BSE SENSEX: Difference between revisions

| image        = S&P BSE SENSEX chart.svg

| caption      = Performance of the BSE SENSEX index between 1991 and 2013

| foundation  =  {{start date|1986|01|01}}

| mcap        = {{INRConvert|22000000|c}} <small>(May 2021)</small>

| weighting    = [[Capitalization-weighted index|Free-float Market Capitalization]]

| homepage    = {{URL|1=https://www.bseindia.com/sensex/code/16/|2=oficial website}}

 

The '''BSE SENSEX''' (also known as the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange '''Sens'''itive Ind'''ex''' or simply the '''SENSEX''') is a [[Capitalization-weighted index|free-float market-weighted]] [[stock market index]] of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]. The 30 constituent companies which are some of the largest and most actively traded stocks, are representative of various [[industrial sector]]s of the Indian economy. Published since 1 January 1986, the S&P BSE SENSEX is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India. The base value of the SENSEX was taken as ''100'' on 1 April 1979 and its base year as ''1978–79''. On 25 July 2001 BSE launched '''DOLLEX-30''', a dollar-linked version of the SENSEX.

 

The normal trading time for equity market is between 9:15 am to 03:30 pm, Monday to Friday.

The term '''Sensex''' was coined by [[Deepak Mohoni]], a stock market analyst in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-08-08/news/28395441_1_returns-dates-investors|title=Will Nelson's magic work again for Sensex on Friday?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/LM4ixIhqgYmEoFEEE0kwON/He-coined-the-term-Sensex-and-he-now-wants-a-trademark-for-i.html|title=He coined the term Sensex and he now wants a trademark for it|first=Nesil|last=Staney|date=29 May 2008|website=Livemint}}</ref> BSE Sensitive Index then was at about 750 points. it is a [[portmanteau]] of the words '''Sens'''itive and Ind'''ex'''.

As per free float capitalisation methodology, the level of index at any point of time reflects the free float market value of 30 constituent stocks relative to a base period. The market capitalisation of a company is determined by multiplying the price of its stock by the number of shares issued by corporate actions, replacement of scrips. The index has increased by over twenty five times from June 1990 to the present. Using information from April 1979 onwards, the long-run rate of return on the S&P BSE SENSEX works out to be 18.6% per annum.

==Record values==

! colspan="5"|All-Time Highs<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-21|title=Indian stock exchange|url=https://www.bseindia.com/sensex/code/16/21/01/2021}}</ref>

| Closing || 52925 || Friday, 25 June 2021 <p>

| Intraday || 52154 || Monday, 15 February 2021

*'''2000, 15 January 1992''' – On 15 January 1992, the SENSEX crossed the 2,000 mark and closed at 2,020 followed by the liberal economic policy initiatives undertaken, under the leadership of the then prime minister PV Narasimha Rao, by the then finance minister and Former Prime Minister of India Dr [[Manmohan Singh]].

*'''3000, 29 February 1992''' – On 29 February 1992, the SENSEX surged past the 3,000 mark in the wake of the market-friendly Budget announced by Manmohan Singh.

*'''5000, 11 October 1999''' – On 11 October 1999, the SENSEX crossed the 5,000 mark, as the Bharatiya Janata Party-led coalition won the majority in the 13th Lok Sabha election.<ref name="bemoneyaware">{{cite web|url=http://www.bemoneyaware.com/blog/ups-and-downs-of-sensex/ |title=Ups and Downs of Sensex |publisher=bemoneyaware.com |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>

*'''6000, 11 February 2000''' – On 11 February 2000, the information technology boom helped the SENSEX to cross the 6,000 mark and hit an all-time high of 6,006 points. This record would stand for nearly four years, until 2 January 2004, when the SENSEX closed at 6,026.59 points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/242589 |title=Funds Hope to Ride on the Boom |publisher=ArabNews |access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref>

*'''9000, 9 December 2005''' – The SENSEX on 28 November 2005 crossed 9,000 and touched a peak of 9,000.32 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange on the back of frantic buying spree by foreign institutional investors and well supported by local operators as well as retail investors. However, it was on 9 December 2005 that the SENSEX first closed at over 9,000 points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/1001463/report-sensex-at-9k-bulls-on-cloud-9 |title=Sensex at 9k, bulls on Cloud 9 - Money |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref>

*'''21,000, 5 November 2010''' – The SENSEX on 8 January 2008 crossed the 21,000 mark for the first time, reaching an intra-day peak of 21,078 points, before closing at 20,873.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/money/2008/jan/08sensex.htm |title=Sensex hits 21,000; ends up 61 points |publisher=Rediff.com |date=8 January 2008 |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> However, it was not until 5 November 2010 that the SENSEX closed at 21,004.96, for its first close above 21,000 points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/1462708/report-sensex-rise-above-21000-level-after-34-months-in-muhurat-trade |title=Sensex closes above 21,000 level in Diwali Muhurat trade - Money |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref> This record would stand for nearly three years, until 30 October 2013, when the SENSEX closed at 21,033.97 points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/market-report-sensex-trades-flat-during-pre-noon-trade-1911105 |title=Sensex ends at record high of 21,033.97, up 105 points |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=2013-10-30 |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref>

*'''22,000, 24 March 2014''' – The SENSEX on 10 March 2014 crossed the 22,000 mark for the first time during intra-day trading. However, it was on 24 March 2014 that the index finally closed above the milestone<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/sensex-rises-300-points-to-close-over-22000-level-for-first-time/article5824888.ece |title=Stable govt hope pushes Sensex to life-time high |work=Business Line |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref> at 22,095.30.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/sensex-nifty-attain-record-closing-high-114032600805_1.html |title=Sensex, Nifty attain record closing high |work=Business Standard |date=2014-03-26 |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref>

*'''12 May 2014''' - The SENSEX closed at its record all-time high of 23,551, a rise of 2.42%(+556.77 points) intraday due to continued fund inflows on hopes of a stable government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/sensex-at-new-record-high-nifty-breaches-7000-mark/article6001312.ece |title=Sensex at new record high, Nifty breaches 7,000 mark |work=The Hindu|date=2014-05-12 |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref>

*'''24,000, 13 May 2014''' - The SENSEX crossed record 24,000 level for the first time, on 13 May 2014 and reached its peak of 24,067.11 due to sustained capital inflows by foreign funds at the domestic bourses and widespread buying by retail investors after exit polls showing the BJP-led NDA forming the government lifted the key indices to new highs. However it closed at a little low at 23,905 points<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/sensex-hits-new-record-high-of-23922/article6003839.ece?homepage=true |title=Sensex hits new record high of 23,922 |work=The Hindu|date=2014-05-13 |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref>

*'''29,000, 23 January 2015''' - BSE Sensex today set a new high of 29,408 points and all-time closing high of 29,278.84, up 272.82 points<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/business/india/sensex-hits-fresh-peak-of-29278-nifty-hits-8835-16978.html |title=Sensex hits fresh peak of 29,278, Nifty hits 8,835 |publisher=Indiatvnews.com |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref>

*''' 26 April 2017 ''' - The SENSEX closed at 30,133.35, for its first close above the 30,000 level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/riding-on-tuesday-s-highs-sensex-expected-to-cross-30-000-mark-today/story-tzBRUFuCciZQnzXC|title=Sensex makes history, closes at over 30,000; Nifty reaches all-time high|work=Hindustan Times|date=2017-04-27|access-date=2017-05-25}}</ref>

*'''42,000, 16 January 2020''' - The SENSEX crossed 42,000 mark with an all-time high of 42,059.45 at around 09:47 AM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/markets/stocks/news/market-at-record-high-sensex-tops-42000-for-first-time-nifty-nears-12400/articleshow/73288938.cms|title=Market at record high: Sensex tops 42,000 for first time; Nifty nears 12,400|date=2020-01-16|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

On 22 May 2006, the SENSEX plunged by 1,100 points during intra-day trading, leading to the suspension of trading for the first time since 17 May 2004. The volatility of the SENSEX had caused investors to lose Rs 6 trillion (US$131 billion) within seven trading sessions. The then Finance Minister of India, [[P. Chidambaram]], made an unscheduled press statement when trading was suspended to assure investors that nothing was wrong with the fundamentals of the economy, and advised retail investors to stay invested. When trading resumed after the reassurances of the [[Reserve Bank of India]] and the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI), the SENSEX managed to move up 700 points, but still finished the session 457 points in the red.<ref name="rediff06">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/may/18spec.htm |title=The 10 Biggest Falls in Sensex History as of 2006 |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>

===July–September 2007: Effects of the subprime crisis in the U.S.===

On 23 July 2007, the SENSEX touched a new high of 15,733 points. On 27 July 2007 the SENSEX witnessed a huge decline because of selling by [[Foreign Institutional Investor]]s and global cues to come back to 15,160 points by noon. Following global cues and heavy selling in the international markets, the BSE SENSEX fell by 615 points in a single day on 1 August 2007.<ref name="rediffOct08">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2008/oct/24bcrisis10.htm |title=The 10 Biggest Falls in Sensex History as of October 2008 |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>

*'''17,000, 26 September 2007'''- On 26 September 2007, the SENSEX crossed the 17,000 mark for the first time, creating a record for the second fastest 1000 point gain in just 5 trading sessions. It failed however to sustain the momentum and closed below 17,000. The SENSEX closed above 17,000 for the first time on the following day. Reliance group has been the main contributor in this bull run, contributing 256 points. This also helped Mukesh Ambani's net worth to grow to over $50 billion or Rs. 2 trillion. It was also during this record bull run that the SENSEX for the first time zoomed ahead of the '''Nikkei''' of Japan.

In the third week of January 2008, the SENSEX experienced huge falls along with other markets around the world. On 21 January 2008, the SENSEX saw its highest ever loss of 1,408 points at the end of the session. The SENSEX recovered to close at 17,605.40 after it tumbled to the day's low of 16,963.96, on high volatility as investors panicked following weak global cues amid fears of a recession in the US.

The free fall of the SENSEX accelerated in March 2008. The month started out with the Sensex losing 900.84 points on 3 March 2008, on concerns emanating from growing credit losses in the US. This would be the first of four one-day falls of greater than 700 points during the month. On 13 March 2008, the SENSEX plummeted another 770.63 points on global economic jitters.<ref name="bemoneyaware"/>

The index plummeted by over 1,624.51 points on 24 August 2015, the then worst one-day point plunge in the index's history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/markets-india-stocks-idINKCN0QT0AW20150824 | title=Sensex slips nearly 6 pct; posts biggest fall in 6-1/2 years | agency=Reuters India | date=24 August 2015 | access-date=24 August 2015}}</ref>

On 9 March 2020, Sensex tumbled down by 1941.67 points amid the fears of [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]] and [[Yes Bank]] crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/bse-sensex-nifty-coronavirus-impact-news-sensex-sharp-losses-in-sensex-nifty-amid-global-selloff-2192074|title=Sensex Sinks 2,300 Points As Markets Suffer Biggest Crash in at Least 10 Years: 10 Points|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> This was the second worst single-day fall in the history, where the investors lost ₹ 6.50 lakh crores.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

 

While on 12 March 2020, the index plunged down by 2919.26 points, the second–worst fall in the history, ending in red to a 33-month low at 32,778.14. The fall wiped off  ₹ 11.2 lakh crores wealth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/bloodbath-on-dalal-street-as-sensex-posts-biggest-one-day-fall-11584005413161.html|title=Bloodbath on Dalal Street as Sensex posts biggest one-day fall|date=2020-03-12|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>

Continuing the losing streak, wealth worth ₹14.22 lakh crore was erased on 23 March 2020 as BSE SENSEX lost 3,934.72 points to end at 25,981.24.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/sensex-tumbles-nearly-4-000-points-investors-become-poorer-by-rs-14-22-tn-11584970696264.html|title=Sensex tumbles nearly 4,000 points, investors become poorer by ₹14.22 tn|date=2020-03-23|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref>

|Due to the US [[Subprime mortgage crisis]].

|

|Due to depreciation of the Indian Rupee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News, Current News Headlines|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sensex-crashes-769-points-nifty-234-points-down/414676-7.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820234129/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sensex-crashes-769-points-nifty-234-points-down/414676-7.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-08-20|access-date=2017-12-21|website=News18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sensex, Nifty reel as Brexit spooks world markets|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/sensex-nifty-reel-as-brexit-spooks-world-markets/article8768282.ece|access-date=2019-07-09|website=Business Line|language=en-US}}</ref>

| 1624.51<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sensex crashes 1,624 points: The biggest ever market fall explained in seven graphics|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/sensex-crashes-1624-points-the-biggest-ever-market-fall-explained-in-seven-graphics-2405610.html|access-date=2020-02-28|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

|Driven by the [[2015–16 Chinese stock market turbulence|meltdown in the Chinese Stock market]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global mayhem: Sensex crashes 1624 pts; Nifty breaches 7900|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/global-mayhem-sensex-crashes-1624-pts-nifty-breaches-7900-1487773.html|access-date=2017-12-21|website=Moneycontrol|language=en-US}}</ref>

|Driven by Union budget.<ref>{{Cite news|author=S. I. Reporter|date=2018-02-02|title=Sensex tanks 2.5%, down 839 pts, Nifty ends below 10,800 on Budget woes|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/markets-live-sensex-nifty-asian-shares-budget-2018-union-budget-2018-118020200157_1.html|access-date=2020-06-10}}</ref>

|Panic Fall, due to Oil price Increase and rupee fall against US Dollar.<ref name="Mudgill">{{Cite news|last=Mudgill|first=Amit|date=2018-10-04|title=Sensex cracks 4,000 pts in 24 days! History still favours bears|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/sensex-cracks-3600-pts-in-24-days-history-still-favours-bears/articleshow/66066262.cms|access-date=2020-06-10}}</ref>

|Panic Fall, due to Oil price Increase and rupee fall against US Dollar.<ref name="Mudgill"/>

|Driven by Union Budget and global equity sell off.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stock markets tank, Sensex down over 600 points and Nifty down 200 amid global equity selloff|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/stock-markets-tank-sensex-down-over-600-points-and-nifty-down-200-amid-global-equity-selloff|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Due to concerns about slowing Indian Economy.<ref name="zeenews.india.com"/>

|Driven by Union Budget 2020–21.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Budget 2020: Sensex nosedives 900 pts, gives up 40k level|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/budget-2020-sensex-nosedives-900-pts-gives-up-40k-level|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Driven by Coronavirus outbreak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloodbath on Dalal Street erodes nearly Rs 5 lakh cr investor wealth|url=https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/economy/bloodbath-on-dalal-street-erodes-nearly-rs-5-lakh-cr-investor-wealth|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|893.99<ref>{{Cite web|title=LIVE News Updates: Sensex down by 893.99 points, currently at 37,576.62. Nifty at 10,989.45|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/latest-news-todays-breaking-news-live-updates-06th-march-2020|access-date=2020-03-06|website=National Herald|language=en}}</ref>

|Due to global sell-off driven by Coronavirus concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sensex tanks 894 pts on global sell-off; Yes Bank plummets over 55 pc|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/sensex-tanks-894-pts-on-global-sell-off-yes-bank-plummets-over-55-pc|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Due to coronavirus concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nearly Rs 5 lakh cr investor wealth wiped off in early trade as markets plunge|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/nearly-rs-5-lakh-cr-investor-wealth-wiped-off-in-early-trade-as-markets-plunge|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Due to Coronavirus concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Market mayhem wipes off over Rs 8 lakh crore investor wealth|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/market-mayhem-wipes-off-over-rs-8-lakh-crore-investor-wealth|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Due to Coronavirus Concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sensex tanks over 2,000 pts in global equity carnage; Nifty gives up 9,400|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/sensex-tanks-over-2000-pts-in-global-equity-carnage-nifty-gives-up-9400|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Due to Coronavirus concerns and fears of recession.<ref>{{Cite web|title=No respite: Sensex collapses in fag-end selloff, Nifty ends below 9,000|url=https://www.republicworld.com/business-news/india-business/no-respite-sensex-collapses-in-fag-end-selloff-nifty-ends-below-9000|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Republic World}}</ref>

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-19|title=Sensex tanks over 1,700 points, Nifty at 37-month low; all sectors in red|url=https://zeenews.india.com/markets/sensex-drops-1000-points-nifty-at-8000-mark-at-pre-open-session-2270318.html|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref>

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic and nationwide lockdown.

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|885.72<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stock Market Latest Updates: Sensex plummets 886 points, Nifty below 9,150-mark; Tech Mahindra, Infosys among top losers|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/stock-market-today-live-updates-share-market-latest-news-bse-sensex-nifty-coronavirus-lockdown-relaxed-stimulus-measures-nirmala-sitharaman-8365731.html|access-date=2020-05-14|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|Due to Coronavirus Pandemic.

|708.69 <ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-05|title=Sensex tumbles amid record jump in Covid cases: Key factors hurting Dalal Street|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/sensex-tumbles-as-record-jump-in-covid-cases-spook-dalal-street-key-factors-at-play/articleshow/81906868.cms|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

|Due to second wave of corona virus.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

|1708 <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=It’s raining memes online as Sensex crashes over 1,700 pts and investors lose more than Rs 8 lakh cr|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/bse-sensex-nse-nifty-50-indian-stock-share-market-crash-memes-7270430/|access-date=13 April 2021|website=[[Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref>

|Due to second wave of corona virus and lockdown threats.

|Continuous buying by [[Foreign institutional investors]] (FIIs).