV]] (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
! 20
# [[Kerala Varma V]] (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
| [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Bhim Singh]]  
# [[Rama Varma XV]] (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
|
# [[Rama Varma XVI]] (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
| 17 July 1793
# [[Rama Varma XVII]] (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
| 19 October 1803
# [[Kerala Varma VI]] (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
|-  
# [[Ravi Varma V]] (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
! 21
# [[Aikya Keralam Thampuran|Kerala Varma VII]] (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
| [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]]  
# [[Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran|Rama Varma XVIII]] (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran
| Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818.
 
| 19 October 1803
==Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE) ==
| 4 September 1843
{{main|Koch dynasty}}
|-  
 
! 22
===Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)===
| [[Takht Singh|Maharaja Sir Takht Singh]]  
*[[Biswa Singha]] (1515–1540)
| Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar.
*[[Nara Narayan]] (1540–1586)
| 4 September 1843
 
| 13 February 1873
===Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)===
|-
{{further|Cooch Behar State}}
! 23
 
| [[Jaswant Singh II|Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II]]
* Lakshmi Narayan
| [[Kaisar-i-Hind]]
* Bir Narayan
| 13 February 1873
* Pran Narayan
| 11 October 1895
* Basudev Narayan
|-  
* Mahindra Narayan
! 24
* Roop Narayan
| [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh]]  
* Upendra Narayan
| Colonel in the British Indian Army
* Devendra Narayan
| 11 October 1895
* Dhairjendra Narayan
| 20 March 1911
* Rajendra Narayan
|-  
* Dharendra Narayan
! 25
* Harendra Narayan
| [[Sumer Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh]]  
* Shivendra Narayan
| Colonel in the British Indian Army
* [[Narendra Narayan]]
| 20 March 1911
* [[Nripendra Narayan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html|title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless|website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk}}</ref>
| 3 October 1918
* [[Rajendra Narayan|Rajendra Narayan II]]
|-
* [[Jitendra Narayan]] (father of [[Gayatri Devi]])
! 26
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]]
| [[Umaid Singh|Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh]]  
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949) ]] (ruled till 1949)
| Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army
 
| 3 October 1918
=== Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)===
| 9 June 1947
{{further|Koch Hajo}}
|-
* Raghudev (son of [[Chilarai]], nephew of Nara Narayan)
! 27
* Parikshit Narayan
| [[Hanwant Singh|Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh]]  
| Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952
| 9 June 1947
| 7 April 1949
|-
!28                           
|[[Gaj Singh II|(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur]]  
| Became head of the House on 26 January 1952
| 26 January 1952
| Present
|}<ref>{{cite book |first=Roma |last=Niyogi |year=1959 |title=The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJQBAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Oriental |page=30 |oclc=5386449}}</ref>


=== Rulers of Darrang ===
==Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE){{anchor|Delhi_Sultanate_(1206–1526)}}==
Parikshit Narayana was attacked by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] stationed at Dhaka in alliance with Lakshmi Narayan of Koch Bihar in 1612.  His kingdom Koch Hajo, bounded by Sankosh River in the west and Barnadi river in the east, was occupied by the end of that year.  Parikshit Narayan was sent to Delhi for an audience with the Mughal Emperor, but his brother Balinarayan escaped and took refuge in the [[Ahom kingdom]].  The region to the east of Barnadi and up to the Bharali river was under the control of some [[Baro-Bhuyan]] chieftains, but they were soon removed by the Mughals.  In 1615 the Mughals, under Syed Hakim and Syed Aba Bakr, attacked the Ahoms but were repelled back to the Barnadi river.  The Ahom king, [[Prataap Singha]], then established Balinarayan as a vassal in the newly acquired region between Barnadi and Bharali rivers, and called it Darrang.  Balinarayan's descendants continued to rule the region till it was annexed by the British in 1826.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nath |first=D. |year=1989 |title=History of the Koch Kingdom, C. 1515-1615 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECxUOSudNGYC |publisher=Mittal Publications |pages=102–104 |isbn=978-81-7099-109-0}}</ref>
{{main|List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate}}


* Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
===Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)===
* Mahendra Narayan
{{main|Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)}}
* Chandra Narayan
* Surya Narayan


=== Rulers of Beltola ===
* [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] (1206–1210)
{{Main|History of Beltola}}
* [[Aram Shah]] (1210–1211)
*Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of [[Koch Hajo]], brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of [[Darrang district|Darrang]]).
* [[Iltutmish|Shams-ud-din Iltutmish]] (1211–1236)
*Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
* [[Rukn ud din Firuz|Rukn-ud-din Firuz]] (1236)
*Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
* [[Razia Sultana|Raziyyat ud din Sultana]] (1236–1240)
*Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
* [[Muiz ud din Bahram|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]] (1240–1242)
*Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
* [[Ala ud din Masud|Ala-ud-din Masud]] (1242–1246)
*Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
* [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]] (1246–1266)
*Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
* [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Ghiyas-ud-din Balban]] (1266–1286)
*Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
* [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad|Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad]] (1286–1290)
*Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
*Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
*Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
*Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)


=== Rulers of Bijni ===
===Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)===
The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]].
{{main|Khilji dynasty}}
* Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
* Joy Narayan
* Shiv Narayan
* Bijoy Narayan
* Mukunda Narayan
* Haridev Narayan
* Balit Narayan
* Indra Narayan
* Amrit Narayan
* Kumud Narayan
* Jogendra Narayan
* Bhairabendra Narayan


=== Rulers of Khaspur ===
* [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji]] (1290–1296)
The Barak valley was obtained by [[Chilarai]] in 1562<ref name="bhatta94begend">{{cite book |last=Bhattacharjee |first=J B |year=1994 |chapter=Pre-colonial Political Structure of Barak Valley |editor-last=Sangma |editor-first=Milton S |title=Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao  |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |pages=71 |isbn=978-81-7387-015-6 |quote=The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong.}}</ref> from the [[Twipra kingdom]] during his expedition when he subjugated most of the major rulers in [[Northeast India]] and established the Khaspur state with a garrison at Brahmapur, that eventually came to be called Khaspur (Brahmapur→Kochpur→Khaspur).  The Koch rule began with the appointment of Kamal Narayan (step-brother of Chilarai and Naranarayan) as the Dewan a couple of years after the establishment of the garrison.{{sfn|Bhattacharjee|1994|p=71–72}}  Kamalnarayan established eighteen clans of Koch families that took hereditary roles in the state of Khaspur and who came to be known as Dheyans (after Dewan).{{sfn|Bhattacharjee|1994|p=72}}  The independent rule of the Khaspur rulers ended in 1745 when it merged with the [[Dimasa Kingdom|Kachari kingdom]].<ref name="bhatta94begend"/>
* [[Alauddin Khilji]] (1296–1316)
* [[Shihabuddin Omar|Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji]] (1316)
* [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah|Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji]] (1316–1320)
* [[Khusrau Khan|Khusro Khan khilji]] (1320)


The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:<ref name="bhatta94begend" />
===Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)===
* Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
{{main|Tughlaq dynasty}}
* Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
* Vijay Narayana
* Dhir Narayana
* Mahendra Narayana
* Ranjit
* Nara Singha
* Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of [[Kachari kingdom]], and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)


==Mughal Empire (1526–1857)==
* [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq|Ghiyas ud din Tughluq]] (1321–1325)
{{main|Mughal Empire}}
* [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I]] (1325–1351)
 
* [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (1351–1388)
* [[Babur]] (1526–1530), founder of the dynasty
* [[Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II]] (1388–1389)
* [[Humayun]] (1530–1540)
* [[Abu Bakr Shah]] (1389–1390)
* [[Akbar]] (1556–1605)
* [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III|Muhammad Shah Tughluq III]] (1390–1394)
* [[Jahangir]] (1605–1627)
* [[Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah|Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq]] (1394)
* [[Shah Jahan]] (1627–1657)
* [[Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV]] (1394–1413)
* [[Aurangzeb]] (1658–1707)
 
*[[Muhammad Azam Shah]] (1707)
After the invasion of [[Timur]] in 1398, the governor of [[Multan]], [[Khizr Khan]] abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
* [[Bahadur Shah I]] (1707–1712)
 
* [[Jahandar Shah]] (1712–1713)
===Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)===
* [[Farrukh Siyar]] (1713–1719)
{{main|Jaunpur Sultanate}}
* [[Rafi ud Darajat]] (1719)
* [[Rafi ud Daulah]] (1719)
* [[Nikusiyar]] (1719)
* [[Muhammad Shah]] (first rule, 1719–1720)
* [[Muhammad Ibrahim (13th Mughal emperor)|Muhammad Ibrahim]] (1720)
* [[Muhammad Shah]] (restored) (1720–1748)
* [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] (1748–1754)
* [[Alamgir II]] (1754–1759)
* [[Shah Jahan III]] (1760)
* [[Shah Alam II]] (1759–1806)
* [[Akbar Shah II]] (1806–1837)
* [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]] (1837–1857), last of Mughals


==Suri dynasty (1540–1555)==
* Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
{{anchor|Suri dynasty}}
* Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
{{main|Suri dynasty}}
* Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
* [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]]
* Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
* [[Islam Shah Suri]] (1545–1554)
* Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
* [[Firuz Shah Suri]] (1554)
* Hussain Shah (1458–1479)
* [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]] (1554–1555)
* [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]] (1555)
* [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] (1554–1555)
* [[Adil Shah Suri]] (1555–1556)


==Chogyal rulers of Sikkim (1642–1975)==
===Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)===
{{anchor|Chogyal}}
{{main|Sayyid dynasty}}
{{Main|Chogyal}}
{{See also|History of Sikkim}}


* [[Phuntsog Namgyal]] (1642–1670): Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.
* [[Khizr Khan]] (1414–1421)
* [[Tensung Namgyal]] (1670–1700): Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.
* [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] (1421–1434)
* [[Chakdor Namgyal]] (1700–1717): His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.
* [[Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Muhammad Shah]] (1434–1445)
* [[Gyurmed Namgyal]] (1717–1733): Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.
* [[Alam Shah]] (1445–1451)
* [[Phuntsog Namgyal II]] (1733–1780): Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.
* [[Tenzing Namgyal]] (1780–1793): Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
* [[Tsugphud Namgyal]] (1793–1863): The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.
* [[Sidkeong Namgyal]] (1863–1874)
* [[Thutob Namgyal]] (1874–1914): John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.
* [[Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal]] (1914): The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.
* [[Tashi Namgyal]] (1914–1963): Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.
* [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]] (1963–1975): The last Chogyal of Sikkim.


==Maratha Empire (1674–1950)==
===Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)===
{{anchor|Maratha Empire}}
{{main|Lodi dynasty}}
{{main|Maratha Empire}}
{{see also|Bhonsle|Chhatrapati}}


===Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era===
* [[Bahlol Khan Lodi]] (1451–1489)
* [[Shivaji]] (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
* [[Sikandar Lodi]] (1489–1517)
* [[Sambhaji]] (1680–1689), elder son of [[Shivaji]]
* [[Ibrahim Lodi]] (1517–1526), defeated by [[Babur]] (who replaced the [[Delhi Sultanate]] with the [[Mughal Empire]])
* [[Rajaram Chhatrapati]] (1689–1700), younger son of [[Shivaji]]
* [[Tarabai]], regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
* Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the [[Kolhapur]] Chhatrapatis


The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.
==Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826 CE)==
{{main|Ahom dynasty}}


===Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)===
* [[Sukaphaa]] (1228–1268), founder of dynasty
{{main|Kolhapur State}}
* [[Suteuphaa]] (1268–1281)
* Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
* [[Subinphaa]] (1281–1293)
* Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
* [[Sukhaangphaa]] (1293–1332)
* Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
* [[Sukhrampha]] (1332–1364)
* Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
* [[Interregnum]] (1364–1369)
* Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
* [[Sutuphaa]] (1369–1376)
* Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
* ''[[Interregnum]]'' (1376–1380)
* Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
* [[Tyao Khamti]] (1380–1389)
* Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
* ''Interregnum'' (1389–1397)
* Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
* [[Sudangphaa]] (1397–1407)
* Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
* [[Sujangphaa]] (1407–1422)
* Council of regency (1870–94)
* [[Suphakphaa]] (1422–1439)
* Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* [[Susenphaa]] (1439–1488)
* Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* [[Suhenphaa]] (1488–1493)
* Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
* [[Supimphaa]] (1493–1497)
* Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
* [[Suhungmung|Swarganarayan]] (1497–1539)
* Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* [[Suklenmung]] (1539–1552)
* [[Vikramsinhrao Puar|Shahaji II of Kolhapur]] (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II
* [[Sukhaamphaa]] (1552–1603)
* [[Susenghphaa|Pratap Singha]] (1603–1641)
* [[Suramphaa|Jayaditya Singha]] (1641–1644)
* [[Sutingphaa]] (1644–1648)
* [[Sutamla|Jayadhwaj Singha]] (1648–1663)
* [[Supangmung|Chakradhwaj Singha]] (1663–1670)
* [[Sunyatphaa|Udayaaditya Singha]] (1670–1672)
* [[Suklamphaa|Ramadhwaj Singha]] (1672–1674)
* Suhunga (1674–1675)
* Gobar (1675–1675)
* [[Sujinphaa]] (1675–1677)
* [[Sudoiphaa]] (1677–1679)
* [[Sulikphaa|Ratnadhwaj Singha]] (1679–1681)
* [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Singha]] (1681–1696)
* [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] (1696–1714)
* [[Sutanphaa|Siba Singha]] (1714–1744)
* [[Sunenphaa|Pramatta Singha]] (1744–1751)
* [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]] (1751–1769)
* [[Sunyeophaa|Lakshmi Singha]] (1769–1780)
* [[Suhitpangphaa|Gaurinath Singha]] (1780–1795)
* [[Suklingphaa|Kamaleswar Singha]] (1795–1811)
* [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Singha]] (1811–1818)
* [[Purandar Singha]] (1818–1819)
* [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Singha]] (1819–1821)
* [[Jogeshwar Singha]] (1821–1822)
* [[Purandar Singha]] (1833–1838), last ruler of dynasty


The state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]] following the [[independence of India]] in 1947.
==Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)==
{{main|Vaghela dynasty}}


===Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)===
The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
{{see also|History of Satara district|Satara state}}
*Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
* [[Shahu I]] (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
*Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
* [[Ramaraja]] (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
*Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
* Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
*Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
* Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
*Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.
* Shahaji III (1839–1848)
 
* Pratapsinh I (adopted)
==Jaffna (Aryacakravarti) dynasty (1277–1619 CE)==
* Rajaram III
{{Main|Jaffna Kingdom}}
* Pratapsinh II
 
* Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)
;List of rulers–
* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]](1277–1284), founder of dynasty
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] (1284–1292)
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] (1292–1302)
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1302–1325)
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] (1325–1348)
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] (1348–1371)
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1371–1380)
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410)
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1410–1440)
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] (1478–1519)
* [[Cankili I]] (1519–1561)
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] (1565–1570)
* [[Periyapillai]] (1565–1582)
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] (1591–1617)
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title=genealogy of the royal house of jaffna|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228065758/http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
==Kingdom of Tripura (1280–1949 CE)==
{{Main|Twipra Kingdom}}


===The Peshwas (1713–1858)===
===Manikya dynasty===
Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of [[Chattrapati Shahu]], and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.
{{Main|Manikya dynasty}}
{{see also|Peshwa}}
* [[Balaji Vishwanath]] (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
* [[Bajirao|Peshwa Bajirao I]] (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
* [[Peshwa|Balaji Bajirao]] (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
* [[Madhavrao Ballal]] (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
* [[Narayanrao Bajirao]] (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
* [[Raghunath Rao Bajirao]] (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
* [[Sawai Madhavrao]] (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
* [[Baji Rao II]] (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
* [[Nana Sahib]] (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)


===Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (1674–1855)===
;List of rulers–
{{anchor|Thanjavur Maratha kingdom}}
* Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
{{main|Thanjavur Maratha kingdom}}
* Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
Descended from a brother of [[Shivaji]]; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the [[Maratha Empire]].
* Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)
* [[Ekoji I]] (r. 1674–84)
* [[Shahuji I of Thanjavur|Shahuji I]] (r. 1684–1712), son of Ekoji I
* [[Serfoji I]] (r. 1712–28), son of Ekoji I
* [[Tukkoji]] (r. 1728–36), son of Ekoji I
* [[Ekoji II]] (r. 1736–37), son of Tukkoji
* [[Sujana Bai]] (r. 1737–38), wife of Ekoji II
* [[Shahuji II of Thanjavur|Shahuji II]] (r. 1738–39), son of Serfoji I
* [[Pratapsingh of Thanjavur|Pratapsingh]] (r. 1739–63), son of Tukkoji
* [[Thuljaji]] (r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasingh
* [[Serfoji II]] (r. 1787–93 & 1798–1832), adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
* [[Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle]] (r. 1793–98), younger son of Pratapasimha
* [[Shivaji of Thanjavur|Shivaji]] (r. 1832–55), son of Serfoji II
The state was annexed by the British in 1855.


===Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)===
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}
{{anchor|Nagpur kingdom}}
On 9 September 1949, "[[Tripura Merger Agreement]]", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & [[Tripura]] became part of [[India|Indian Union]].<ref name=sharma>Suresh K. Sharma, ''Documents on North-East India: Tripura'', pp. 93-95</ref>
{{main|Nagpur kingdom}}
* [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji I]] (1738–1755)
* [[Janoji Bhonsle|Janoji]] (1755–1772)
* [[Sabaji Bhonsle|Sabaji]] (1772–1775)
* [[Mudhoji I Bhonsle|Mudhoji I]] (1775–1788)
* [[Raghoji II Bhonsle|Raghoji II]] (1788–1816)
* [[Parsoji Bhonsle]] (1800–1850)
* [[Mudhoji II Bhonsle|Mudhoji II]] (1816–1818)
* [[Raghoji III Bhonsle|Raghoji III]] (1818–1853)
* The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.<ref>{{cite book |author=Prabhakar Gadre |date=1994 |title=Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company |location=Jaipur, India |publisher=Publication Scheme |page=257 |isbn=978-81-85263-65-6 |quote=Cogent arguments were advanced against the lapse of Nagpur State. But ... the view of the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie, pravailed and the Nagpur kingdom was annexed on 13th March, 1854.}}</ref>


===Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)===
==Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)==
{{anchor|Holkar}}
{{main|Nayaka dynasties}}
{{main|Holkar}}
{{See also|Indore State}}
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar|Malharrao Holkar (I)]] (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
* Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
* [[Rajmata Ahilya Devi Holkar|Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar]] (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
* [[Tukojirao Tanaji Holkar|Tukojirao Holkar (I)]] (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
* Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
* [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar II|Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II]] (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
* [[Marthand Rao Holkar|Martandrao Malharrao Holkar]] (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
* [[Hari Rao Holkar|Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar]] (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
* [[Khande Rao Holkar II|Khanderao Harirao Holkar II]] (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)
* [[Tukojirao Holkar II|Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II]] (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
* [[Shivajirao Holkar|Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar]] (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
* [[Tukojirao Holkar III|Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III]] (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
* [[Yashwant Rao Holkar II|Yashwantrao Holkar II]] (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)


Following the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].
===Musunuri Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1325–1368 CE)===
The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.
{{main|Musunuri Nayakas }}


===Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947)===
There were two Musunuri Nayak:
{{anchor|Scindia}}
* Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)
{{main|Scindia}}
* [[Musunuri Kapaya Nayak]] (1333–1368)
{{see also|Gwalior State}}
*[[Ranojirao Scindia]] (1731–19 July 1745)
*[[Jayapparao Scindia]] (1745–25 July 1755)
*[[Jankojirao I Scindia]] (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
* Meharban [[Dattaji Rao Scindia]], Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
* ''Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763''
*[[Kedarjirao Scindia]] (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
*[[Manajirao Scindia Phakade]] (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
*[[Mahadaji Scindia]] (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
*[[Daulatrao Scindia]] (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
*[[Jankoji Rao Scindia II]] (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
*[[Jayajirao Scindia]] (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
*[[Madho Rao Scindia]] (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
*[[George Jivajirao Scindia]] (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961


Following the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].
===Recherla Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1368–1435 CE)===
{{main|Recherla Nayakas}}
Known rulers are:
*Anapota Nayaka


*[[Madhavrao Scindia]] (6 February 1949; died 2001)
===Gandikota Kingdom (Pemmasani Nayaks) (c. 1441–1685 CE)===
*[[Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia]] (born 1 January 1971)
{{main|Pemmasani Nayaks}}


===Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947)===
This is the list of Pemmasani Kings:
{{anchor|Gaekwad dynasty}}
{{main|Gaekwad dynasty}}
{{see also|Baroda State}}
* [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1721–1732)
* [[Damaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1732–1768)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (1768–1771)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I]] (1771–1789)
* [[Manaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1789–1793)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (restored) (1793–1800)
* [[Anand Rao Gaekwad]] (1800–1818)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II]] (1818–1847)
* [[Ganpat Rao Gaekwad]] (1847–1856)
* [[Khande Rao Gaekwad]] (1856–1870)
* [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad]] (1870–1875)
* [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] (1875–1939)
* [[Pratap Singh Gaekwad]] (1939–1951)


== Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom  (c. 1674–1855 CE) ==
* Pemmasani Kumara Veera Timma Nayaka (1441–1462)
{{Main|Thanjavur Marathas}}
* Pemmasani Chenna vibhudu (1462–1505)
* Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayaka (1505–1540)
* Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka (1540–1565)
* Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka (1565–1598)
* Pemmasani Timma Nayaka (1598–1623)
* Pemmasani Chinna Timma Nayaka (1623–1652)
* Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka (1652–1685)


The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of [[Thanjavur]] principality of [[Tamil Nadu]] between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was [[Thanjavur Marathi dialect|Thanjavur Marathi]]. [[Venkoji]], Shahaji's son and Shivaji's half brother, was the founder of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anwar|first=Kombai S.|date=2018-04-26|title=Thanjavur emerged as a thriving cultural capital under the Marathas|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/thanjavur-emerged-s-a-thriving-cultural-capital-under-the-marathas/article23681249.ece|access-date=2021-04-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
===Keladi Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1499–1763 CE)===
{{main|Nayakas of Keladi}}


;List of rulers
*Chauda Gowda, (1499–1530)
 
*Sadashiva Nayaka (1530–1566)
* [[Venkoji]]
*Sankanna Nayaka (1566–1570)
* [[Shahuji I of Thanjavur]]
*Chikka Sankanna Nayaka (1570–1580)
* [[Serfoji I]]
*Rama Raja Nayaka (1580–1586)
* [[Tukkoji]]
*Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (1586–1629)
* [[Pratapsingh of Thanjavur]]
*Virabhadra Nayaka (1629–1645)
* [[Thuljaji]]
*[[Shivappa Nayaka]] (1645–1660)
* [[Serfoji II]]
*Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka (1660–1662)
* [[Shivaji II of Thanjavur]]
*Bhadrappa Nayaka (1662–1664)
*Somashekara Nayaka I (1664–1672)
*[[Keladi Chennamma]] (1672–1697)
*Basavappa Nayaka (1697–1714)
*Somashekara Nayaka II (1714–1739)
*Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka (1739–1754)
*Chenna Basappa Nayaka (1754–1757)
*Queen Virammaji (1757–1763)


==The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)==
===Gingee (Senji) Nayak Kingdom (c. 1509–1649 CE)===
{{main|Nayaks of Gingee}}


===Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770 CE)===
Some of the Nayakas in the Gingee line were:
{{main|Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad}}


* [[Murshid Quli Jafar Khan]] (1707–1727)
*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
* [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan|Sujauddin Khan]] (1727–1739)
*Chennappa Nayaka
* [[Sarfraz Khan]] (1739–1740)
*Gangama Nayaka
* [[Alivardi Khan]] (1740–1756)
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
* [[Siraj Ud Daulah]] (1756–1757)
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
* [[Mir Jafar]] (1757–1760)
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
* [[Mir Qasim]] (1760–1763)
*Varadappa Nayaka
* [[Mir Jafar]] (1763–1765)
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
* [[Najm ud Daulah]] (1765–1766)
*Venkata Perumal Naidu
* [[Saif ud Daulah]] (1766–1770)
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)
 
''Srinivasachari takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and mentions the following Nayakas in the Gingee line, noting governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464:''


===Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858 CE)===
*1490 – Vaiyappa Nayak
{{main|Oudh State}}
*1490–1520 – Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka (originally Bala / Vala Krishnappa who became Tubbaki / Dubakki / Dubala Krishnappa in local legends).
*1520–1540 – Achyuta Vijaya Ramachandra Nayak
*1540–1550 – Muthialu Nayak
*1570–1600 – Venkatappa Nayak
*1600–1620 – Varadappa Nayak
*Appa Nayak – up to Muslim conquest.


* [[Saadat Ali Khan I]] (1719–1737)
===Madurai Nayak dynasty (c. 1529–1736 CE)===
* [[Safdarjung]] (1737–1753)
{{main|Madurai Nayak dynasty}}
* [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] (1753–1775)
* [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] (1775–1797)
* [[Wazir Ali Khan]] (1797–1798)
* [[Saadat Ali Khan II]] (1798–1814)
* [[Ghazi-ud-Din Haider]] (1814–1827)
* [[Nasiruddin Haider]] (1827–1837)
* [[Muhammad Ali Shah]] (1837–1842)
* [[Amjad Ali Shah]] (1842–1847)
* [[Wajid Ali Shah]] (1847–1856)
* [[Birjis Qadra]] (1856–1858)


===Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948 CE)===
*[[Viswanatha Nayak]] (1529–1563)
{{main|Hyderabad State|Nizam of Hyderabad}}
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayak (1563–1573)
*Joint Rulers Group I (1573–1595)
*Joint Rulers Group II (1595–1602)
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1602–1609)
*Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)
*[[Tirumala Nayaka]] (1623–1659)
*Muthu Alakadri Nayak (1659–1662)
*[[Chokkanatha Nayak]] (1662–1682)
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
*[[Rani Mangammal]] (1689–1704)
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayak (1704–1731)
*[[Meenakshi (Nayak queen)|Queen Meenakshi]] (1731–1736)


* [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I]] (1720–1748)
===Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)===
* [[Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad|Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah]] (1748–1750)
{{main|Thanjavur Nayak kingdom}}
* [[Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat|Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang]] (1750–1751)
 
*[[Chevvappa Nayak]] a.k.a. Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
*[[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614)
*[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634)
*[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673)
 
===Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)===
{{main|Nayaks of Vellore}}
 
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
 
*Chinna Bommi Reddy
*Thimma Reddy Nayak
*Lingama Nayak
 
===Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1588–1779 CE)===
{{main|Nayakas of Chitradurga}}
 
*Timmanna Nayaka (1568–1589)
*Obanna Nayaka I (1588–1602)
*Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I (1602–1652)
*Madakari Nayaka II (1652–1674)
*Obanna Nayaka II (1674–1675)
*Shoora Kantha Nayaka (1675–1676)
*Chikkanna Nayaka (1676–1686)
*Madakari Nayaka III (1686–1688)
*Donne Rangappa Nayaka (1688–1689)
*Bharamanna Nayaka of Bilichodu (1689–1721)
*Madakari Nayaka IV (1721–1748)
*Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II (1748–1758),
*[[Madakari Nayaka]] (1758–1779)
 
===Kandy Nayak Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)===
{{main|Nayaks of Kandy}}
 
*Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739–1747)
*Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747–1782)
*Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha (1782–1798)
*Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815)<ref>{{cite book |last=Somasekhara Sarma |first=Mallampalli |year=1946 |title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32066 |publisher=Andhra University |location=Waltair |page=81}}: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rama Rao |first=M. |year=1947 |title=The Fall of Warangal and After |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=10 |page=295 |jstor=44137150 |quote="It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs."}}</ref>
 
===Other Nayaka kingdoms===
 
* [[Nayakas of Shorapur]]
* [[Nayakas of Kalahasti]]
* Nayakas of Harappanahalli
* Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
* Nayakas of Kuppam
* Nayakas of Rayalaseema
* Nayakas of Jarimale
* Nayakas of Gudekote
* Nayakas of Nayakanahatti<ref>{{cite book|last=Howes|first=Jennifer|title=The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=07-0071-585-1|page=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Velcheru Narayana |last2=Shulman |first2=David |last3=Subrahmanyam |first3=Sanjay |year=1998 |title=Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=18}}</ref>
 
==Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448 CE)==
{{main|Reddy Kingdom}}
 
;List of rulers–
* [[Prolaya Vema Reddy]] (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
* Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
* Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
* Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
* Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
* Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
* Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty
 
==Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (1325–1526 CE)==
{{main|Oiniwar dynasty}}
 
;List of rulers–
According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:<ref name="jha155-157">{{cite book|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA155|first=Makhan |last=Jha|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd|pages=155–157|year=1997|isbn=9788175330344}}</ref>
* Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
* Atirupa Thakur
* Vishwarupa Thakur
* Govinda Thakur
* Lakshman Thakur
* Kameshwar Thakur
* Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
* Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
* Kirti Singh
* Bhava Singh Deva
* Deva Simha Singh
* Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Coomaraswamy|first=Ananda Kentish|title=Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna.|publisher=The Old Bourne Press|year=1915|location=London}}</ref>
* Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]] after many years of waiting for her husband's return.<ref name=":2" />
* Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Love Songs of Vidyāpati|publisher=G. Allen & Unwin|year=1963|location=London|translator-last=Bhattacharya|translator-first=Deben}}</ref>
* Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
* Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
* Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
* Dhir Singh Deva
* Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
* Rambhadra Deva
* Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE
 
== Vijayanagara Empire (1336 – 1646 CE) ==
{{main|Vijayanagara Empire}}
 
In [[Vijayanagara Empire]] four dynasties ruled for 310 years on whole [[South India]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ramchandra |last=Dhere |title=Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUeeAgAAQBAJ |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press, 2011 |isbn=9780199777648 |pages=243}}</ref>
=== Sangama dynasty (1336 – 1485 CE) ===
{{main|Sangama dynasty}}
* [[Harihara I]] (1336–1356 CE), founder of empire and dynasty
* [[Bukka Raya I]] (1356–1377 CE), also founder of empire
* [[Harihara II]] (1377–1404 CE)
* [[Virupaksha Raya]] (1404–1405 CE)
* [[Bukka Raya II]] (1405–1406 CE)
* [[Deva Raya]] (1406–1422 CE)
* [[Ramachandra Raya]] (1422 CE)
* [[Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya]] (1422–1424)
* [[Deva Raya II]] (1424–1446 CE)
* [[Mallikarjuna Raya]] (1446–1465 CE)
* [[Virupaksha Raya II]] (1465–1485 CE)
* [[Praudha Raya ]] (1485 CE), last ruler
 
=== Saluva dynasty (1485 – 1505 CE) ===
{{main|Saluva dynasty}}
* [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]] (1485–1491 CE), first ruler
* [[Thimma Bhupala]] (1491 CE)
* [[Narasimha Raya II]] (1491–1505 CE), last ruler
 
=== Tuluva dynasty (1491 – 1570 CE) ===
{{main|Tuluva dynasty}}
* [[Tuluva Narasa Nayaka]] (1491–1503 CE), first ruler
* [[Viranarasimha Raya]] (1503–1509 CE)
* [[Krishnadevaraya]] (1509–1529 CE), greatest ruler of empire
* [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] (1529–1542 CE)
* [[Sadasiva Raya]] (1542–1570 CE), last ruler
 
=== Aravidu dynasty (1542 – 1646 CE) ===
{{main|Aravidu dynasty}}
* [[Aliya Rama Raya]] (1542–1565 CE), first ruler
* [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] (1565–1572 CE)
* [[Sriranga Deva Raya]] (1572–1586 CE)
* [[Venkatapati Deva Raya]] (1586–1614 CE)
* [[Sriranga II]] (1614–1617 CE)
* [[Rama Deva Raya]] (1617–1632 CE)
* [[Peda Venkata Raya]] (1632–1642 CE)
* [[Sriranga III]] (1642–1646/1652 CE), last ruler of dynasty and empire
 
==Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE)==
{{main|Bahmani Sultanate}}
 
* Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
* [[Mohammed Shah I|Muhammad Shah I]] (1358–1375)
* Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
* Daud Shah I (1378)
* Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
* Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
* Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
* [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] (1397–1422)
* [[Ahmad Shah I Wali]] (1422–1435), established his capital at [[Bidar]]
* Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
* Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
* [[Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III]] (1461–1463)
* [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]] (1463–1482)
* [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]](1482–1518)
* Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
* Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
* Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
* Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)
 
===Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562 CE)===
{{main|Malwa Sultanate}}
 
====Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)====
* Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
* [[Hoshang Shah|Alp Khan Hushang]] (1405–1435)
*Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
* Masud Khan (1436)
 
====Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)====
* [[Mahmud Shah I]] (1436–1469)
* [[Ghiyath Shah]] (1469–1500)
* Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
* [[Mahmud Shah II]] (1511–1530)
 
==Patna Kingdom (1360–1948 CE)==
{{main|Patna State}}
 
The rulers of Patna state of the [[Chauhan]] clan:<ref>{{citation |title=GENEALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHAUHAN RULERS OF PATNAGARH IN WESTERN ORISSA: A STUDY |publisher=IRJHRSS |url=https://1library.net/document/y9gpv4dq-genealogical-analysis-chauhan-rulers-patnagarh-western-orissa-study.html |author=Raghumani Naik |date=3 March 2018 |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref>
 
*[[Ramai Deva]] (1360–1380), founder of dynasty
*Mahalinga Deva (1380–1385)
*Vatsaraja Deva (1385–1410)
*Vaijala Deva I (1410–1430)
*Bhojaraj Deva (1430–1455)
*Pratap Rudra Deva I (1455–1480)
*Bhupal Deva I (1480–1500)
*Vikramaditya Deva I (1500–1520)
*Vaijal Deva II (1520–1540)
*Bajra Hiradhara Deva (1540–1570)
*Narsingh Deva (1570–1577)
*Hamir Deva (1577–1581)
*Pratap Deva II (1581–1620)
*Vikramaditya Deva II (1620–1640)
*Mukunda Deva (1640–1670)
*Balaram Deva (1670–1678)
*Hrdesha Deva (1678–1685)
*Rai Singh Deva (1685–1762)
*Prithviraj Deva (1762–1765)
*Ramchandra Singh Deo I (1765–1820)
*Bhupal Singh Deo (1820–1848)
*Hiravajra Singh Deo (1848–1866)
*Pratap Singh Deo (1866–25 November 1878)
*Ramchandra Singh Deo II (25 November 1878 – 1895)
*Lal Dalganjan Singh Deo (1895–1910)
*Prithviraj Singh (1910–1924)
*[[Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo]] (1924–1 January 1948), last official ruler of dynasty & merge kingdom in [[India]] in 1948 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/patna.html |title=Patna Princely State (9 gun salute) |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913055403/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/patna.html |archive-date=13 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (1365–1632 CE)==
{{main|Baro-Bhuyan}}
 
;List of Kingdoms and their rulers as–
 
===Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)===
 
* Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
* Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
* Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
* Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)
 
===Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)===
 
*[[Isa Khan]]
*[[Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)]]
*[[Masum Khan]]
 
== Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523 CE) ==
{{main|Tomaras of Gwalior}}
 
The Tomara rulers of [[Gwalior]] include the following.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty |year=1984 |title=Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Arnold-Heinemann |pages=98–116 |isbn=978-0-391-03223-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=B. D. Misra |year=1993 |title=Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Manohar |pages=27–46 |isbn=978-81-7304-047-4 }}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Name in dynasty's inscriptions ([[IAST]]) !! Reign !! Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
|-
| Vīrasiṃha-deva || 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) || Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Badauni]]'s writings), Nar Singh (in [[Firishta]]'s and Nizamuddin's writings).<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |year=1963 |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=6 |oclc=500687579}}</ref>
|-
| Uddharaṇa-deva || 1400–1402 CE || Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sant Lal Katare |title=Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior |journal=Journal of the Oriental Institute |volume=XXIII |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGBjAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University |page=346}}</ref>
|-
| Virāma-deva || 1402–1423 CE || Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in [[Firishta]]'s writings)
|-
| Gaṇapati-deva || 1423–1425 CE || Ganpati Dev
|-
| Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha || 1425–1459 CE || Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
|-
| Kirtisiṃha-deva || 1459–1480 CE || Kirti Singh Tomar
|-
| Kalyāṇamalla || 1480–1486 CE || Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
|-
| [[Man Singh Tomar|Māna-siṃha]] || 1486–1516 CE || Mana Sahi, Man Singh
|-
| Vikramāditya || 1516–1523 CE || Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit
|}
 
==Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1950 CE)==
{{main|Kingdom of Mysore}}
 
===Wadiyar dynasty (first rule, 1399–1761 CE)===
{{main|Wadiyar dynasty}}
 
;List of rulers–
* [[Yaduraya Wodeyar]] or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
* Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
* Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
* Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
* Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
* Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
* Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
* Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
* ''Ranadhira'' [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I]] (1638–1659 CE)
* [[Dodda Kempadevaraja|Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1659–1673 CE)
* [[Chikka Devaraja|Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1673–1704 CE)
* [[Kanthirava Narasaraja II|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II]] (1704–1714 CE)
* Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
* ''Immadi'' [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar II]] (1734–1766 CE), ruled under [[Hyder Ali]] from 1761 CE
* Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under [[Tipu Sultan]] until his deposition in 1796 CE.
 
;The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799 CE.
 
===Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799 CE)===
* [[Hyder Ali]] (1761–1782 CE)
* [[Tipu Sultan]] (1782–1799 CE), son of Hyder Ali.
 
===Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950 CE)===
 
* ''Mummudi'' [[Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar|Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]] (1799–1868 CE)
* [[Chamaraja Wodeyar|Chamaraja Wodeyar IX]] (1868–1894 CE)
* [[Maharani Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana|Vani Vilas Sannidhana]], queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to 1902 CE)
* ''Nalvadi'' [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1894–1940 CE)
* [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar|Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]] (1940–1950 CE)
 
==Gajapati Empire of Orissa (1434–1541 CE)==
{{main|Gajapati Empire}}
 
;List of rulers–
* [[Kapilendra Deva]] (1434–1467 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Purushottama Deva]] (1467–1497 CE)
* [[Prataparudra Deva]] (1497–1540 CE)
* [[Kalua Deva]] (1540–1541 CE)
* [[Kakharua Deva]] (1541 CE), last ruler of dynasty
 
== Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (1465–1947 CE) ==
{{Main| Bikaner State }}
{{See also| Rathore|Bikaner| Jangladesh}}
 
;List of rulers–
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Name
! Reign Began (in CE)
! Reign Ended (in CE)
|-
! 1
| [[Rao Bika]]
| 1465
| 1504
|-
! 2
| [[Rao Narayan Singh]]
| 1504
| 1505
|-
! 3
| [[Rao Luna Karana]]  ''Lon-Karan''
| 1505
| 1526
|-
! 4
| [[Rao Jait Singh]] ''Jetasi''
| 1526
| 1542
|-
|-
! 5
| [[Rao Kalyan Mal]] – Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor [[Akbar]] at [[Nagaur]] in November 1570
| 1542
| 1574
|-
|-
! 6
| [[Rao Rai Singh I]]  ''Rai Rai Singh'' – Important General in the Mughal army Similar to Raja Man Singh I of Amber
| 1574
| 1612
|-
|-
! 7
| [[Rai Dalpat Singh]] ''Dalip''
| 1612
| 1613
|-y. 
|-
! 8
| [[Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya]]
| 1613
| 1631
|-
|-
! 9
| [[Rao Karan Singh]] ''Jangalpat Badhshah'' – Deposed by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] for dereliction of duty at [[Attock]], 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura in the Deccan
| 1631
| 1667
|-
|-
! 10
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Anup Singh]] –  To be the first to be granted the title "Maharaja" by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]. Served in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] campaign at [[Salher]] in 1672, [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] in 1675, and the siege of [[Golconda]] in 1687. He was administrator of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] from 1677 to 1678, 'Hakim' of [[Adoni]] in 1678, [[Imtiazgarh]] and [[Adoni]] from 1689 to 1693, and of Nusratabad and Sukkar from 1693 to 1698 CE
| 1669
| 1698
|-
|-
! 11
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Sarup Singh]] – He died from [[smallpox]] at [[Adoni]] in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] on 15 December 1700
| 1698
| 1700
|-
|-
! 12
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Sujan Singh]] – Ordered to attend Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from [[Maharaja Abhai Singh]] of [[Jodhpur]] and [[Maharaja Bakht Singh]] of [[Nagaur]], but successfully repulsed both
| 1700
| 1735
|-
|-
! 13
| ''Maharaja''  [[Rao Zorawar Singh]]
| 1735
| 1746
|-
|-
! 14
|  ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Gaj Singh]] –  the first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor [[Alamgir II]]
| 1746
| 1787
|-
! 15
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Rai Singh II]] ''Raj Singh''
| 1787
| 1787
|-
! 16
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Pratap Singh]] – Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne
| 1787
| 1787
|-
|-
! 17
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Surat Singh]] – He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the [[East India Company]] with a [[subsidiary alliance]] on 9 March 1818
| 1787
| 1828
|-
|-
! 18
| ''Narendra Maharaja'' [[Rao Ratan Singh]] – Received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor [[Akbar Shah II]] and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the [[First Afghan War]] of 1841
| 1828
| 1851
|-
|-
! 19
| ''Narendra Maharaja''  [[Rao Sardar Singh]] – Assisted the British during the [[Indian Mutiny|Indian Uprising of 1857]] and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with ''Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria''.
| 1851
| 1872
|-
|-
! 20
| ''Narendra Maharaja'' [[Dungar Singh|Rao Dungar Singh]] – Assisted the British during the [[Second Afghan War]].
| 1872
| 1887
|-
|-
! 21
| ''General Narendra Maharaja Sir'' [[Ganga Singh|Rao Ganga Singh]]  – Member of Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) for [[Bikaner]], 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the [[League of Nations]].
| 1887
| 1943
|-
! 22
| ''Lieutenant-General Narendra Maharaja Sir''  [[Sadul Singh of Bikaner|Rao Sadul Singh]] – Signed the [[Instrument of Accession]] to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of [[Rajasthan]], India on 30 March 1949.
| 1943
| 1947
|-
! 23
| [[Maharaja Karni Singh|Rao Karni Singh]] 
| 1947
| 1971
|}
 
==Shahi dynasties (1490–1686 CE)==
;Dynasties are as follow–
 
===Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)===
{{main|Bidar Sultanate}}
 
* [[Qasim Barid I]] 1490–1504
* [[Amir Barid I]] 1504–1542
* [[Ali Barid Shah I]] 1542–1580
* [[Ibrahim Barid Shah]] 1580–1587
* [[Qasim Barid Shah II]] 1587–1591
* [[Ali Barid Shah II]] 1591
* [[Amir Barid Shah II]] 1591–1601
* [[Mirza Ali Barid Shah III]] 1601–1609
* [[Amir Barid Shah III]] 1609–1619
 
===Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)===
{{main|Berar Sultanate}}
 
* [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] (1490–1504)
* [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] (1504–1530)
* [[Darya Imad Shah]] (1530–1562)
* [[Burhan Imad Shah]] (1562–1574)
* [[Tufal Khan]] 1574
 
===Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)===
{{main|Adil Shahi dynasty}}
 
* [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] (1490–1511)
* [[Ismail Adil Shah]] (1511–1534)
* [[Mallu Adil Shah]] (1534)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] (1534–1558)
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]] (1558–1579)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] (1580–1627)
* [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur]] (1627–1657)
* [[Ali Adil Shah II]] (1657–1672)
* [[Sikandar Adil Shah]] (1672–1686)
 
===Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)===
{{main|Ahmadnagar Sultanate}}
 
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]] 1490–1510
* [[Burhan Shah I|Burhan Nizam Shah I]] 1510–1553
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] 1553–1565
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]] 1565–1588
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah II]] 1588–1589
* [[Ismail Nizam Shah]] 1589–1591
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah II]] 1591–1595
* [[Ibrahim Nizam Shah]] 1595–1596
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II]] 1596
* [[Bahadur Nizam Shah]] 1596–1600
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]] 1600–1610
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]] 1610–1631
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah III]] 1631–1633
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah III]] 1633–1636
 
===Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)===
{{main|Qutb Shahi dynasty}}
 
* [[Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk]] (1518–1543)
* [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]] (1543–1550)
* [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]] (1550)
* [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]] (1550–1580)
* [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] (1580–1612)
* [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]] (1612–1626)
* [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] (1626–1672)
* [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] (1672–1686)
 
==Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam  (15th–17th century CE)==
{{main|Gatti Mudalis|Taramangalam}}
 
;List of known rulers–
*Vanagamudi Gatti
*Immudi Gatti
*Gatti Mudali
 
==Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)==
{{main|Kingdom of Cochin}}
 
Veerakerala Varma, nephew of [[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]], is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
 
# Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
# Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
# Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
# Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
# Godavarma (1637–1645)
# Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
# Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
# Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
# Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
# Goda Varma (1662–1663)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
# Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
# Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
# Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
# Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
# Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
# Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
# Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
# Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
# Veera [[Kerala Varma II]] (1760–1775)
# [[Rama Varma VIII]] (1775–1790)
# [[Shaktan Thampuran]] (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
# [[Rama Varma X]] (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
# Veera [[Kerala Varma III]] (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month ([[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]]))
# [[Rama Varma XI]] (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XII]] (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XIII]] (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
# Veera [[Kerala Varma IV]] (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
# [[Ravi Varma IV]] (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XIV]] (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
# [[Kerala Varma V]] (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XV]] (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
# [[Rama Varma XVI]] (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
# [[Rama Varma XVII]] (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
# [[Kerala Varma VI]] (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
# [[Ravi Varma V]] (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
# [[Aikya Keralam Thampuran|Kerala Varma VII]] (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
# [[Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran|Rama Varma XVIII]] (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran
 
==Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE) ==
{{main|Koch dynasty}}
 
===Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)===
*[[Biswa Singha]] (1515–1540)
*[[Nara Narayan]] (1540–1586)
 
===Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)===
{{main|Cooch Behar State}}
 
* Lakshmi Narayan
* Bir Narayan
* Pran Narayan
* Basudev Narayan
* Mahindra Narayan
* Roop Narayan
* Upendra Narayan
* Devendra Narayan
* Dhairjendra Narayan
* Rajendra Narayan
* Dharendra Narayan
* Harendra Narayan
* Shivendra Narayan
* [[Narendra Narayan]]
* [[Nripendra Narayan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html|title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless|website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk}}</ref>
* [[Rajendra Narayan|Rajendra Narayan II]]
* [[Jitendra Narayan]] (father of [[Gayatri Devi]])
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949)
 
=== Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)===
{{main|Koch Hajo}}
* Raghudev (son of [[Chilarai]], nephew of Nara Narayan)
* Parikshit Narayan
 
=== Rulers of Darrang ===
 
* Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
* Mahendra Narayan
* Chandra Narayan
* Surya Narayan
 
=== Rulers of Beltola ===
{{Main|History of Beltola}}
 
*Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of [[Koch Hajo]], brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of [[Darrang district|Darrang]]).
*Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
*Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
*Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
*Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
*Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
*Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
*Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
*Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
*Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
*Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
*Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)
 
=== Rulers of Bijni ===
The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]].
 
* Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
* Joy Narayan
* Shiv Narayan
* Bijoy Narayan
* Mukunda Narayan
* Haridev Narayan
* Balit Narayan
* Indra Narayan
* Amrit Narayan
* Kumud Narayan
* Jogendra Narayan
* Bhairabendra Narayan
 
=== Rulers of Khaspur ===
 
The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:<ref name="bhatta94begend">{{cite book |last=Bhattacharjee |first=J B |year=1994 |chapter=Pre-colonial Political Structure of Barak Valley |editor-last=Sangma |editor-first=Milton S |title=Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao  |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |pages=71 |isbn=978-81-7387-015-6 |quote=The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong.}}</ref>
* Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
* Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
* Vijay Narayana
* Dhir Narayana
* Mahendra Narayana
* Ranjit
* Nara Singha
* Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of [[Kachari kingdom]], and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)
 
== Khandwala (Raj Darbhanga) dynasty of Mithila (1526–1947 CE) ==
{{main|Raj Darbhanga}}
 
;List of rulers–
*  Raja Mahesh Thakur (Approx. 1526–1557)
*  Raja Gopal Thakur (Approx. 1557–1600)
*  Raja Parmanand Thakur (Approx. 1600–1607)
*  Raja Purushottam Thakur (ruled 1607–1623)
*  Raja Narayan Thakur (ruled 1623–1642).
*  Raja Sundar Thakur (ruled 1642–1662)
*  Raja Mahinath Thakur (ruled 1662–1684)
*  Raja Nirpat Thakur (ruled 1684–1700)
*  Raja Raghu Singh (ruled 1700–1736)
*  Raja Bishnu Singh (ruled 1736–1740)
*  Raja Narendra Singh (ruled 1740–1760)
*  Raja Pratap Singh (ruled 1760–1776)
*  Raja Madho Singh (ruled 1776–1808)
*  Maharaja Chhatra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1808–1839)
*  Maharaja Rudra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1839–1850)
*  Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1850–1860)
*  [[Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh]] Bahadur (ruled 1860–1898)
*  Maharaja [[Rameshwar Singh Bahadur]] (ruled 1898–1929)
*  [[Kameshwar Singh|Maharaja Kameshwar Singh Bahadur]] (ruled 1929–1947), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL094.PDF |title=The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 94 |website=GhandiServe}}</ref>
 
==Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE)==
{{main|Mughal Empire}}
 
* [[Babur]] (1526–1530), founder of the dynasty
* [[Humayun]] (1530–1540)
* [[Akbar]] (1556–1605)
* [[Jahangir]] (1605–1627)
* [[Shah Jahan]] (1627–1657)
* [[Aurangzeb]] (1658–1707)
*[[Muhammad Azam Shah]] (1707)
* [[Bahadur Shah I]] (1707–1712)
* [[Jahandar Shah]] (1712–1713)
* [[Farrukh Siyar]] (1713–1719)
* [[Rafi ud Darajat]] (1719)
* [[Rafi ud Daulah]] (1719)
* [[Nikusiyar]] (1719)
* [[Muhammad Shah]] (first rule, 1719–1720)
* [[Muhammad Ibrahim (13th Mughal emperor)|Muhammad Ibrahim]] (1720)
* [[Muhammad Shah]] (restored) (1720–1748)
* [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] (1748–1754)
* [[Alamgir II]] (1754–1759)
* [[Shah Jahan III]] (1760)
* [[Shah Alam II]] (1759–1806)
* [[Akbar Shah II]] (1806–1837)
* [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]] (1837–1857), last of Mughals
 
==Sur Empire (1540–1555 CE)==
{{main|Sur Empire}}
 
* [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]]
* [[Islam Shah Suri]] (1545–1554)
* [[Firuz Shah Suri]] (1554)
* [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]] (1554–1555)
* [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]] (1555)
* [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] (1554–1555)
* [[Adil Shah Suri]] (1555–1556), last ruler of dynasty
 
==Bhoi dynasty (1541–1947 CE)==
{{main|Bhoi dynasty}}
 
===Gajapati of Odisha===
 
* [[Govinda Vidyadhara]] (1541–1548), founder of dynasty
* Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)
* Narasimha Ray Jena (1557–1558)<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Asiatic Society (Kolkata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFoyAQAAMAAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara+writer&pg=PA187 |title=Journal |date=1901 |language=en}}</ref>
* Raghuram Ray Chotaraya (1558–1560)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Chotraya |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref>
 
===Khurda Kingdom===
{{main|Khurda Kingdom}}
 
* [[Ramachandra Deva I]] (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568–1600)
* Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)
* Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)
* Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)
* Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)
* Divyasingha Deva I (1689–1716)
* Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)
* Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)
* Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)
* Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)
* Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)
* Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804)
'''Dhenkanal State'''
 
{{Main|Dhenkanal State}}
 
List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cENQAQAAIAAJ&q=Bhoi+Dynasty |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref>
 
* Harisingh Vidyadhara (1530 -1594)
* Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (1594 - 1615)
* Balabhadra Ray Singh (1615 - 1641)
* Nilakantha Ray Singh (1641 - 1682)
* Nrusingh Bhramarbar (1682 - 1708)
* Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (1708 - 1728)
* Braja Behari Bhramarbar (1728 - 1741)
* Damodar Bhramarbar (1741 - 1743)
* Trilochna Dev Mahendra Bahadur (1743 - 1785)
* Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (1796 - 1807)
* Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1807 - 1822)
* Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1822 - 1830)
* Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (1830 - 1873)
* Pitambar Deo (1873 - 1877)
* Dinabandhu Mahendra Bahadur (1877 - 1885)
* Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (1885 - 1918)
* Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1918 - 1948)
 
'''Titular'''
 
* Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1948 - 1965)
* [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]] (born 6 August 1941)
 
===Puri Estate===
{{main|Puri Estate}}
 
* Mukundeva Deva II (1804–1817) (exiled and continued as Raja of Puri)
* Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)
* Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)
* Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)
* Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)
* Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1947), last official ruler of dynasty<ref>{{citation |title=The Traditional Role of Gajapati Maharaja in Shri Jagannath Temple |publisher=Orissa Review |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/july/engpdf/27-30.pdf |author=Bhaskar Mishra |date=July 2011 }}</ref>
 
===Titular rulers===
 
* Ramchandra Deva IV (1947–1956)
* Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970)
* [[Dibyasingha Deb|Divyasingha Deva IV]] (1970–current, Current Raja of Puri and Titular Gajapati)
 
==Chogyal Kingdom of Sikkim (1642–1975 CE)==
{{Main|Kingdom of Sikkim|Chogyal}}
 
* [[Phuntsog Namgyal]] (1642–1670): Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.
* [[Tensung Namgyal]] (1670–1700): Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.
* [[Chakdor Namgyal]] (1700–1717): His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.
* [[Gyurmed Namgyal]] (1717–1733): Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.
* [[Phuntsog Namgyal II]] (1733–1780): Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.
* [[Tenzing Namgyal]] (1780–1793): Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
* [[Tsugphud Namgyal]] (1793–1863): The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.
* [[Sidkeong Namgyal]] (1863–1874)
* [[Thutob Namgyal]] (1874–1914): John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.
* [[Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal]] (1914): The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.
* [[Tashi Namgyal]] (1914–1963): Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.
* [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]] (1963–1975): The last Chogyal of Sikkim.
 
==Maratha Empire (1674–1947 CE)==
{{main|Maratha Empire}}
{{see also|List of Maratha dynasties and states}}
 
===Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era===
 
* [[Shivaji|Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja]] (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
* [[Sambhaji|Sambhaji Maharaja]] (1680–1689), elder son of [[Shivaji]]
* [[Rajaram Chhatrapati]] (1689–1700), younger son of [[Shivaji]]
* [[Tarabai]], regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
* [[Shivaji II]] (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the [[Kolhapur]] Chhatrapatis
 
''The Empire was divided between two branches of the family (c. 1707–1710); and the division was formalized in 1731.''
 
===Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947 CE)===
{{main|Kolhapur State}}
 
* [[Shivaji II]] (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
* [[Sambhaji II of Kolhapur]] (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
* Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
* Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
* Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
* Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
* Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
* Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
* Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
* Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
* Council of regency (1870–94)
* Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
* Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
* Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* [[Vikramsinhrao Puar|Shahaji II of Kolhapur]] (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II
 
''The state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]] following the [[independence of India]] in 1947.''
 
===Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1950 CE)===
{{see also|History of Satara district|Satara state}}
 
* [[Shahu I]] (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
* [[Ramaraja]] (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
* Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
* Pratapsinh I (1808–1839)
* Shahaji III (1839–1848)
* Pratapsinh II (adopted)
* Rajaram III
* Pratapsinh III
* Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)
 
===The Peshwas (1713–1858 CE)===
{{main|Peshwa}}
 
Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of [[Chattrapati Shahu]], and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.
 
* [[Balaji Vishwanath]] (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
* [[Bajirao|Peshwa Bajirao I]] (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
* [[Peshwa|Balaji Bajirao]] (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
* [[Madhavrao Ballal]] (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
* [[Narayanrao Bajirao]] (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
* [[Raghunath Rao Bajirao]] (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
* [[Sawai Madhavrao]] (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
* [[Baji Rao II]] (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
* [[Nana Sahib]] (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)
 
===Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947 CE)===
{{main|Gaekwad dynasty|Baroda State}}
 
* [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1721–1732)
* [[Damaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1732–1768)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (1768–1771)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I]] (1771–1789)
* [[Manaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1789–1793)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (restored) (1793–1800)
* [[Anand Rao Gaekwad]] (1800–1818)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II]] (1818–1847)
* [[Ganpat Rao Gaekwad]] (1847–1856)
* [[Khande Rao Gaekwad]] (1856–1870)
* [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad]] (1870–1875)
* [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] (1875–1939)
* [[Pratap Singh Gaekwad]] (1939–1951)
 
===Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947 CE)===
{{main|Scindia|Gwalior State}}
 
*[[Ranojirao Scindia]] (1731–19 July 1745)
*[[Jayapparao Scindia]] (1745–25 July 1755)
*[[Jankojirao I Scindia]] (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
* Meharban [[Dattaji Rao Scindia]], Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
* ''Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763''
*[[Kedarjirao Scindia]] (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
*[[Manajirao Scindia Phakade]] (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
*[[Mahadaji Scindia]] (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
*[[Daulatrao Scindia]] (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
*[[Jankoji Rao Scindia II]] (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
*[[Jayajirao Scindia]] (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
*[[Madho Rao Scindia]] (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
*[[George Jivajirao Scindia]] (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961
 
''Following the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].''
 
*[[Madhavrao Scindia]] (6 February 1949; died 2001)
*[[Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia]] (born 1 January 1971)
 
===Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948 CE)===
{{main|Holkar|Indore State}}
 
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar|Malharrao Holkar (I)]] (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
* Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
* [[Rajmata Ahilya Devi Holkar|Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar]] (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
* [[Tukojirao Tanaji Holkar|Tukojirao Holkar (I)]] (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
* Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
* [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar II|Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II]] (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
* [[Marthand Rao Holkar|Martandrao Malharrao Holkar]] (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
* [[Hari Rao Holkar|Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar]] (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
* [[Khande Rao Holkar II|Khanderao Harirao Holkar II]] (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)
* [[Tukojirao Holkar II|Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II]] (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
* [[Shivajirao Holkar|Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar]] (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
* [[Tukojirao Holkar III|Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III]] (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
* [[Yashwant Rao Holkar II|Yashwantrao Holkar II]] (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)
 
''Following the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]]. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.''
 
===Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1738–1854 CE)===
{{main|Nagpur kingdom}}
 
* [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji I]] (1738–1755)
* [[Janoji Bhonsle|Janoji]] (1755–1772)
* [[Sabaji Bhonsle|Sabaji]] (1772–1775)
* [[Mudhoji I Bhonsle|Mudhoji I]] (1775–1788)
* [[Raghoji II Bhonsle|Raghoji II]] (1788–1816)
* [[Parsoji Bhonsle]] (1800–1850)
* [[Mudhoji II Bhonsle|Mudhoji II]] (1816–1818)
* [[Raghoji III Bhonsle|Raghoji III]] (1818–1853)
 
''The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.''<ref>{{cite book |author=Prabhakar Gadre |date=1994 |title=Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company |location=Jaipur, India |publisher=Publication Scheme |page=257 |isbn=978-81-85263-65-6 |quote=Cogent arguments were advanced against the lapse of Nagpur State. But ... the view of the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie, pravailed and the Nagpur kingdom was annexed on 13th March, 1854.}}</ref>
 
== Thanjavur Maratha kingdom  (c. 1674–1855 CE) ==
{{Main|Thanjavur Maratha kingdom}}
 
The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of [[Thanjavur]] principality of [[Tamil Nadu]] between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was [[Thanjavur Marathi dialect|Thanjavur Marathi]]. [[Venkoji]], Shahaji's son and Shivaji's half brother, was the founder of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anwar|first=Kombai S.|date=2018-04-26|title=Thanjavur emerged as a thriving cultural capital under the Marathas|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/thanjavur-emerged-s-a-thriving-cultural-capital-under-the-marathas/article23681249.ece|access-date=2021-04-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
 
;List of rulers
* [[Venkoji]]
* [[Shahuji I of Thanjavur]]
* [[Serfoji I]]
* [[Tukkoji]]
* [[Pratapsingh of Thanjavur]]
* [[Thuljaji]]
* [[Serfoji II]]
* [[Shivaji II of Thanjavur]]
 
== Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur (1683–1947 CE) ==
{{Main|Bharatpur State}}
;List of rulers
{{Sinsinwar Jat}}
 
==The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)==
 
===Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770 CE)===
{{main|Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad}}
 
* [[Murshid Quli Jafar Khan]] (1707–1727)
* [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan|Sujauddin Khan]] (1727–1739)
* [[Sarfraz Khan]] (1739–1740)
* [[Alivardi Khan]] (1740–1756)
* [[Siraj Ud Daulah]] (1756–1757)
* [[Mir Jafar]] (1757–1760)
* [[Mir Qasim]] (1760–1763)
* [[Mir Jafar]] (1763–1765)
* [[Najm ud Daulah]] (1765–1766)
* [[Saif ud Daulah]] (1766–1770)
 
===Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858 CE)===
{{main|Oudh State}}
 
* [[Saadat Ali Khan I]] (1719–1737)
* [[Safdarjung]] (1737–1753)
* [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] (1753–1775)
* [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] (1775–1797)
* [[Wazir Ali Khan]] (1797–1798)
* [[Saadat Ali Khan II]] (1798–1814)
* [[Ghazi-ud-Din Haider]] (1814–1827)
* [[Nasiruddin Haider]] (1827–1837)
* [[Muhammad Ali Shah]] (1837–1842)
* [[Amjad Ali Shah]] (1842–1847)
* [[Wajid Ali Shah]] (1847–1856)
* [[Birjis Qadra]] (1856–1858)
 
===Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948 CE)===
{{main|Hyderabad State|Nizam of Hyderabad}}
 
* [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I]] (1720–1748)
* [[Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad|Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah]] (1748–1750)
* [[Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat|Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang]] (1750–1751)
* [[Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang|Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang]] (1751–1762)
* [[Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang|Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang]] (1751–1762)
* [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II]] (1762–1803)
* [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II]] (1762–1803)
* [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Asif Jah III|Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III]] (1803–1829)
* [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Asif Jah III|Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III]] (1803–1829)
* [[Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asif Jah IV|Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV]] (1829–1857)
* [[Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asif Jah IV|Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV]] (1829–1857)
* [[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V|Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V]] (1857–1869)
* [[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V|Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V]] (1857–1869)
* [[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI|Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI]] (1869–1911)
* [[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI|Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI]] (1869–1911)
* [[Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII|Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII]] (1911–1948)
* [[Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII|Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII]] (1911–1948)
 
==Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1949 CE)==
{{main|Travancore}}
;List of rulers–
* [[Marthanda Varma]] (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
* [[Dharma Raja]] (1758–1798 CE)
* [[Balarama Varma]] (1798–1810CE)
* [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]] (1810–1815 CE)
* [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]] (1815–1829 CE)
* [[Swathi Thirunal]] (1829–1846 CE)
* [[Uthram Thirunal]] (1846–1860 CE)
* [[Ayilyam Thirunal]] (1860–1880 CE)
* [[Visakham Thirunal]] (1880–1885 CE)
* [[Moolam Thirunal]] (1885–1924 CE)
* [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]] (1924–1931 CE)
* [[Chithira Thirunal]] (1931–1949 CE)
 
== Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (1769 – 1858 CE) ==
{{main|Newalkar|Jhansi State}}
;List of rulers–
* Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
* Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
* Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
* Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
* Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
* [[Gangadhar Rao]] (1843–1853)
* [[Rani Lakshmi Bai]] as regent of [[Anand Rao|Damodar Rao]] of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3BzmTdQLioC&pg=PA227|title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide|author1=Guida M. Jackson|author2=Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1999|page=227|isbn=9781576070918}}</ref>
 
==Sikh Empire (1801–1849 CE)==
{{main|Sikh Empire}}
;List of rulers-
* [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839 CE), founder of Sikh Empire
* [[Kharak Singh]] (b. 1801, d. 1840 CE), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
* [[Nau Nihal Singh]] (b. 1821, d. 1840 CE), grandson of Ranjit Singh
* [[Chand Kaur]] (b. 1802, d. 1842 CE) was briefly [[Regent]]
* [[Sher Singh]] (b. 1807, d. 1843 CE), son of Ranjit Singh
* [[Duleep Singh]] (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893 CE), youngest son of Ranjit Singh
 
The British Empire annexed the Punjab in 1845–49 CE; after the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|Second]] [[Anglo-Sikh War (disdambiguation)|Anglo-Sikh Wars]]
 
== Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952 CE) ==
{{main|Dogra dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
|-
|[[Gulab Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|100px]]||1846–1856 CE|| Founder of [[Dogra dynasty]] and the first [[Maharaja]] of the [[Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir]], the second largest princely state under the [[British Raj]], which was created after the defeat of the [[Sikh Empire]] in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]. The [[Treaty of Amritsar (1846)]] formalised the sale by the British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the [[Treaty of Lahore]].
|-
|[[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Ranbir Singh]]||[[File:Maharajah Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|100px]]||1856–1885 CE|| Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to poor health. He allied with the British during the [[Sepoy Mutiny]]. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to [[Siege of Delhi|besiege Delhi]]. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex [[Gilgit]] which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the [[Ranbir Penal Code]] during his reign.
|-
|[[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Pratap Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja Partab Singh (1848 - 1925).jpg|100px]]||1885–1925 CE|| Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of all the Dogra rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh's era was a period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He established local self governing bodies, democratic processes, educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had undergone significant social and cultural transformation.
|-
|[[Hari Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja hari singh ji.jpg|100px]]||1925–1952 CE||  Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state, introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship to the low [[Caste system in India|castes]]. He signed the [[Dominion of India|Instrument of Accession]] of Jammu and Kashmir to the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] on 26 October 1947, through which the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by Government of India under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].
|-
|[[Karan Singh]]<br /><small>(Prince Regent)</small>||[[File:Dr-Karan-Singh-sept2009.jpg|100px]]||1949–1952 CE|| Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of eighteen and served till the monarchy's abolition in 1952. He was appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir|Governor of the State]] in 1964 CE.
|-
|}
 
==Emperors/Empresses of India (1857–1947 CE)==
{{main|Emperor of India|British Raj}}
* Queen-Empress [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] (1876–1901 CE)
* King-Emperor [[Edward VII]] (1901–1910 CE)
* King-Emperor [[George V]] (1910–1936 CE)
* King-Emperor [[Edward VIII]] (1936 CE)
* King-Emperor [[George VI]] (1936–1947 CE){{refn|name=Emperor1947a|group=nb|The title "[[Emperor of India]]" did not disappear with Indian independence from Great Britain in 1947, but in 1947, as when India became the [[Dominion of India]] (1947–1950) after independence in 1947, George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948, and thereafter he remained monarch of India until it became the [[Republic of India]] in 1950.<ref name=gazette1948-06-22a>{{London Gazette |issue=38330 |date=22 June 1948 |page=3647 }} Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.]('Section 7: ...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.'). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the [[Style of the British sovereign#Styles of British sovereigns|Style and Titles]] 'George VI by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith', and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.</ref>}}
 
==Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)==
{{main|Dominion of India}}
* [[George VI]], King of India (1947–1950 CE) retained the title "[[Emperor of India]]" until 22 June 1948.
 
==Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956 CE)==
{{main|Dominion of Pakistan}}
* [[George VI]], King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
* [[Elizabeth II]], Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)
 
==See also==
* [[Greater India]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[History of Hinduism]]
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[History of Sri Lanka]]
* [[History of South India]]
* [[List of Tamil monarchs]]
* [[List of rulers of Assam]]
* [[List of rulers of Malwa]]
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]
* [[List of rulers of Odisha]]
* [[Middle kingdoms of India]]
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]
* [[List of wars involving India]]
* [[Outline of South Asian history]]
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]
* [[List of Hindu empires and dynasties]]
 
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}


==Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1949)==
===Books===
{{anchor|Travancore}}
*{{citation | last = Gnyawali| first = Surya Bikram | title = The Malla Kings of Western Nepal | journal = Regmi Research Series | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = 265–268 | date = 1 December 1971 | orig-year = 1962 | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_03.pdf| access-date = }}
{{main|Travancore}}
*{{cite book |last1=Handa |first1=O. C. (Omacanda) |title=History of Uttaranchal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC |year=2002 |publisher= Indus Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788173871344}}
* [[Marthanda Varma]] (1729–1758)
* {{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Badri Datt|author-link=Badri Datt Pandey|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shyam Prakashan|location=[[Almora]]|isbn=81-85865-01-9}}
* [[Dharma Raja]] (1758–1798)
*{{cite book |first=Mark Aurel |last=Stein |author-link=Mark Aurel Stein |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989a |orig-year=1900 |isbn=978-81-208-0369-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dfT2D8mnukC |access-date=2011-07-11}}
* [[Balarama Varma]] (1798–1810)
*{{cite book |first=Mark Aurel |last=Stein |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989b |orig-year=1900 |isbn=978-81-208-0370-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC |access-date=2011-07-10}}
* [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]] (1810–1815)
* {{cite book |last=Thakur |first=Laxman S. |chapter=The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe |editor=K. K. Kusuman |title=A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA287 |year=1990 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-214-1 |pages=285–293}}
* [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]] (1815–1829)
*{{citation | last = Tucci | first = Giuseppe | title = Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal | publisher = David Brown Book Company | year = 1956| isbn = 9788857526843| url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.6480/}}
* [[Swathi Thirunal]] (1829–1846)
* [[Uthram Thirunal]] (1846–1860)
* [[Ayilyam Thirunal]] (1860–1880)
* [[Visakham Thirunal]] (1880–1885)
* [[Moolam Thirunal]] (1885–1924)
* [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]] (1924–1931)
* [[Chithira Thirunal]] (1931–1949)
 
==Sikh Empire (1801–1849)==
{{anchor|Sikh Empire}}
{{main|Sikh Empire}}
* [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)
* [[Kharak Singh]] (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
* [[Nau Nihal Singh]] (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
* [[Chand Kaur]] (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly [[Regent]]
* [[Sher Singh]] (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
* [[Duleep Singh]] (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh
 
The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|Second]] Anglo-Sikh Wars
 
== Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952)==
{{main|Dogra dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
|-  
|[[Gulab Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|100px]]||1846–1856|| Founder of [[Dogra dynasty]] and the first [[Maharaja]] of the [[Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir]], the second largest princely state under the [[British Raj]], which was created after the defeat of the [[Sikh Empire]] in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]. The [[Treaty of Amritsar (1846)]] formalised the sale by the British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the [[Treaty of Lahore]].
|-  
|[[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Ranbir Singh]]||[[File:Maharajah Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|100px]]||1856–1885|| Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to poor health. He allied with the British during the [[Sepoy Mutiny]]. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to [[Siege of Delhi|besiege Delhi]]. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex [[Gilgit]] which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the [[Ranbir Penal Code]] during his reign.
|-
|[[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Pratap Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja Partab Singh (1848 - 1925).jpg|100px]]||1885–1925|| Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of all the Dogra rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh's era was a period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He established local self governing bodies, democratic processes, educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had undergone significant social and cultural transformation.
|-  
|[[Hari Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja hari singh ji.jpg|100px]]||1925–1952||  Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state, introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship to the low [[Caste system in India|castes]]. He signed the [[Dominion of India|Instrument of Accession]] of Jammu and Kashmir to the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] on 26 October 1947, through which the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by Government of India under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].
|-
|[[Karan Singh]]<br><small>(Prince Regent)</small>||[[File:Dr-Karan-Singh-sept2009.jpg|100px]]||1949–1952|| Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of eighteen and served till the monarchy's abolition in 1952. He was appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir|Governor of the State]] in 1964.  
|-
|}
 
==Emperors/Empresses of India (1857–1947)==
{{see also|Emperor of India|British Raj}}
* Queen-Empress [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] (1876–1901)
* King-Emperor [[Edward VII]] (1901–1910)
* King-Emperor [[George V]] (1910–1936)
* King-Emperor [[Edward VIII]] (1936)
* King-Emperor [[George VI]] (1936–1947){{refn|name=Emperor1947a|group=nb|The title "[[Emperor of India]]" did not disappear with Indian independence from Great Britain in 1947, but in 1947, as when India became the [[Dominion of India]] (1947–1950) after independence in 1947, George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948, and thereafter he remained monarch of India until it became the [[Republic of India]] in 1950.<ref name=gazette1948-06-22a>{{London Gazette |issue=38330 |date=22 June 1948 |page=3647 }} Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.]('Section 7: ...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.'). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the [[Style of the British sovereign#Styles of British sovereigns|Style and Titles]] 'George VI by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith', and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.</ref>}}
 
==Dominion of India (1947–1950)==
{{see also|Dominion of India}}
* [[George VI]], King of India (1947–1950) retained the title "[[Emperor of India]]" until 22 June 1948.
 
==Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)==
{{see also|Dominion of Pakistan}}
* [[George VI]], King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
* [[Elizabeth II]], Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)
 
==See also==
* [[History of India]]
* [[History of Hinduism]]
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[Middle kingdoms of India]]
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]
* [[List of Hindu empires and dynasties]]
 
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}


==Sources and external links==
==Sources and external links==
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