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{{Short description|British-era Indian politician (1905–1944)}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | ||
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| name = Bahadur Yar Jung | | name = Bahadur Yar Jung | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| birth_name =Muhammad Bahadur Khan | | birth_name = Muhammad Bahadur Khan | ||
| image = Bahadur Yar Jung.jpg | | image = Bahadur Yar Jung.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
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| spouse = Noor Alam Khatoon | | spouse = Noor Alam Khatoon | ||
| parents = Khatoon (mother)<br />Nawab Naseeb Yar Jung (father) | | parents = Khatoon (mother)<br />Nawab Naseeb Yar Jung (father) | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung''' ( | '''Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung''' (also '''Bahadur Yar Jang'''; 3 February 1905 – 25 June 1944) was an Indian politician and foremost Muslim leader in the princely state of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] in [[British Raj|British India]]. He founded [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] and the branches of [[Khaksars]] in Hyderabad and was known as a powerful religious preacher. In 1938, he was elected the President of [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], a position in which he served till his death.{{sfn|Benichou, Autocracy to Integration|2000|loc=Chapter 4}}<ref name=TwoCircles>[http://twocircles.net/2009may30/bahadur_yar_jung_and_hindu_muslim_relations.html Bahadur Yar Jung and Hindu-Muslim relations] TwoCircles.net website, Published 30 May 2009, Retrieved 9 March 2022</ref><ref name=Dawn>[https://www.dawn.com/news/640051 Tribute paid to Bahadur Yar Jung] Dawn (newspaper), Published 28 June 2011, Retrieved 9 March 2022</ref><ref name=sop/> | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
[[File:YarJung1year.jpg|thumb|left|Jung aged 1]] | [[File:YarJung1year.jpg|thumb|left|Jung aged 1]] | ||
Bahadur Yar Jung wanted his own princely home state, [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], to be separate from the rest of India as an [[Islamic]]/[[Muslim]] state with [[Sharia Law]] in force. He was the founder and led an organisation called [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], for the propagation of [[Islam]]. A friend and aid to [[Mohammed Iqbal]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], he was one of the most admired leaders of the [[Pakistan Movement]]. In 1926, Bahadur Yar Jung was elected president of the Society of [[Mahdavia|Mahdavis]]. In 1927, he led an organisation called [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], of which he was the founder member. In 1930, he was elected secretary of the ''Union of Jagirdars'' which had been established in 1892 but was moribund. A great Muslim zealot, he advocated peaceful but separate and independent co-existence among people of different religions after the independence of [[British India]]. So he vigorously supported [[All India Muslim League]] and the [[Pakistan Movement]]. He was closely associated with both [[Allama Iqbal]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. He was a great author and a devoted Muslim.<ref name=TwoCircles/><ref name=archive>[https://archive.today/20140629024551/http://karachi-observer.blogspot.de/ Glowing tributes paid to Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung], Published 28 June 2014, Retrieved | Bahadur Yar Jung wanted his own princely home state, [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], to be separate from the rest of India as an [[Islamic]]/[[Muslim]] state with [[Sharia Law]] in force. He was the founder and led an organisation called [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], for the propagation of [[Islam]]. A friend and aid to [[Mohammed Iqbal]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], he was one of the most admired leaders of the [[Pakistan Movement]]. In 1926, Bahadur Yar Jung was elected president of the Society of [[Mahdavia|Mahdavis]]. In 1927, he led an organisation called [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], of which he was the founder member. In 1930, he was elected secretary of the ''Union of Jagirdars'' which had been established in 1892 but was moribund. A great Muslim zealot, he advocated peaceful but separate and independent co-existence among people of different religions after the independence of [[British India]]. So he vigorously supported [[All India Muslim League]] and the [[Pakistan Movement]]. He was closely associated with both [[Allama Iqbal]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. He was a great author and a devoted Muslim.<ref name=TwoCircles/><ref name=archive>[https://archive.today/20140629024551/http://karachi-observer.blogspot.de/ Glowing tributes paid to Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung] Karachi Observer newspaper, Published 28 June 2014, Retrieved 9 March 2022</ref><ref name=Dawn/><ref name=sop/> | ||
[[File:Qaidemillat.jpg|thumb|An undated portrait of Bahadur Yar Jung]] | [[File:Qaidemillat.jpg|thumb|An undated portrait of Bahadur Yar Jung]] | ||
===Oratory=== | ===Oratory=== | ||
Matched by very few, his [[Eloquence|oratory]] skills served as a [[catalyst]] to the independence struggle of British India.<ref name=archive/> On 26 December 1943, he delivered an important speech in the [[All India Muslim League]] Conference. In the first half of his speech he laid stress on the struggle for [[Pakistan]]. In the second half he talked about the creation of Pakistan. At the end he said, | Matched by very few, his [[Eloquence|oratory]] skills served as a [[catalyst]] to the independence struggle of British India.<ref name=archive/> On 26 December 1943, he delivered an important speech in the [[All India Muslim League]] Conference. In the first half of his speech he laid stress on the struggle for [[Pakistan]]. In the second half he talked about the creation of Pakistan. At the end he said, | ||
:''"Muslims! Decisions made under pressure do not last for long. To-day we are not in need of a tree that blooms like a flower or in need of fruit that tastes sweet to our mouths. Instead, we are in the need of fine manure that dissolves in the soil and strengthens the roots. That will unite with the water and soil to produce beautiful flowers. That will destroy itself but will leave its scent and taste in the flowers. We are at present not in need of beautiful scenery that looks good to the eyes, but what we need are foundation stones that will bury themselves in the soil to make the building standing on them strong."''<ref> | :''"Muslims! Decisions made under pressure do not last for long. To-day we are not in need of a tree that blooms like a flower or in need of fruit that tastes sweet to our mouths. Instead, we are in the need of fine manure that dissolves in the soil and strengthens the roots. That will unite with the water and soil to produce beautiful flowers. That will destroy itself but will leave its scent and taste in the flowers. We are at present not in need of beautiful scenery that looks good to the eyes, but what we need are foundation stones that will bury themselves in the soil to make the building standing on them strong."''<ref name=brain>{{cite web|url=http://www.brain.net.pk/~wisetech/50/bio/jang.htm |title=Bahadar Yar Jang - profile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724204847/http://www.brain.net.pk/~wisetech/50/bio/jang.htm |date=17 September 2001 |website= brain.net.pk website|archive-date=24 July 2011|access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Syed al Maududi and the Nawab== | |||
Maududi's first encounter with Bahadur Yar Jang was at the Hyderabad Educational Conference in 1929. Maududi said about him:<blockquote>"When I listened to his speech on this occasion, I was not even aware of his name. Before too long in the course of his speech, I realized that I am facing a man different from the ordinary speakers. His organized thoughts, coherent statements, choice of appropriate words and their well-timed use peppered with good literary taste combined to impress me immediately. Upon asking around in the audience I was told that this was Navab Bahadur Khan, a jagirdar (landholder). On hearing his class background, I was even more impressed. Knowing the feudal class of Hyderabad, I did not expect such a great speaker with pure thoughts and wide knowledge to emerge from that class".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=KHALIDI |first=OMAR |date=2002 |title=Maulānā Mawdūdī and Hyderabad |url= |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=53–54 |issn=}}</ref></blockquote>Despite this Maududi disassociated himself from the Nawab's ''Majlis e Ittehad'' as he found "no benefit in their method of work" and was also critical of him saying that:<blockquote>"There definitely are some good qualities in Bahadur Yar Jang, but his mind is not clear yet. He [sometimes] raises the voice of the caliphate of God, [sometimes] he is with the Khaksars and the Muslim League. Sometimes he is involved in Haydarabadi non-Haydarabadi disputes".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=KHALIDI |first=OMAR |date=2002 |title=Maulānā Mawdūdī and Hyderabad |url= |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=53 |issn=}}</ref></blockquote>Bahadur Yar Jang wrote a letter in 1938, expressing his appreciation for Mawdudi's activities and regretted that Mawdudi did not bid him farewell before the latter's departure to Punjab.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
He was the son of Nawab Naseeb Yar Jung,<ref name="sadozai">{{Cite book |last=احمد (Ahmad) |first= نزیر الدین | He was the son of Nawab Naseeb Yar Jung,<ref name="sadozai">{{Cite book |last=احمد (Ahmad) |first= نزیر الدین (Nazeeruddin) |title=سوانح بہادر یار جنگ (Sawaneh Bahadur Yar Jung) |publisher=بہادر یار جنگ اکیڈ می (Bahadur Yar Jung Academy) |year=1986 |location=حیدرآباد، انڈیا (Hyderabad, India) |pages=15}}</ref> a prominent resident of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. His wife's name was Talmain Khatoon. He had two brothers by name Nawab Mohammed Mandoor Khan [[Sadozai (Pashtun tribe)|Sadozai]] and Nawab Mohammed Doulath Khan [[Sadozai (Pashtun tribe)|Sadozai]]. Nawab Mohammed Mandoor Khan’s three sons (Nawab Mohammed Naseeb Khan, Nawab Mohammed Bahadur Khan & Nawab Mohammed Adil Khan). | ||
==Commemorations== | ==Commemorations== | ||
*[[Bahadurabad]], a neighbourhood of [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]], is named after Bahadur Yar Jung.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/638323 Bahadur Yar Jung Library in Bahadurabad, Karachi, Pakistan] | *[[Bahadurabad]], a neighbourhood of [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]], is named after Bahadur Yar Jung.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/638323 Bahadur Yar Jung Library in Bahadurabad, Karachi, Pakistan] Dawn (newspaper), Published 21 June 2011, Retrieved 9 March 2022</ref> | ||
*City of [[Karachi]], Pakistan also has ''Bahadur Yar Jung Library'' and ''Bahadur Yar Jung Academy'' named after him.<ref name=Dawn/> | *City of [[Karachi]], Pakistan also has ''Bahadur Yar Jung Library'' and ''Bahadur Yar Jung Academy'' named after him.<ref name=Dawn/> | ||
*In 1990, [[Pakistan Post]] issued a postage stamp depicting him in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series designed by [[Saeed Akhtar]].<ref>[ | *In 1990, [[Pakistan Post]] issued a postage stamp depicting him in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series designed by [[Saeed Akhtar]].<ref name=sop>[https://storyofpakistan.com/nawab-bahadur-yar-jang/ Nawab Bahadur Yar Jang profile on Story of Pakistan website] Published 1 January 2007, Retrieved 9 March 2022</ref><ref>[http://pakistanphilately.com/1990.htm Bahadur Yar Jung commemorative postage stamp issued in 1990 by Pakistan Post Office] Retrieved 9 March 2022</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 72: | Line 75: | ||
[[Category:Salar Jung family]] | [[Category:Salar Jung family]] | ||
[[Category:People of British India|Yar Jung, Bahadur]] | [[Category:People of British India|Yar Jung, Bahadur]] | ||
[[Category:Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]] | [[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]] | ||
[[Category:Indian Muslim activists]] | [[Category:Indian Muslim activists]] | ||