6
edits
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
imported>GreenC bot (Reformat 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5) |
(robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | ||
'''Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir''' includes confidence-building measures at a [[nation-state]] level between the governments of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], [[track two diplomacy]], as well as initiatives by [[non-governmental organisation]]s (NGOs), institutes and individuals.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR281.pdf|title=Tourism and Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir|last1=Chari|first1=P. R.|last2=Chandran|first2=D. Suba|date=July 2011|website=United States Institute for Peace|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921171421/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR281.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2018|access-date=30 December 2018|last3=Akhtar|first3=Shaheen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/362706|title=Track-2 diplomacy on Kashmir under way|date=24 June 2004|website=DAWN|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181230190717/https://www.dawn.com/news/362706|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> The purpose of [[peacebuilding]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] include conflict prevention and reduction of hostilities in the [[Kashmir Valley]]. Many countries such as Russia, United States and China have also played a | |||
'''Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir''' includes confidence-building measures at a [[nation-state]] level between the governments of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], [[track two diplomacy]], as well as initiatives by [[non-governmental organisation]]s (NGOs), institutes and individuals.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR281.pdf|title=Tourism and Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir|last1=Chari|first1=P. R.|last2=Chandran|first2=D. Suba|date=July 2011|website=United States Institute for Peace|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921171421/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR281.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2018|access-date=30 December 2018|last3=Akhtar|first3=Shaheen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/362706|title=Track-2 diplomacy on Kashmir under way|date=24 June 2004|website=DAWN|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181230190717/https://www.dawn.com/news/362706|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> The purpose of [[peacebuilding]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] include conflict prevention and reduction of hostilities in the [[Kashmir Valley]]. Many countries such as Russia, United States and China have also played a de-escalatory role with regard to tensions in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parthasarathy|first=G.|date=19 September 2019|title=India, too, has an all-weather friend|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/g-parthasarathy/india-too-has-an-all-weather-friend/article29452072.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-29|website=The Hindu Business Line|quote=Lavrov, in response, "emphasised the need for de-escalation of tensions".}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Chang|first=I-wei Jennifer|date=9 February 2017|title=China's Kashmir Policies and Crisis Management in South Asia|url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/02/chinas-kashmir-policies-and-crisis-management-south-asia|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-02|website=United States Institute of Peace|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/us-senators-urge-india-and-pakistan-to-de-escalate-tensions-on-jammu-kashmir-issue-1568429792404.html|title=US senators urge India and Pakistan to 'de-escalate tensions' on J&K issue|last=PTI|date=14 September 2019|website=Livemint|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref> | |||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
In 27 years, between 1990 and 2017, [[insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] has claimed a total of 41,000 lives (14,000 civilians, 5,000 security personnel and 22,000 militants) according to government figures made available in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-anatomy-of-kashmir-militancy-in-numbers/story-UncrzPTGhN22Uf1HHe64JJ.html|title=41,000 deaths in 27 years: The anatomy of Kashmir militancy in numbers|last1=Jacob|first1=Jayanth|last2=Naqshbandi|first2=Aurangzeb|date=25 September 2017|website=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504154945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-anatomy-of-kashmir-militancy-in-numbers/story-UncrzPTGhN22Uf1HHe64JJ.html|archive-date=4 May 2018|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> India and Pakistan have also fought three [[Kashmir conflict|wars in Kashmir]] during [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|1947–1948]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965]] and the [[Kargil War]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm|title=Indo-Pakistan War of 1965|website=Global Security|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233204/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm|archive-date=30 December 2018|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/all-you-need-to-know-about-kargil-war/kargil-vijay-diwas/slideshow/59772216.cms|title=Kargil War: All you need to know about Kargil War|date=26 July 2018|website=The Economic Times|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html| | In 27 years, between 1990 and 2017, [[insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] has claimed a total of 41,000 lives (14,000 civilians, 5,000 security personnel and 22,000 militants) according to government figures made available in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-anatomy-of-kashmir-militancy-in-numbers/story-UncrzPTGhN22Uf1HHe64JJ.html|title=41,000 deaths in 27 years: The anatomy of Kashmir militancy in numbers|last1=Jacob|first1=Jayanth|last2=Naqshbandi|first2=Aurangzeb|date=25 September 2017|website=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504154945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-anatomy-of-kashmir-militancy-in-numbers/story-UncrzPTGhN22Uf1HHe64JJ.html|archive-date=4 May 2018|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> India and Pakistan have also fought three [[Kashmir conflict|wars in Kashmir]] during [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|1947–1948]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965]] and the [[Kargil War]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm|title=Indo-Pakistan War of 1965|website=Global Security|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233204/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm|archive-date=30 December 2018|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/all-you-need-to-know-about-kargil-war/kargil-vijay-diwas/slideshow/59772216.cms|title=Kargil War: All you need to know about Kargil War|date=26 July 2018|website=The Economic Times|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 September 2001|title=A brief history of the Kashmir conflict|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html|url-access=registration|access-date=30 December 2018|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> | ||
== List of initiatives == | == List of initiatives == | ||
== Initiatives by Indian government == | |||
appointment of interlocuters and various committees | |||
The appointment of interlocutors as a tactic for coping with the Kashmir issue traces its origins back to the 1960s, when Prime minister Nehru appointed All Bahadur Shastri to manage tensions following the chaotic events of 1963. Since then, a number of such initiatives have been launched , including a three-member team of interlocutors the central government appointed in response to the 2010 unrest. | |||
K C PANT, 2001 | |||
In May 2001, the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government announced the appointment of KC Pant, former Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, as its interlocutor on Kashmir, with the brief of talking to various groups in the valley and recommending ways to ease tensions between the Centre and the state. | |||
=== Pakistani initiatives === | |||
{{Expand section|date=December 2021}} | |||
=== Indian central and state government initiatives === | === Indian central and state government initiatives === | ||
* The [[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) government's | * The [[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) government's 'healing touch' policy between 2002 and 2005 included freeing jailed militants, reducing operations by the security forces, increasing free movement of people by reducing police checks, all part of initiatives aimed at pushing forward a more "humane approach" by the administration, especially the security forces.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Behera|first=Navnita Chadha|date=2013|title=Conflict, governance and peacebuilding in Kashmir|url=https://www.prio.org/Publications/Publication/?x=7088|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181230181525/https://files.prio.org/Publications/COREPolicyBrief-10-2013/files/assets/basic-html/index.html%231|archive-date=30 December 2018|access-date=30 December 2018|website=Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20021209-pdps-healing-touch-policy-on-firing-line-as-jammu-attacks-put-congress-on-defensive-793936-2002-12-09|title=PDP's healing touch policy on firing line as Jammu attacks put Congress on defensive|last=Vinayak|first=Ramesh|date=9 December 2001|website=India Today|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181230181938/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20021209-pdps-healing-touch-policy-on-firing-line-as-jammu-attacks-put-congress-on-defensive-793936-2002-12-09|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/mufti-s-healing-touch-policy-changed-jk-s-security-scenario/206385.html|title=Mufti's 'healing touch' policy changed JK's security scenario|last=Yusuf|first=Shabir Ibn|date=7 January 2016|work=Greater Kashmir|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181230183524/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/mufti-s-healing-touch-policy-changed-jk-s-security-scenario/206385.html|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed|Mufti Mohammad Syed]], a [[chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] said that Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] had supported the healing touch policy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/vajpayee-advani-endorsed-pdps-healing-touch-policy-mufti/578801|title=Vajpayee, Advani endorsed PDP's healing touch policy: Mufti|last=PTI|date=8 June 2008|website=Outlook India|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> [[Mehbooba Mufti]], the ninth Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, tried to revive the "healing touch" policy during her term (2016–2018), with initiatives such as the withdrawal of [[First information report|FIR]]s against over 9,700 youth and cash compensations for [[Crowd control in Jammu and Kashmir#Pellet guns|pellet victims]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/jammu-kashmir-cm-back-with-healing-touch-slogan-as-she-sanctions-cash-relief-for/307373|title=Jammu & Kashmir CM Says She Will Describes Withdrawal Of FIRs Against 9700 Youths As Major Humanitarian Gesture|last=Outlook Monitoring Bureau|date=25 January 2018|website=Outlook India|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181230184053/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/jammu-kashmir-cm-back-with-healing-touch-slogan-as-she-sanctions-cash-relief-for/307373|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> The cases withdrawn were related to people involved in [[Stone pelting in Kashmir|stone-pelting incidents]] in the region between 2008 and 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jk-govt-okays-withdrawal-of-stone-pelting-cases-against-9730-people/articleshow/62768757.cms|title=J&K govt okays withdrawal of stone-pelting cases against 9,730 people|date=3 February 2018|website=The Times of India|others=PTI|access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref> | ||
* In 2010, the [[Omar Abdullah]] government introduced the "surrender and rehabilitation policy", allowing former militants who had crossed the [[Line of Control|Line-of-Control]] into Pakistan, to come back to India. Over 400 militants utilised the policy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bharatiya-janata-party-demands-scrapping-of-surrender-rehabilitation-policy/59019/|title=Bharatiya Janata Party demands scrapping of 'surrender, rehabilitation policy'|last=PTI|date=31 March 2015|website=The Financial Express|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2011/05/16/are-kashmiri-militants-ready-to-return-home-from-pakistan/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518134129/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2011/05/16/are-kashmiri-militants-ready-to-return-home-from-pakistan/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 May 2011|title=Are Kashmiri militants ready to return home from Pakistan?|last=Mushtaq|first=Sheikh|date=16 May 2011|website=Reuters|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> | * In 2010, the [[Omar Abdullah]] government introduced the "surrender and rehabilitation policy", allowing former militants who had crossed the [[Line of Control|Line-of-Control]] into Pakistan, to come back to India. Over 400 militants utilised the policy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bharatiya-janata-party-demands-scrapping-of-surrender-rehabilitation-policy/59019/|title=Bharatiya Janata Party demands scrapping of 'surrender, rehabilitation policy'|last=PTI|date=31 March 2015|website=The Financial Express|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2011/05/16/are-kashmiri-militants-ready-to-return-home-from-pakistan/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518134129/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2011/05/16/are-kashmiri-militants-ready-to-return-home-from-pakistan/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 May 2011|title=Are Kashmiri militants ready to return home from Pakistan?|last=Mushtaq|first=Sheikh|date=16 May 2011|website=Reuters|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> | ||
* "Valley-centric" approaches have resulted in discontent among other communities in the region such as [[Ladakh#Demographics|Ladhaki]] Buddhists. Formation of "Autonomous Hill Councils" in the [[Leh district]] and [[Kargil district]] have proven to be a successful peacebuilding initiative in this aspect according to Navnita Chadha Behera.<ref name=":2" /> In September 2018, the [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council]] was given more powers, making it "among the most autonomous councils" in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/ladakh-hill-council-gets-more-fiscal-administrative-powers/297718.html| | * "Valley-centric" approaches have resulted in discontent among other communities in the region such as [[Ladakh#Demographics|Ladhaki]] Buddhists. Formation of "Autonomous Hill Councils" in the [[Leh district]] and [[Kargil district]] have proven to be a successful peacebuilding initiative in this aspect according to Navnita Chadha Behera.<ref name=":2" /> In September 2018, the [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council]] was given more powers, making it "among the most autonomous councils" in India.<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 September 2018|title=Ladakh Hill Council gets more fiscal, administrative powers|work=Greater Kashmir|url=https://greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/ladakh-hill-council-gets-more-fiscal-administrative-powers/297718.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202154135/https://greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/ladakh-hill-council-gets-more-fiscal-administrative-powers/297718.html|archive-date=2 February 2019}}</ref> | ||
* [[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir#Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill)|Operation Sadbhavana]] in Jammu and Kashmir is an [[Indian Army]] initiative which involves welfare measures such as infrastructure development, medical care, women and youth empowerment, educational tours and sports tournaments among other initiatives.<ref name="Anant">Dr. Arpita Anant. (2011) ''[https://idsa.in/system/files/OP_CounterinsurgencyKashmir.pdf Counterinsurgency and "Op Sadhbhavana" in Jammu and Kashmir].'' [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] New Delhi.</ref>[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil with the members of the National Integration Tour for senior citizens of Operation Sadbhavana from Mendhar Tehsil, Jammu and Kashmir, in New Delhi on March 09, 2009.jpg|thumb|The 12th President of India, [[Pratibha Patil|Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] with the members of the National Integration Tour for senior citizens of Operation Sadbhavana from [[Mendhar Tehsil]], Jammu and Kashmir, in New Delhi on 9 March 2009]] | * [[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir#Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill)|Operation Sadbhavana]] in Jammu and Kashmir is an [[Indian Army]] initiative which involves welfare measures such as infrastructure development, medical care, women and youth empowerment, educational tours and sports tournaments among other initiatives.<ref name="Anant">Dr. Arpita Anant. (2011) ''[https://idsa.in/system/files/OP_CounterinsurgencyKashmir.pdf Counterinsurgency and "Op Sadhbhavana" in Jammu and Kashmir].'' [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] New Delhi.</ref>[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil with the members of the National Integration Tour for senior citizens of Operation Sadbhavana from Mendhar Tehsil, Jammu and Kashmir, in New Delhi on March 09, 2009.jpg|thumb|The 12th President of India, [[Pratibha Patil|Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] with the members of the National Integration Tour for senior citizens of Operation Sadbhavana from [[Mendhar Tehsil]], Jammu and Kashmir, in New Delhi on 9 March 2009]] | ||
| Line 34: | Line 47: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
* | * {{Citation|title=Steps Towards Peace: Putting Kashmiris First.|date=3 June 2010|url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b106-steps-towards-peace-putting-kashmiris-first.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105145322/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b106-steps-towards-peace-putting-kashmiris-first.pdf|place=Islamabad/Brussels|publisher=[[International Crisis Group]] (Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°106)|archive-date=5 January 2019}} | ||
* | *— [https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/kashmir/steps-towards-peace-putting-kashmiris-first Overview] accessed on 31 December 2018. | ||
*{{Citation|title=India/Pakistan Relations and Kashmir: Steps Toward Peace|date=24 June 2004|url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/79-india-pakistan-relations-and-kashmir-steps-toward-peace.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724012923/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/79-india-pakistan-relations-and-kashmir-steps-toward-peace.pdf|publisher=International Crisis Group (ICG Asia Report N°79)|archive-date=24 July 2018}} | |||
*Javeed Ahmad Bhat (2016). ''[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/127217 The Role of Non Governmental Organisations in Peace building in Kashmir Since 1990]''. [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. Chapter 5 archived from the [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127217/10/chapter%205.pdf original]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} on 31 December 2018. Introduction [https://web.archive.org/web/20191128103358/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127217/14/introduction.pdf archived] from the [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127217/14/introduction.pdf original] on 28 November 2019. | *Javeed Ahmad Bhat (2016). ''[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/127217 The Role of Non Governmental Organisations in Peace building in Kashmir Since 1990]''. [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. Chapter 5 archived from the [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127217/10/chapter%205.pdf original]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} on 31 December 2018. Introduction [https://web.archive.org/web/20191128103358/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127217/14/introduction.pdf archived] from the [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127217/14/introduction.pdf original] on 28 November 2019. | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
* | *{{Cite web|last=Kaul|first=Ashima|date=22 August 2020|title=Peacebuilding framework, narrative and policy intervention in Jammu & Kashmir|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/policy-intervention-in-jammu-kashmir/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Observer Research Foundation (ORF)}} | ||
* | *{{Cite journal|last1=Pogodda|first1=Sandra|last2=Huber|first2=Daniela|date=2014-08-08|title=India's Peacebuilding between Rights and Needs: Transformation of Local Conflict Spheres in Bihar, North-East India and Jammu and Kashmir?|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13533312.2014.946745|journal=International Peacekeeping|language=en|volume=21|issue=4|pages=443–463|doi=10.1080/13533312.2014.946745|s2cid=145473687|issn=1353-3312}} | ||
*Koithara | *{{Cite report|url=https://c-r.org/downloads/Vision%202020%20Kashmir.pdf|title=Vision 2020: Shared values and ideas for the future by young people in Jammu and Kashmir|date=December 2016|publisher=Conciliation Resources. . Archived from the original on .|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416001403/https://c-r.org/downloads/Vision%202020%20Kashmir.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2018}} | ||
*Khan | *{{Cite book|last=Koithara|first=Verghese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPiTaeny1sMC|title=Crafting Peace in Kashmir: Through A Realist Lens|date=2004-08-30|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3262-8|language=en}} | ||
* {{Citation|last=Khan|first=Waheeda|title=Political Violence and Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir|date=2009|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4419-0143-9_4|work=Peace Psychology in Asia|pages=65–81|editor-last=Noor|editor-first=Noraini M.|place=New York, NY|publisher=Springer US|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0143-9_4|isbn=978-1-4419-0142-2|editor2-last=Montiel|editor2-first=Cristina Jayme}} | |||
* {{Cite journal|last=Kurr|first=Nikolis|date=2015|title=Solutions to the Conflict in Kashmir|url=https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/irj/vol3/iss1/5/|journal=International ResearchScape Journal|volume=3|doi=10.25035/irj.03.01.05|s2cid=185350966}} | |||
* {{Cite journal|last=Ashraf|first=Fahmida|date=2003|title=Models of Conflict Resolution and the Kashmir Issue: Pakistan's Options|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41394026|journal=Pakistan Horizon|volume=56|issue=2|pages=119–133|jstor=41394026|issn=0030-980X}} | |||
* {{Cite web|last=Bhatnagar|first=Stuti|date=29 January 2019|title=Mediation a long shot in Kashmir conflict|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/mediation-long-shot-kashmir|url-status=live|website=The Interpreter|publisher=[[Lowy Institute]]}} | |||
* {{Cite web|last=Jacob|first=Happymon|date=5 August 2020|title=Toward a Kashmir Endgame? How India and Pakistan Could Negotiate a Lasting Solution|url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/08/toward-kashmir-endgame-how-india-and-pakistan-could-negotiate-lasting-solution|url-status=live|website=[[United States Institute of Peace]]}} | |||
* {{Cite web|last=Wani|first=Ayjaz|date=9 October 2018|title=The Kashmir conflict: Managing perceptions and building bridges to peace|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-kashmir-conflict-managing-perceptions-and-building-bridges-to-peace-44801/|url-status=live|website=ORF}} | |||
* {{Cite journal|last=Orakzai|first=Saira Bano|date=2010|title=Organisation of The Islamic Conference and Conflict Resolution: Case Study of the Kashmir Dispute|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24711087|journal=Pakistan Horizon|volume=63|issue=2|pages=83–94|jstor=24711087|issn=0030-980X}} | |||
* {{Cite journal|last=St. John|first=Anthony Wanis|date=1997|title=The Mediating Role in the Kashmir Dispute between India and Pakistan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45288985|journal=The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs|volume=21|issue=1|pages=173–195|jstor=45288985|issn=1046-1868}} | |||
* {{Cite journal|last=Alam|first=G. M. Shahidul|date=1982|title=Peacekeeping without Conflict Resolution: The Kashmir Dispute|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45331067|journal=The Fletcher Forum|volume=6|issue=1|pages=61–89|jstor=45331067|issn=0147-0981}} | |||
* {{Citation|last=Baweja|first=Harinder|title=The Logic of Third Party Mediation over Kashmir|date=2004|url=https://www.stimson.org/wp-content/files/NRRMBaweja.pdf|publisher=The Stimson Center}} | |||
* {{Citation|title=Simulation on Peacekeeping in Kashmir: An American Choice|url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/kashmir.pdf|publisher=United States Institute of Peace}} | |||
* {{Citation|title=The Kashmiri Conflict: Historical and Prospective Intervention Analyses (November 19–21, 2002)|date=July 2003|url=https://www.cartercenter.org/documents/1439.pdf|publisher=The Carter Center}} | |||
* {{Citation|last=Biberman|first=Yelena|title=A Kashmir Peace Deal Now? Ripeness, Readiness, and US Role|date=February 2021|url=https://mwi.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Biberman_Kashmir_Final.pdf|publisher=Modern War Institute}} | |||
* {{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Suhasini|date=2019-07-28|title=Why does India say no to Kashmir mediation?|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/why-does-india-say-no-to-kashmir-mediation/article28733048.ece|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-12-29|issn=0971-751X}} | |||
* {{Cite web|last=Guruswamy|first=Mohan|date=15 March 2017|title=Sino-Indian border dispute: New package deal floated by former Chinese negotiator is no deal at all|url=https://scroll.in/article/830978/sino-indian-border-dispute-new-package-deal-floated-by-former-chinese-negotiator-is-no-deal-at-all|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-29|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}} | |||
*{{Cite web|last=Baweja|first=Harinder|date=2016-09-26|title=Why India has everything to gain if third party mediates with Pakistan|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/why-india-has-everything-to-gain-if-third-party-mediates-with-pakistan/story-ikN68XJbiCJrYfBQjgaXvI.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}} | |||
<!--- Templates ---> | |||
{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}} | {{Jammu and Kashmir topics}} | ||
{{Kashmir conflict}} | {{Kashmir conflict}} | ||