6
edits
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
ImportMaster (talk | contribs) (robot: import pages using Special:Import) |
(robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
}} | }} | ||
<!-- Please do not change the following text without first discussing it on the talk page. --> | <!-- Please do not change the following text without first discussing it on the talk page. --> | ||
'''Macedonia''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Macedonia.ogg|ˌ|m|æ|s|ᵻ|ˈ|d|oʊ|n|i|ə}}; {{lang-grc-gre|Μακεδονία}}), also called '''Macedon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|s|ᵻ|d|ɒ|n}}), was an [[Classical antiquity|ancient]] [[monarchy|kingdom]] on the periphery of [[Archaic Greece|Archaic]] and [[Classical Greece]],<ref>{{harvnb|Hornblower|2008|pp=55–58}}.</ref> and later the dominant state of [[Hellenistic Greece]].<ref>{{harvnb|Austin|2006|pp=1–4}}.</ref> The [[History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|kingdom was founded]] and initially ruled by the royal [[Argead dynasty]], which was followed by the [[Antipatrid dynasty|Antipatrid]] and [[Antigonid dynasty|Antigonid]] dynasties. Home to the [[ancient Macedonians]], the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the [[Greek peninsula]],<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|url= | '''Macedonia''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Macedonia.ogg|ˌ|m|æ|s|ᵻ|ˈ|d|oʊ|n|i|ə}}; {{lang-grc-gre|Μακεδονία}}), also called '''Macedon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|s|ᵻ|d|ɒ|n}}), was an [[Classical antiquity|ancient]] [[monarchy|kingdom]] on the periphery of [[Archaic Greece|Archaic]] and [[Classical Greece]],<ref>{{harvnb|Hornblower|2008|pp=55–58}}.</ref> and later the dominant state of [[Hellenistic Greece]].<ref>{{harvnb|Austin|2006|pp=1–4}}.</ref> The [[History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|kingdom was founded]] and initially ruled by the royal [[Argead dynasty]], which was followed by the [[Antipatrid dynasty|Antipatrid]] and [[Antigonid dynasty|Antigonid]] dynasties. Home to the [[ancient Macedonians]], the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the [[Greek peninsula]],<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia|title=Macedonia|date=23 October 2015|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|access-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208092317/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia|archive-date=8 December 2008}}.</ref> and bordered by [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] to the west, [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]] to the north, [[Thrace]] to the east and [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessaly]] to the south. | ||
Before the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great [[city-states]] of [[Athens]], [[Sparta]] and [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], and [[Achaemenid Macedonia|briefly subordinate]] to [[Achaemenid Persia]].<ref name="sprawski 135–138 olbrycht 342–345"/> During the reign of the Argead king [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip{{nbsp}}II]] (359–336 BC), Macedonia [[Rise of Macedon|subdued]] [[mainland Greece]] and the [[Thracians|Thracian]] [[Odrysian kingdom]] through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed [[Ancient Macedonian army|army]] containing [[Macedonian phalanx|phalanxes]] wielding the ''[[sarissa]]'' pike, Philip{{nbsp}}II defeated the old powers of [[Second Athenian League|Athens]] and [[Theban hegemony|Thebes]] in the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] in 338{{nbsp}}BC. Philip{{nbsp}}II's son [[Alexander the Great]], leading a [[League of Corinth|federation of Greek states]], accomplished his father's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he [[Battle of Thebes|destroyed Thebes]] after the city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent [[Chronology of the expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia|campaign of conquest]], he [[Wars of Alexander the Great|overthrew]] the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and conquered territory that stretched as far as the [[Indus River]]. For a brief period, his '''Macedonian Empire''' was the most powerful in the world – the definitive [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of [[Culture of ancient Greece|Ancient Greek civilization]]. [[Hellenistic art|Greek arts]] and [[Hellenistic literature|literature]] flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in [[Ancient Greek philosophy|philosophy]], [[Ancient Greek engineering|engineering]], and [[Ancient Greek science|science]] spread throughout much of the ancient world. Of particular importance were the contributions of [[Aristotle]], tutor to Alexander, [[Aristotelianism|whose writings]] became a keystone of [[Western philosophy]]. | Before the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great [[city-states]] of [[Athens]], [[Sparta]] and [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], and [[Achaemenid Macedonia|briefly subordinate]] to [[Achaemenid Persia]].<ref name="sprawski 135–138 olbrycht 342–345"/> During the reign of the Argead king [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip{{nbsp}}II]] (359–336 BC), Macedonia [[Rise of Macedon|subdued]] [[mainland Greece]] and the [[Thracians|Thracian]] [[Odrysian kingdom]] through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed [[Ancient Macedonian army|army]] containing [[Macedonian phalanx|phalanxes]] wielding the ''[[sarissa]]'' pike, Philip{{nbsp}}II defeated the old powers of [[Second Athenian League|Athens]] and [[Theban hegemony|Thebes]] in the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] in 338{{nbsp}}BC. Philip{{nbsp}}II's son [[Alexander the Great]], leading a [[League of Corinth|federation of Greek states]], accomplished his father's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he [[Battle of Thebes|destroyed Thebes]] after the city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent [[Chronology of the expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia|campaign of conquest]], he [[Wars of Alexander the Great|overthrew]] the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and conquered territory that stretched as far as the [[Indus River]]. For a brief period, his '''Macedonian Empire''' was the most powerful in the world – the definitive [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of [[Culture of ancient Greece|Ancient Greek civilization]]. [[Hellenistic art|Greek arts]] and [[Hellenistic literature|literature]] flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in [[Ancient Greek philosophy|philosophy]], [[Ancient Greek engineering|engineering]], and [[Ancient Greek science|science]] spread throughout much of the ancient world. Of particular importance were the contributions of [[Aristotle]], tutor to Alexander, [[Aristotelianism|whose writings]] became a keystone of [[Western philosophy]]. | ||
| Line 542: | Line 542: | ||
'''Online''' | '''Online''' | ||
{{refbegin|35em}} | {{refbegin|35em}} | ||
* {{cite encyclopedia|url= | * {{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia|title=Macedonia: Ancient Kingdom, Europe|date=23 October 2015|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|access-date=5 February 2017}} | ||
* Hamp, Eric; Adams, Douglas (2013). "[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp239_indo_european_languages.pdf The Expansion of the Indo-European Languages]", ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', vol 239. Accessed 16 January 2017. | * Hamp, Eric; Adams, Douglas (2013). "[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp239_indo_european_languages.pdf The Expansion of the Indo-European Languages]", ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', vol 239. Accessed 16 January 2017. | ||
* Joseph, Brian D. (2001). "[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm "GREEK, ancient]." [[Ohio State University]], Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures. Accessed 16 January 2017. | * Joseph, Brian D. (2001). "[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm "GREEK, ancient]." [[Ohio State University]], Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures. Accessed 16 January 2017. | ||