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Jainism in Gujarat: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Palitana.jpg|thumb|[[Palitana temples]] ]] | [[File:Palitana.jpg|thumb|[[Palitana temples]] ]] | ||
{{Jainism}} | {{Jainism}} | ||
[[Jainism]] has had a notable following in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA55|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120813762|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Glasenapp|first1=Helmuth von|year=1999}}</ref> According to the 2011 Census of India, around 0.959% of the population of Gujarat is Jain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827210435/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html| | [[Jainism]] has had a notable following in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA55|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120813762|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Glasenapp|first1=Helmuth von|year=1999}}</ref> According to the 2011 Census of India, around 0.959% of the population of Gujarat is Jain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827210435/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> There are several old Jain temples that draw pilgrims from Jains around the world in places such as [[Palitana temples|Palitana]], [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]], [[Shankheshwar Jain Temple|Sankheshwar]], [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Jains believe that their 22nd [[Tirthankara]] (propagators of Jain religion) [[Neminath]] attained [[Moksha]]/ [[Nirvana]] on [[Girnar]] in Gujarat. Many other monks have also got attained Moksha in Gujarat; especially on the holy mountains of Girnar and [[Shatrunjaya]]. The [[Jain councils]] were held in [[Vallabhi]] c. 5th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA59|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120819382|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Shah|first1=Natubhai|year=2004}}</ref> Their canonical scriptures were written down during this council. King [[Vanaraja Chavda]] (c. 720-780 CE) of the [[Chavda dynasty]] was brought up by a Jain monk named Shilaguna Suri. | Jains believe that their 22nd [[Tirthankara]] (propagators of Jain religion) [[Neminath]] attained [[Moksha]]/ [[Nirvana]] on [[Girnar]] in Gujarat. Many other monks have also got attained Moksha in Gujarat; especially on the holy mountains of Girnar and [[Shatrunjaya]]. The [[Jain councils]] were held in [[Vallabhi]] c. 5th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA59|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120819382|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Shah|first1=Natubhai|year=2004}}</ref> Their canonical scriptures were written down during this council. King [[Vanaraja Chavda]] (c. 720-780 CE) of the [[Chavda dynasty]] was brought up by a Jain monk named Shilaguna Suri. | ||
[[Jain temples]] are found in Gujarat from as early as the 6th and 7th centuries CE. It was patronized by the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas]] and [[Chavada]]s. | [[Jain temples]] are found in Gujarat from as early as the 6th and 7th centuries CE. It was patronized by the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas]] and [[Chavada]]s.{{sfn|Wink|1991|p=355}} [[Dhank Caves]] (3rd-7th century CE) in Rajkot district has Jain Tirthankara carvings. Northern Gujarat became a principle center of Jainism in the 13th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA111|title=Cultural History of India|isbn=9788122415872|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Prakash|first1=Om|year=2005}}</ref> | ||
The earliest known [[Old Gujarati]] text ''Bharat-Bahubali Ras'', was written by a Jain monk. Of the most important people in Gujarat's Jain history were the Acharya [[Hemachandra]] Suri and his pupil, the [[Chaulukya]] ruler [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]. | The earliest known [[Old Gujarati]] text ''Bharat-Bahubali Ras'', was written by a Jain monk Shalibhadra Suri.{{sfn|Datta|1987|p=454}} Of the most important people in Gujarat's Jain history were the Acharya [[Hemachandra]] Suri and his pupil, the [[Chaulukya]] ruler [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]. | ||
==Major Centers== | ==Major Centers== | ||
Major ancient Jain centers include: | Major ancient Jain centers include: | ||
*[[Palitana temples|Palitana]] | *[[Palitana temples|Palitana]] | ||
*[[Girnar]] | *[[Girnar Jain temples|Girnar]] | ||
*[[Bhadreshwar]] | *[[Bhadreshwar Jain Temple|Bhadreshwar]] | ||
*[[Mahudi]] | *[[Mahudi]] | ||
*[[Shankheshwar]] | *[[Shankheshwar Jain Temple|Shankheshwar]] | ||
*[[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] | *[[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] | ||
*[[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]] | *[[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]] | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Sheth Hutheesinh Temple.jpg|[[Hutheesing Jain Temple]] in [[Ahmedabad]] | File:Sheth Hutheesinh Temple.jpg|[[Hutheesing Jain Temple]] in [[Ahmedabad]] | ||
File:Kutch Bhadreshwar Jain Temple.jpg|[[Vasai Jain Temple]], [[Bhadreshwar]] | |||
Samovsaran Mandir Palitana 02.jpg|Samovsaran Mandir, Palitana Teerth | File:Samovsaran Mandir Palitana 02.jpg|Samovsaran Mandir, Palitana Teerth | ||
Girnar Jain temple - Neminath temple.jpg|[[Girnar Jain temples|Girnar]] | File:Girnar Jain temple - Neminath temple.jpg|[[Girnar Jain temples|Girnar]] | ||
File:Tarangaji Jain temple.jpg|[[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]] | |||
Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir.jpg|Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir, [[Kutch]] | File:Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir.jpg|Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir, [[Kutch]] | ||
Mahudi Temple.jpg|[[Mahudi Jain Temple]] | File:Mahudi Temple.jpg|[[Mahudi Jain Temple]] | ||
Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar, Kothara, Kutch.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain temple, Kothara|Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar]], [[Kothara, Kutch|Kothara]] | File:Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar, Kothara, Kutch.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain temple, Kothara|Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar]], [[Kothara, Kutch|Kothara]] | ||
Jain | File:Jain Temple, Pavagadh (cropped).jpg|[[Shri Pavagadh Tirth]], part of [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park|Champaner-Pavagadh]] a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] | ||
File:Polo Monument and Vijaynagar Forest- Jain Temples (cropped).jpg|[[Jain temples, Abhapur]] | File:Polo Monument and Vijaynagar Forest- Jain Temples (cropped).jpg|[[Jain temples, Abhapur]] | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
* {{citation |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth Von |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location=[[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url= | * {{Citation |last=Datta|first=Amaresh|author-link=Amaresh Datta|url={{Google books|ObFCT5_taSgC|page=454|plainurl=yes}} |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|date=1987|isbn=9788126018031}} | ||
* {{citation |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth Von | author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location=[[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url={{Google books|WzEzXDk0v6sC|page=|plainurl=yes}} h |isbn=81-208-1376-6 }} | |||
* {{cite book|last=Wink|first=André|author-link=André Wink|url={{Google books|75FlxDhZWpwC|page=355|plainurl=yes}} |title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World|isbn=9004102361|access-date=21 January 2016|year=1991}} | |||
{{Jain temples}} | {{Jain temples}} | ||
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{{Jainism-stub}} | {{Jainism-stub}} | ||