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{{short description|Bengali poet, writer, and editor ( | {{short description|Bengali poet, writer, and editor (1887–1923)}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} | ||
{{ | {{Infobox writer | ||
| image = Sukumar Ray.jpg | |||
| caption = | |||
| image = Sukumar Ray.jpg | | birth_name = সুকুমার রায় | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|10|30|df=yes}} | |||
| caption = | | birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />{{small|(present-day [[Kolkata]], West Bengal)}}<ref>{{Cite ODNB|id=107500|title=Ray, Sukumar}}</ref> | ||
| birth_name = | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1923|09|10|1887|10|30|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|10|30|df=yes}} | | death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] | ||
| birth_place = [[ | | language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1923|09|10|1887|10|30|df=yes}} | | period = [[Bengal Renaissance]] | ||
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] | | occupation = Writer, poet, editor | ||
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] | | subject = | ||
| period = [[Bengal Renaissance]] | |||
| occupation = Writer, poet | |||
| subject = | |||
| notableworks = ''[[Abol Tabol]]'', ''[[Pagla Dashu]]'', ''[[HaJaBaRaLa]]'' | | notableworks = ''[[Abol Tabol]]'', ''[[Pagla Dashu]]'', ''[[HaJaBaRaLa]]'' | ||
| alma_mater = [[Presidency University, Kolkata]]<br />[[London College of Communication]] | | alma_mater = [[Presidency University, Kolkata]]<br />[[London College of Communication]] | ||
| relatives = [[Dwarkanath Ganguly]]<br />[[Kadambini Ganguly]] | | relatives = [[Dwarkanath Ganguly]]<br />[[Kadambini Ganguly]] | ||
| spouse = Suprabha Devi | | spouse = Suprabha Devi | ||
| children = [[Satyajit Ray]] (son) | | children = [[Satyajit Ray]] (son) | ||
| awards = | | awards = | ||
| signature = | | signature = | ||
| parents = [[Upendrakishore Ray]] (father) | | parents = [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]] (father) | ||
[[Bidhumukhi Devi]] (Mother) | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sukumar Ray''' | '''Sukumar Ray''' ({{Audio|Bn-সুকুমার রায়.oga|''Sukumār Rāẏ''}}; 30 October 1887 – 10 September 1923)<ref name="RayChatterjee">{{cite book|author1=Ray|author2=Sukumar (tr. Chatterjee|author3=Sampurna)|title=Wordygurdyboom!|date=September 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohsA1rdovbwC&pg=PA177|access-date=3 October 2012|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-333078-3|pages=177–}}</ref> was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] writer and poet from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. He is remembered mainly for his writings for children. He was the son of children's story writer [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]] and the father of Indian filmmaker [[Satyajit Ray]]. | ||
==Family history== | ==Family history== | ||
According to the history of the Ray family, one of their ancestors, Ramsunder Deo (Deb), was a native of [[Chakdaha|Chakdah]] village in [[Nadia district]] of present-day [[West Bengal]], India. In search of fortune he migrated to Sherpur in East Bengal. There he met Raja Gunichandra, the zamindar of Jashodal, at the zamindar house of Sherpur. King Gunichandra was immediately impressed by Ramsunder's stately appearance and sharp intellect and took Ramsunder with him to his zamindari estate. He made Ramsunder his son-in-law and granted him some property in Jashodal. From then on Ramsunder started living in Jashodal. His descendants migrated from there and settled down in the village of Masua in Katiadi upazila of Kishoreganj district.<ref name = "sukumar1">''Sukumar Samagra Rachanabali 1, 1960, Asia Publishing Company, p 1</ref><ref>''Sukumar Ray: Jibankatha (Bengali Ed.)'', Hemanta Kumar Adhya, Pustak Bipani, Kolkata, 1990, p. 6</ref> | According to the history of the Ray family, one of their ancestors, Ramsunder Deo (Deb), was a native of [[Chakdaha|Chakdah]] village in [[Nadia district]] of present-day [[West Bengal]], India. In search of fortune he migrated to Sherpur in East Bengal. There he met Raja Gunichandra, the zamindar of Jashodal, at the zamindar house of Sherpur. King Gunichandra was immediately impressed by Ramsunder's stately appearance and sharp intellect and took Ramsunder with him to his zamindari estate. He made Ramsunder his son-in-law and granted him some property in Jashodal. From then on Ramsunder started living in Jashodal. His descendants migrated from there and settled down in the village of Masua in Katiadi upazila of Kishoreganj district.<ref name = "sukumar1">''Sukumar Samagra Rachanabali 1'', 1960, Asia Publishing Company, p 1</ref><ref>''Sukumar Ray: Jibankatha (Bengali Ed.)'', Hemanta Kumar Adhya, Pustak Bipani, Kolkata, 1990, p. 6</ref> | ||
==Early years== | ==Early years== | ||
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Born in the era which can be called the pinnacle of the [[Bengal Renaissance]], he grew up in an environment that fostered his literary talents. His father was a writer of stories and popular science; painter and illustrator; musician and composer of songs; a technologist and hobbyist astronomer. Upendrakishore was also a close friend of [[Rabindranath Tagore]], who directly influenced Sukumar. Among other family friends were [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]], [[Prafulla Chandra Roy]], [[Atul Prasad Sen]] etc. Upendrakishore studied the technology of blockmaking, conducted experiments, and set up a business of making blocks. The firm M/s U. Ray & Sons, where Sukumar and his younger brother Subinay were involved. His sister, [[Shukhalata Rao]], became a social worker and children's book author. Like his father, Ray also had a close acquaintance with Rabindranath Tagore.<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book |last=Sarker |first=Sushanta |year=2012 |chapter=Rao, Shukhalata |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rao,_Shukhalata |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> | Born in the era which can be called the pinnacle of the [[Bengal Renaissance]], he grew up in an environment that fostered his literary talents. His father was a writer of stories and popular science; painter and illustrator; musician and composer of songs; a technologist and hobbyist astronomer. Upendrakishore was also a close friend of [[Rabindranath Tagore]], who directly influenced Sukumar. Among other family friends were [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]], [[Prafulla Chandra Roy]], [[Atul Prasad Sen]] etc. Upendrakishore studied the technology of blockmaking, conducted experiments, and set up a business of making blocks. The firm M/s U. Ray & Sons, where Sukumar and his younger brother Subinay were involved. His sister, [[Shukhalata Rao]], became a social worker and children's book author. Like his father, Ray also had a close acquaintance with Rabindranath Tagore.<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book |last=Sarker |first=Sushanta |year=2012 |chapter=Rao, Shukhalata |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rao,_Shukhalata |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> | ||
==Education and | ==Education and profession== | ||
[[File:Atul Prasad Sen a group photo.jpg|thumb|A group photo of Monday Club founded by [[Sukumar Roy]]<br />First row sitting from left: Subinoy Ray, [[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]], [[Atul Prasad Sen]], Shishir Kumar Datta, Sukumar Ray <br /> Middle row from left: [[Bagha Jatin|Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay]], Amal Home, [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji|Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay]], Jibanmoy Roy <br /> Standing from left: Hiran Sanyal, Ajit Kumar Chakrabarty, [[Kalidas Nag]], Pravat Chandra Gangoadhyay, Dr. Dwijendranath Maitra, Satish Chandra Chattopadhyay, Shrish Chandra Sen, Girija Shankar Roy Choudhury]] | [[File:Atul Prasad Sen a group photo.jpg|thumb|A group photo of Monday Club founded by [[Sukumar Roy]]<br />First row sitting from left: Subinoy Ray, [[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]], [[Atul Prasad Sen]], Shishir Kumar Datta, Sukumar Ray <br /> Middle row from left: [[Bagha Jatin|Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay]], Amal Home, [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji|Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay]], Jibanmoy Roy <br /> Standing from left: Hiran Sanyal, Ajit Kumar Chakrabarty, [[Kalidas Nag]], Pravat Chandra Gangoadhyay, Dr. Dwijendranath Maitra, Satish Chandra Chattopadhyay, Shrish Chandra Sen, Girija Shankar Roy Choudhury]] | ||
[[File:Sukumar Ray and his wife.jpg|223x223px|thumb|Sukumar Ray with his wife Suprabha Ray (1914)|alt=|left]]In 1906, Ray graduated with double Honours in Physics and Chemistry from the [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]], then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]]. Before that he attended City College School, Surya Sen Street along with his classmate who inspired his famous funny character "Pagla Dashu", which appeared in several of his penned story. He was trained in photography and printing technology in England at the [[London College of Communication|School of Photo-Engraving and Lithography, London]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/sukumar-ray |title=Sukumar Ray | |publisher=.open.ac.uk |access-date=3 October 2012}}</ref> and was a pioneer of photography and [[lithography]] in India. While in England, he also delivered lectures about the songs of Rabindranath before Tagore won the Nobel Prize. Meanwhile, Sukumar had also drawn acclaim as an illustrator. As a technologist, he also developed new methods of halftone blockmaking, and technical articles about this were published in journals in England. The ''Penrose Annual'' published two articles by Ray. While in the United Kingdom he joined the [[Royal Photographic Society]] in 1912 and remained a member until his death, gaining his Fellowship in 1922.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} | [[File:Sukumar Ray and his wife.jpg|223x223px|thumb|Sukumar Ray with his wife Suprabha Ray (1914)|alt=|left]]In 1906, Ray graduated with double Honours in Physics and Chemistry from the [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]], then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]]. Before that he attended City College School, Surya Sen Street along with his classmate who inspired his famous funny character "Pagla Dashu", which appeared in several of his penned story. He was trained in photography and printing technology in England at the [[London College of Communication|School of Photo-Engraving and Lithography, London]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/sukumar-ray |title=Sukumar Ray | |publisher=.open.ac.uk |access-date=3 October 2012}}</ref> and was a pioneer of photography and [[lithography]] in India. While in England, he also delivered lectures about the songs of Rabindranath before Tagore won the Nobel Prize. Meanwhile, Sukumar had also drawn acclaim as an illustrator. As a technologist, he also developed new methods of halftone blockmaking, and technical articles about this were published in journals in England. The ''Penrose Annual'' published two articles by Ray. While in the United Kingdom he joined the [[Royal Photographic Society]] in 1912 and remained a member until his death, gaining his Fellowship in 1922.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} | ||
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File:Hajabarala3.gif| Udo in ''HaJaBaRaLa'' | File:Hajabarala3.gif| Udo in ''HaJaBaRaLa'' | ||
File:Hajabarala7.gif| The Court Room in ''HaJaBaRaLa'' | File:Hajabarala7.gif| The Court Room in ''HaJaBaRaLa'' | ||
File:Hajabarala2.gif| Shri Kakeswar Kuchkuche in ''HaJaBaRaLa' | File:Hajabarala2.gif| Shri Kakeswar Kuchkuche in ''HaJaBaRaLa'' | ||
File:Hajabarala1.gif| The CAT in ''HaJaBaRaLa' | File:Hajabarala1.gif| The CAT in ''HaJaBaRaLa'' | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Sukumar Ray delved into a unique genre of pure nonsense and gibberish, a pioneering work in Bengali literature with a few exceptions, work that was compared to Lewis Carrol's Alice in Wonderland. Amazing sense of humor, sharp power of observation and unfathomed wit merged with a profound command on selection of words produced a class of humor which was equally approachable by children as well as the grown ups. Satyajit Ray, in the preface of the first edition of the compilation of Sukumar Ray's complete works in his centenary year, ''Sukumar Sahitya Samagra'', wrote: {{quote|"উপেন্দ্রকিশোরের সম্পাদনাকালে সন্দেশে প্রকাশিত সুকুমারের কয়েকটি রচনায় তাঁর সাহিত্যিক বৈশিষ্ট্যের স্পষ্ট ইঙ্গিত পাওয়া যায়। ১৯১৪ সালে বেরোল আবোল তাবোল শ্রেনীর প্রথম কবিতা "খিচুড়ি"। এই প্রথম সুকুমার সাহিত্যে উদ্ভট প্রানীর আবির্ভাব। এখানে প্রানীর সৃষ্টি হয়েছে ভাষার কারসাজিতে - | Sukumar Ray delved into a unique genre of pure nonsense and gibberish, a pioneering work in Bengali literature with a few exceptions, work that was compared to Lewis Carrol's Alice in Wonderland. Amazing sense of humor, sharp power of observation and unfathomed wit merged with a profound command on selection of words produced a class of humor which was equally approachable by children as well as the grown ups. Satyajit Ray, in the preface of the first edition of the compilation of Sukumar Ray's complete works in his centenary year, ''Sukumar Sahitya Samagra'', wrote: {{quote|"উপেন্দ্রকিশোরের সম্পাদনাকালে সন্দেশে প্রকাশিত সুকুমারের কয়েকটি রচনায় তাঁর সাহিত্যিক বৈশিষ্ট্যের স্পষ্ট ইঙ্গিত পাওয়া যায়। ১৯১৪ সালে বেরোল আবোল তাবোল শ্রেনীর প্রথম কবিতা "খিচুড়ি"। এই প্রথম সুকুমার সাহিত্যে উদ্ভট প্রানীর আবির্ভাব। এখানে প্রানীর সৃষ্টি হয়েছে ভাষার কারসাজিতে - | ||
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==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Sukumar Ray died on 10 September 1923 at his Garpar residence in Kolkata<ref>{{cite web|title=LIfe of Sukumar Ray|url=http://aboltabol.freehostia.com/sukumar.htm#event|publisher=Freehostia}}</ref> of severe infectious fever, [[leishmaniasis]], for which there was no cure at that time. He left behind his widow and their only child, Satyajit, who was only two years old at that time. [[Satyajit Ray]] would later shoot a [[Sukumar Ray (film)|documentary on Sukumar Ray]] in 1987, 5 years before his own death. | Sukumar Ray died on 10 September 1923 at his Garpar residence in Kolkata<ref>{{cite web|title=LIfe of Sukumar Ray|url=http://aboltabol.freehostia.com/sukumar.htm#event|publisher=Freehostia}}</ref> of severe infectious fever, [[leishmaniasis]], for which there was no cure at that time. He left behind his widow and their only child, Satyajit, who was only two years old at that time. [[Satyajit Ray]] would later shoot a [[Sukumar Ray (film)|documentary on Sukumar Ray]] in 1987, 5 years before his own death. | ||
[[File:Adobe Scan 02-Jul-2022 3.jpg|thumb|First Signet Edition of HA JA BA RA LA by Satyajit Ray]] | |||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* ''[[Abol Tabol]]'' (The Weird and the Absurd) | * ''[[Abol Tabol]]'' (The Weird and the Absurd) | ||
[[File:Adobe Scan 27-Jun-2022 1.jpg|thumb|Cober of Abol Tabol]] | |||
* ''[[Pagla Dashu]]'' (Crazy Dashu)<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA694|access-date=3 October 2012|year=1987|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|pages=694–}}</ref> | * ''[[Pagla Dashu]]'' (Crazy Dashu)<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA694|access-date=3 October 2012|year=1987|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|pages=694–}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Adobe Scan 23-Jun-2022 (1) 5.jpg|thumb|Pagla Dashu]] | |||
* ''Khai-Khai'' (Eat-Eat) | * ''Khai-Khai'' (Eat-Eat) | ||
* ''Heshoram Hushiyarer Diary'' (The diary of Heshoram Hushiyar) (early science fiction parody)<ref>[http://www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2006/05/early-bengali-science-fiction.html Early Bengali science fiction], Amardeep Singh, lehigh.edu</ref> | * ''Heshoram Hushiyarer Diary'' (The diary of Heshoram Hushiyar) (early science fiction parody)<ref>[http://www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2006/05/early-bengali-science-fiction.html Early Bengali science fiction], ''''Amardeep Singh,'''' lehigh.edu</ref> | ||
* ''[[HaJaBaRaLa]]'' (Mumbo-Jumbo) | * ''[[HaJaBaRaLa]]'' (Mumbo-Jumbo) | ||
[[File:Adobe Scan 30-Jun-2022 1.jpg|thumb|Ha ja ba ra la]] | |||
* ''Jhalapala O Onanyo Natok'' (Cacophony and Other Plays) | * ''Jhalapala O Onanyo Natok'' (Cacophony and Other Plays) | ||
* ''Lakkhaner Shoktishel'' (The Weapon of Lakkhan) | * ''Lakkhaner Shoktishel'' (The Weapon of Lakkhan) | ||
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* ''Abak Jalpan'' (Weird Drinking of Water 1914) | * ''Abak Jalpan'' (Weird Drinking of Water 1914) | ||
* ''Bhasar Atyachar'' (Torture of Language 1915) | * ''Bhasar Atyachar'' (Torture of Language 1915) | ||
*''Barnamalatatva'' | |||
[[File:Adobe Scan 02-Jul-2022 2.jpg|thumb|Barnamalatatva]] | |||
* ''Desh-Bidesher Golpo'' (Tales from Many Lands) | * ''Desh-Bidesher Golpo'' (Tales from Many Lands) | ||
* [https://www.storytimes.co.in/2020/10/bidye%20bojhai%20babumoshai.html jiboner hisab] (Bidye bojhai babumoshai) | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[List of Indian writers]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{Ray family}} | {{Ray family}} | ||
{{Dwarkanath Ganguly family}} | {{Dwarkanath Ganguly family}} | ||
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Poetry}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||