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{{Infobox mountain pass | {{Infobox mountain pass | ||
| name = Indira Col | | name = Indira Col | ||
| native_name = {{lang-hi|इंदिरा कोल}} | |||
| other_name = '''Indira Col West''', '''Main Indira Col''' | | other_name = '''Indira Col West''', '''Main Indira Col''' | ||
| photo = | | photo = | ||
| photo_caption = | | photo_caption = | ||
| elevation_m = 5764 | | elevation_m = 5764 | ||
| elevation_ref = | | elevation_ref = | ||
| Line 12: | Line 11: | ||
| location = On the border between Chinese-controlled [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] and Indian-controlled [[Siachen Glacier]].<ref name="bbc">India is in ''de facto'' control of this region of Kashmir; the Indian claim is disputed by [[Pakistan]]. See e.g. ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/default.stm The Future of Kashmir]'' on the [[BBC]] website.</ref> <!--As per the result of [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Siachen_Glacier&oldid=681625990#RfC:_How_should_the_infobox_say_that_the_glacier_is_disputed_.3F this] RfC. Please do not edit location field without relevant discussion.--> | | location = On the border between Chinese-controlled [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] and Indian-controlled [[Siachen Glacier]].<ref name="bbc">India is in ''de facto'' control of this region of Kashmir; the Indian claim is disputed by [[Pakistan]]. See e.g. ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/default.stm The Future of Kashmir]'' on the [[BBC]] website.</ref> <!--As per the result of [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Siachen_Glacier&oldid=681625990#RfC:_How_should_the_infobox_say_that_the_glacier_is_disputed_.3F this] RfC. Please do not edit location field without relevant discussion.--> | ||
| range = Eastern [[Karakoram]] Range | | range = Eastern [[Karakoram]] Range | ||
| coordinates = {{coord| | | map = Karakoram#India Ladakh#India#Gilgit Baltistan#Pakistan#China Xinjiang Southern#China | ||
| map_caption = Location of the Indira Col within the greater [[Karakoram]] region | |||
| label_position = top | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|type:pass|display=title,inline}} | |||
| topo = | | topo = | ||
| embedded = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=6 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Indira Col West''' is a mountain pass at {{convert|5,988|m|ft}}) altitude on the Indira Ridge of [[Siachen Muztagh]] in [[Karakoram Range]]. It is on the border between Indian-controlled [[Siachen Glacier]] and the Chinese-controlled [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] (both in the disputed [[Kashmir region]]), close to the [[tripoint]] of India, Pakistan, and China. | __NOTOC__ | ||
'''Indira Col West''' ({{lang-hi|इंदिरा कोल पश्चिम}}) is a mountain pass at {{convert|5,988|m|ft}}) altitude on the Indira Ridge of [[Siachen Muztagh]] in [[Karakoram Range]]. It is on the border between Indian-controlled [[Siachen Glacier]] and the Chinese-controlled [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] (both in the disputed [[Kashmir region]]), close to the [[tripoint]] of India, Pakistan, and China. | |||
The India-Pakistan [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) in the Siachen area ends near the pass.<ref name=colind1>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/368394/the-fight-for-siachen/ The fight for Siachen]</ref><ref name=colind2>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianconversations.com/SiachenGlacier.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412102328/http://www.asianconversations.com/SiachenGlacier.php |archive-date=2015-04-12 }}</ref><ref name=colind3>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/siachen-while-the-battle-continues-to-rage-no-settlement-is-in-sight/1/306971.html They shall not pass]</ref><ref name=colind4>{{Cite web |url=http://www.timescrest.com/opinion/bullish-on-siachen-9572 |title=Bullish on siachen |access-date=2014-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222021918/http://www.timescrest.com/opinion/bullish-on-siachen-9572 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | The India-Pakistan [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) in the Siachen area ends near the pass.<ref name=colind1>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/368394/the-fight-for-siachen/ The fight for Siachen]</ref><ref name=colind2>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianconversations.com/SiachenGlacier.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412102328/http://www.asianconversations.com/SiachenGlacier.php |archive-date=2015-04-12 }}</ref><ref name=colind3>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/siachen-while-the-battle-continues-to-rage-no-settlement-is-in-sight/1/306971.html They shall not pass]</ref><ref name=colind4>{{Cite web |url=http://www.timescrest.com/opinion/bullish-on-siachen-9572 |title=Bullish on siachen |access-date=2014-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222021918/http://www.timescrest.com/opinion/bullish-on-siachen-9572 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
It is possible to ascend the pass from both the north and south sides controlled by China and India respectively.<ref name=imf4/> | It is possible to ascend the pass from both the north and south sides controlled by China and India respectively.<ref name=imf4/> | ||
| Line 23: | Line 27: | ||
'''India Saddle'''<!-- IMPORTANT: Retain the first occurrence of the features named "Indira <xyz>" / "Turkmenistan La <xyz>" / "India Saddle" in bold as there is no separate article for these, some are already redirected here, remaining features must be redirected here. Thanks. --> (Coord {{Coord|35|39|50|N|76|48|20|E|type:pass|display=inline}}), a [[Saddle (landform)|geographical saddle]], connects the Indira Col East and Indira Col West.<ref name=swa1/> | '''India Saddle'''<!-- IMPORTANT: Retain the first occurrence of the features named "Indira <xyz>" / "Turkmenistan La <xyz>" / "India Saddle" in bold as there is no separate article for these, some are already redirected here, remaining features must be redirected here. Thanks. --> (Coord {{Coord|35|39|50|N|76|48|20|E|type:pass|display=inline}}), a [[Saddle (landform)|geographical saddle]], connects the Indira Col East and Indira Col West.<ref name=swa1/> | ||
'''Indira Ridge''' separates the Chinese-controlled [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]], which lies north of Indira Ridge, from the [[Siachen Glacier]], which lies south of Indira Ridge. The AGPL end point, Indira Col West, Indira Col East, Indira Saddle, Turkestan La North, and Turkestan La East lie on the Indira Ridge from west to east.<ref name=swa1/><ref name=swa3/> | '''Indira Ridge''' separates the Chinese-controlled [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]], which lies north of Indira Ridge, from the [[Siachen Glacier]], which lies south of Indira Ridge. The AGPL end point, Indira Col West, Indira Col East, Indira Saddle, Turkestan La North, and Turkestan La East lie on the Indira Ridge from west to east.<ref name=swa1/><ref name=swa3/> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| Line 71: | Line 75: | ||
|date=November 15, 1968 | |date=November 15, 1968 | ||
|publisher=Florida State University College of Law | |publisher=Florida State University College of Law | ||
}}</ref> The AGPL generally runs along the [[Saltoro Mountains]] range, beginning from the northernmost point of the ([[Line of Control|LOC]]) at Point [[NJ 9842]] and ending northwest of ''Indira Col West'' in the north, with peaks in excess of 7,000 meters and average low temperatures around minus 50 celsius.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/aug/31/revisiting-siachen-after-the-ladakh-stand-off-2190461.html|title=Revisiting Siachen after the Ladakh stand-off}}</ref> India gained control of {{convert|1000|sqmi|km2}} of disputed territory in 1984 because of its [[ | }}</ref> The AGPL generally runs along the [[Saltoro Mountains]] range, beginning from the northernmost point of the ([[Line of Control|LOC]]) at Point [[NJ 9842]] and ending northwest of ''Indira Col West'' in the north, with peaks in excess of 7,000 meters and average low temperatures around minus 50 celsius.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/aug/31/revisiting-siachen-after-the-ladakh-stand-off-2190461.html|title=Revisiting Siachen after the Ladakh stand-off}}</ref> India gained control of {{convert|1000|sqmi|km2}} of disputed territory in 1984 because of its [[Siachen_conflict|military operations]] in Siachen.<ref name=":1">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html | publisher=Time.com | title=The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World | date=31 July 1989 | first=Edward W. | last=Desmond/Kashmir | access-date=11 October 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html | archive-date=14 January 2009 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="time.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html|title=The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World|first=Edward W.|last=Desmond|date=31 July 1989|via=www.time.com|access-date=11 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html|archive-date=14 January 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
| Line 120: | Line 124: | ||
; Borders | ; Borders | ||
* [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) | * [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) | ||
* [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] | * [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] {IB) | ||
* [[Line of Control]] | * [[Line of Control]] {LoC) | ||
* [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) | * [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) | ||
* [[Sir Creek]] (SC) | * [[Sir Creek]] (SC) | ||
| Line 157: | Line 161: | ||
*[http://blankonthemap.free.fr/3_geographie/31_cartographie/312_cartes_us/312_baltoro_us2.htm Map at ''Blank on the Map''] | *[http://blankonthemap.free.fr/3_geographie/31_cartographie/312_cartes_us/312_baltoro_us2.htm Map at ''Blank on the Map''] | ||
{{Xinjiang topics}} | |||
{{Mountain passes of China}} | {{Mountain passes of China}} | ||
{{Mountain passes of India}} | {{Mountain passes of India}} | ||