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{{Short description|Holiday}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} | |||
{{Infobox holiday | {{Infobox holiday | ||
|holiday_name = Indian Arrival Day | | holiday_name = Indian Arrival Day | ||
|type = ethnic | | type = ethnic | ||
|image = East Indian Women, Men and Children (13227675614) (cropped).jpg | | image = East Indian Women, Men and Children (13227675614) (cropped).jpg | ||
|caption | | caption = Early Indian indentured arrivals in Trinidad and Tobago. | ||
|official_name = | | official_name = | ||
|nickname = | | nickname = | ||
|observedby =*[[Fiji]] {{small|(celebrated as [[Girmityas|Girmit]] Remembrance Day)}}<ref> http://girmit.org/what-i-do/thakur-ranjit-singh/historic-girmit-day-marked-with-tears/</ref> | | observedby = *[[Fiji]] {{small|(celebrated as [[Girmityas|Girmit]] Remembrance Day)}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://girmit.org/what-i-do/thakur-ranjit-singh/historic-girmit-day-marked-with-tears/|title=Historic Girmit Day Marked with Tears|date=10 February 2016}}</ref> | ||
*[[Grenada]] | *[[Grenada]] | ||
*[[Guyana]] | *[[Guyana]] | ||
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*[[Saint Lucia]] | *[[Saint Lucia]] | ||
*[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | *[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | ||
*[[South Africa]]<ref>https://www.indianspice.co.za/2020/11/16/1860-indian-arrival-day-november-16-tracing-your-roots/</ref> | *[[South Africa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indianspice.co.za/2020/11/16/1860-indian-arrival-day-november-16-tracing-your-roots/|title=Indian Arrival Day November 16, 1860, Tracing Your Roots|date=16 November 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[Suriname]] | *[[Suriname]] | ||
*[[Trinidad and Tobago]] | *[[Trinidad and Tobago]] | ||
|litcolor = | | litcolor = | ||
|longtype = | | longtype = | ||
|begins = | | begins = | ||
|ends = | | ends = | ||
|date = | | date = *14 May {{small|(Fiji)}} | ||
*14 May {{small|(Fiji)}} | |||
*1 May {{small|(Grenada)}} | *1 May {{small|(Grenada)}} | ||
*5 May {{small|(Guyana)}} | *5 May {{small|(Guyana)}} | ||
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*16 November {{small|(South Africa)}} | *16 November {{small|(South Africa)}} | ||
*30 May {{small|(Trinidad and Tobago)}} | *30 May {{small|(Trinidad and Tobago)}} | ||
|scheduling = | *6 May {{small | (Martinique)}} | ||
|duration = 1 day | | scheduling = | ||
|frequency = Annual | | duration = 1 day | ||
|celebrations = Celebrates South Asian-Indian people and their contributions. | | frequency = Annual | ||
|observances =Parades, religious prayer services, and cultural shows | | celebrations = Celebrates South Asian-Indian people and their contributions. | ||
|significance=Arrival of the first [[South Asia]]n-[[Indian people|Indian]] [[Girmityas|indentured laborers]] in each respective country. | | observances = Parades, religious prayer services, and cultural shows | ||
|relatedto = {{unbulleted list| | | significance = Arrival of the first [[South Asia]]n-[[Indian people|Indian]] [[Girmityas|indentured laborers]] in each respective country. | ||
| relatedto = {{unbulleted list| | |||
|Indian Heritage Day | |Indian Heritage Day | ||
|Indian Emigration Day | |Indian Emigration Day | ||
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===Fiji=== | ===Fiji=== | ||
A resolution was passed in public discussion that every year on May 14 as to be Girmit Remembrance Day. May 14 is the day that the ''[[Leonidas (ship)|Leonidas]]'' (the first ship of indentured Indians) arrived in [[Fiji]] in 1879. Throughout the country each year there are celebration in memory of the [[Girmityas]] and Indian culture.<ref> http://girmit.org/what-i-do/thakur-ranjit-singh/historic-girmit-day-marked-with-tears/</ref> | A resolution was passed in public discussion that every year on May 14 as to be Girmit Remembrance Day. May 14 is the day that the ''[[Leonidas (ship)|Leonidas]]'' (the first ship of indentured Indians) arrived in [[Fiji]] in 1879. Throughout the country each year there are celebration in memory of the [[Girmityas]] and Indian culture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://girmit.org/what-i-do/thakur-ranjit-singh/historic-girmit-day-marked-with-tears/|title=Historic Girmit Day Marked with Tears|date=10 February 2016}}</ref> | ||
===Grenada=== | ===Grenada=== | ||
The 100th anniversary of the first arrival of Indians in [[Grenada]] was commemorated in 1957. This was the first ever commemoration of the day in Grenada. The next commemoration would occur more than five decades later in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Shubha|title=Indians in Grenada celebrate Indian Arrival Day|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://theindiandiaspora.com/news-details/Spotlight/primary_news/indians-in-grenada-celebrate-indian-arrival-day.htm&gws_rd=cr&ei=Gmr2WPjTMoH9vgS1_IvwBg|website=The Indian Diaspora|access-date=18 April 2017|date=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bell|first1=S. A.|title=Out of Evil, Cometh Good|year=2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781105697616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FkmzAwAAQBAJ|access-date=18 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> On 29 April 2009, the Government of Grenada declared that | The 100th anniversary of the first arrival of Indians in [[Grenada]] was commemorated in 1957. This was the first ever commemoration of the day in Grenada. The next commemoration would occur more than five decades later in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Shubha|title=Indians in Grenada celebrate Indian Arrival Day|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://theindiandiaspora.com/news-details/Spotlight/primary_news/indians-in-grenada-celebrate-indian-arrival-day.htm&gws_rd=cr&ei=Gmr2WPjTMoH9vgS1_IvwBg|website=The Indian Diaspora|access-date=18 April 2017|date=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bell|first1=S. A.|title=Out of Evil, Cometh Good|year=2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781105697616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FkmzAwAAQBAJ|access-date=18 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> On 29 April 2009, the Government of Grenada declared that 1 May would officially be designated as Indian Arrival Day and observed annually alongside the existing [[Labour Day]]. The date was already a public holiday in Grenada, on account of Labour Day. The Government also announced that Boucherie Road, the road leading to the site of the arrival of the ''Maidstone'', would be officially renamed Maidstone Road to honour the arrival of Indians in Grenada.<ref>{{cite web|title=L'ARRIVEE INDIENNE COMMEMOREE A GRENADE ET SAINTE-LUCIE|url=http://www.montraykreyol.org/article/larrivee-indienne-commemoree-a-grenade-et-sainte-lucie|website=Montray Kréyol|access-date=18 April 2017|language=fr|date=25 May 2009}}</ref> The renaming was officially carried out in a ceremony at 10:30 AM at La Fortune Junction, St. Patrick on 2 May 2009. Governor General Sir Carlyle Glean unveiled a granite plaque commemorating the arrival of the first Indians in Grenada. The plaque bears the inscription, "On 1st May 1857, in this bay the sailing vessel "Maidstone" anchored and landed 287 passengers having left India three months earlier, with 304 passengers. Between the years 1857 and 1890 other ships anchored in this and other bays bringing a total of 3,200 persons from India to work as agricultural indentured labourers in Grenada. This monument is dedicated to those who became the genesis of the Indo-Grenadian population of our nation".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ferguson|first1=Michael|title=Indian Arrival Day Celebrations|url=http://belmontestate.net/news.htm|website=belmontestate.net|access-date=18 April 2017|date=1 May 2010}}</ref> | ||
===Guyana=== | ===Guyana=== | ||
In [[Guyana]] the holiday is celebrated in May commemorating the first arrival of indentured labourers from [[India]] to the country, on May 5, 1838. On this day, the workers arrived in Guyana to work in sugar plantations. Their descendants today comprise 44 percent of Guyana's population of over 750,000.<ref>http://www.overseasindian.in/2006/apr/news/24dia4.shtml</ref> | In [[Guyana]] the holiday is celebrated in May commemorating the first arrival of indentured labourers from [[India]] to the country, on May 5, 1838. On this day, the workers arrived in Guyana to work in sugar plantations. Their descendants today comprise 44 percent of Guyana's population of over 750,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.overseasindian.in/2006/apr/news/24dia4.shtml|title = Overseas Indian - Latest Science & Technology Updates}}</ref> | ||
===Jamaica=== | ===Jamaica=== | ||
In 1995, the Government of [[Jamaica]] proclaimed May 10 Indian Heritage Day in recognition of the Indians’ contribution to the social and economic development of the country. The arrival of the Indians more than 170 years ago is commemorated in stamps.<ref>https://repeatingislands.com/2009/05/07/jamaica-indian-heritage-day-is-may-10th/</ref> | In 1995, the Government of [[Jamaica]] proclaimed May 10 Indian Heritage Day in recognition of the Indians’ contribution to the social and economic development of the country. The arrival of the Indians more than 170 years ago is commemorated in stamps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repeatingislands.com/2009/05/07/jamaica-indian-heritage-day-is-may-10th/|title = Jamaica: Indian Heritage Day is May 10th|date = 7 May 2009}}</ref> | ||
===Mauritius=== | ===Mauritius=== | ||
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=== Saint Lucia === | === Saint Lucia === | ||
The Indian Diaspora of [[Saint Lucia|St. Lucia]], an association promoting Indo-Saint Lucian heritage, organized the first Indian Arrival Day celebrations in Saint Lucia on 6 May 2013. The association is campaigning for the Saint Lucian government to officially declare | The Indian Diaspora of [[Saint Lucia|St. Lucia]], an association promoting Indo-Saint Lucian heritage, organized the first Indian Arrival Day celebrations in Saint Lucia on 6 May 2013. The association is campaigning for the Saint Lucian government to officially declare 6 May as Indian Arrival Day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stlucianewsonline.com/indian-diaspora-of-saint-lucia-aims-to-keep-indian-heritage-and-culture-alive/|title=Indian Diaspora of Saint Lucia aims to keep Indian heritage and culture alive|work=St. Lucia News Online|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsreporter.in/caribbean-island-of-st-lucia-observes-indian-arrival-day-56086|title=Caribbean island of St. Lucia observes Indian Arrival Day - NewsReporter.in|website=www.newsreporter.in|access-date=2017-04-21}}</ref> Many other Caribbean nations observe Indian Arrival Day annually to commemorate the date when the first Indians arrived in their respective countries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/731545/across-the-west-indies-melas-and-dances-celebrate-the-contributions-of-pioneering-indian-girmityas|title=Across the West Indies, melas and dances celebrate the contributions of pioneering Indian girmityas|last=Singh|first=Shubha|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
===Saint Vincent and the Grenadines=== | ===Saint Vincent and the Grenadines=== | ||
The Parliament of [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] enacted an Act of Parliament on 26 March 2007 officially declaring | The Parliament of [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] enacted an Act of Parliament on 26 March 2007 officially declaring 1 June as Indian Arrival Day. The first official commemoration of the event was held on 1 June that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcsvg.com/2016/06/06/indian-arrival-day-celebrated-today/|title=Indian Arrival Day Celebrated Today|last=Haynes|first=Abigail|date=2016-06-06|website=NBC SVG|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> The day is marked annually by a re-enactment of the landing of Indians at Indian Bay, Kingstown, followed by a procession to Heritage Square. Several Indian cultural events are also held to mark the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thevincentian.com/indian-arrival-day-to-be-significantly-different-p214-1.htm|title=Indian Arrival Day to be significantly different|website=thevincentian.com|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> The first International Indian Diaspora Conference was held for the first time on 1-3 June 2012. It was organized by the St. Vincent and the Grenadines Chapter of the Global Organization of People of Indian Origin International (GOPIO-SVG), in partnership with the SVG Indian Heritage Foundation, and under the patronage of the SVG Ministry of Tourism and Culture. This was the first international conference for the Indian diaspora held in the country. Similar conferences had been held in other Caribbean nations since 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://antiguaobserver.com/diaspora-conference-marks-st-vincents-indian-arrival-day/|title=Diaspora conference marks St Vincent's Indian Arrival Day|date=2012-06-03|work=Antigua Observer Newspaper|access-date=2017-04-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/lifestyle/2012-05-25/st-vincent-celebrates-indian-arrival-cultural-show|title=St Vincent celebrates Indian Arrival with cultural show|website=The Trinidad Guardian|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> | ||
The Government of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines officially designated | The Government of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines officially designated 7 October as Indian Heritage Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Saint_Vincent_Dec2016.pdf|title=India - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|date=December 2016|website=Ministry of External Affairs (India)|access-date=23 April 2017}}</ref> | ||
===Suriname=== | ===Suriname=== | ||
In [[Suriname]], Indian Arrival Day is celebrated on June 5, 1873. On this day a ship named ''[[Lalla Rookh (ship)|Lalla Rookh]]'',<ref>{{cite web | last=Murphy | first=Janet | title=Lalla Rookh- Marking the Indian Arrival in Suriname | website=NewsGram | date=30 April 2016 | url=https://www.newsgram.com/lalla-rookh-marking-the-indian-arrival-in-suriname/ | access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref> arrived in [[Paramaribo]] carrying the first batch of 399<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Jayanta |title=Suriname envoy at Kolkata ghat from where ancestors set sail | In [[Suriname]], Indian Arrival Day is celebrated on June 5, 1873. On this day a ship named ''[[Lalla Rookh (ship)|Lalla Rookh]]'',<ref>{{cite web | last=Murphy | first=Janet | title=Lalla Rookh- Marking the Indian Arrival in Suriname | website=NewsGram | date=30 April 2016 | url=https://www.newsgram.com/lalla-rookh-marking-the-indian-arrival-in-suriname/ | access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref> arrived in [[Paramaribo]] carrying the first batch of 399<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Jayanta |title=Suriname envoy at Kolkata ghat from where ancestors set sail Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61801563.cms|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/suriname-envoy-at-ghat-from-where-ancestors-set-sail/articleshow/61801563.cms |access-date=11 May 2021 |agency=Times of India |date=26 November 2017}}</ref> [[Indian indenture system|Indian Indenture Labours]]. | ||
===Trinidad and Tobago=== | ===Trinidad and Tobago=== | ||
In Trinidad and Tobago Indian Arrival Day is celebrated on May | In [[Trinidad and Tobago]] Indian Arrival Day is celebrated on 30 May. It commemorates the arrival of the first indentured labourers from India in May 1845 on a ship named ''[[Fatel Razack]]'' after a journey of five months, carrying 225 Indians. Trinidad and Tobago was the first country to start this holiday. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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In 1977 IRRA formed committee was established to revive the memory of the coming of Indians to Trinidad on May 30, 1845 – Indian Emigration Day. The initial historic Committee comprised Anand Rameshwar Singh, Khalique Khan, Ramdath Jagessar, Rajiv Sieunarine, Azamudeen "Danny" Jang, Michael Sankar and Rajesh Harricharan. The following year Rajnie Ramlakhan, Anand Maharaj and Ashok Gobin joined in the group's celebration. | In 1977 IRRA formed committee was established to revive the memory of the coming of Indians to Trinidad on May 30, 1845 – Indian Emigration Day. The initial historic Committee comprised Anand Rameshwar Singh, Khalique Khan, Ramdath Jagessar, Rajiv Sieunarine, Azamudeen "Danny" Jang, Michael Sankar and Rajesh Harricharan. The following year Rajnie Ramlakhan, Anand Maharaj and Ashok Gobin joined in the group's celebration. | ||
The first active step was taken in early 1978, when they produced and distributed a one-page pamphlet with the title | The first active step was taken in early 1978, when they produced and distributed a one-page pamphlet with the title "Indian Emigration Day May 30, 1978". It gave a brief account of the coming of Indians in 1845, and the importance of the event. The names of the first pioneers on the Fatel Razack were listed, and there was a short description of the achievements of Indians in Trinidad since 1845. The Trinidad Express carried a press release, and the Trinidad Guardian printed an article by Kusha Haracksingh on the voyage of the Fatel Razack. Mastana Bahar dedicated a show to Indian Emigration Day. San Fernando Secondary School organized a celebration. | ||
A major turning point occurred in 1979 when the group expanded by approaching the [[Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha]]. The SDMS Secretary General [[Satnarayan Maharaj]] receptive to the idea, agreed to organize a major celebration at Lakshmi Girls College on May 27, 1979. IRRA and the SDMS in discussions agreed that Indians were no longer emigrants to Trinidad and Tobago, but citizens who had arrived 134 years before. Coming out of this discussion the name was then changed to Indian Arrival Day. | A major turning point occurred in 1979 when the group expanded by approaching the [[Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha]]. The SDMS Secretary General [[Satnarayan Maharaj]] receptive to the idea, agreed to organize a major celebration at Lakshmi Girls College on May 27, 1979. IRRA and the SDMS in discussions agreed that Indians were no longer emigrants to Trinidad and Tobago, but citizens who had arrived 134 years before. Coming out of this discussion the name was then changed to Indian Arrival Day. | ||
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Since its establishment in Trinidad and Tobago, Indian Arrival Day has given rise to similar celebrations in [[Fiji]], [[Grenada]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nomadicgourmet.com/2008/05/indian-arrival-day.html | title=I came, I saw, and I cooked it: Indian Arrival Day | work=The Nomadic Gourmet | date=May 1, 2008 | access-date=November 2, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528094832/http://www.nomadicgourmet.com/2008/05/indian-arrival-day.html | archive-date=May 28, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Guyana]], [[Jamaica]], | Since its establishment in Trinidad and Tobago, Indian Arrival Day has given rise to similar celebrations in [[Fiji]], [[Grenada]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nomadicgourmet.com/2008/05/indian-arrival-day.html | title=I came, I saw, and I cooked it: Indian Arrival Day | work=The Nomadic Gourmet | date=May 1, 2008 | access-date=November 2, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528094832/http://www.nomadicgourmet.com/2008/05/indian-arrival-day.html | archive-date=May 28, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Guyana]], [[Jamaica]], | ||
[[Mauritius]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], [[South Africa]], [[Suriname]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Australia]]. However, there is no similar celebration in [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Réunion]], [[Seychelles]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], or [[Kenya]], which are also home to somewhat large Indian-origin populations. | [[Mauritius]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], [[South Africa]], [[Suriname]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Australia]]. However, there is no similar celebration in [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Réunion]], [[Seychelles]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], or [[Kenya]], which are also home to somewhat large Indian-origin populations.{{fact|date=November 2021}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||