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==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Mannathu Padmanabhan Pillai was born in [[Perunna]] village in [[Changanacherry]], [[Kottayam District]], [[British India]] on 2 January 1878 to Easwaran Namboothiri of Nilavana Illam and Mannathu Parvathy Amma.<ref>http://nss.org.in/about-mannam/</ref> He began his career as a teacher in 1893 in a Government primary school. After a few years, from 1905 he changed his profession and started practicing law, in the Magistrates Courts.<ref name=ip_mannathu /><ref name=rrtd_mannathu>[http://www.rrtd.nic.in/biomannathu.html Mannathu Padmanabhan (1878-1970) - MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING, Govt of India]</ref> | Mannathu Padmanabhan Pillai was born in [[Perunna]] village in [[Changanacherry]], [[Kottayam District]], [[British India]] on 2 January 1878 to Easwaran Namboothiri of Nilavana Illam and Mannathu Parvathy Amma.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nss.org.in/about-mannam/ |title = About Mannam – Official website of Nair Service Society}}</ref> He began his career as a teacher in 1893 in a Government primary school. After a few years, from 1905 he changed his profession and started practicing law, in the Magistrates Courts.<ref name=ip_mannathu /><ref name=rrtd_mannathu>[http://www.rrtd.nic.in/biomannathu.html Mannathu Padmanabhan (1878-1970) - MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING, Govt of India]</ref> | ||
==Nair Service Society== | ==Nair Service Society== | ||
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==Political life== | ==Political life== | ||
He fought for social equality, the first phase being the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], demanding the public roads near the temple at Vaikom be opened to low caste Hindus.He took part in the [[Vaikom]](1924) and [[Guruvayoor]](1931) temple-entry Satyagrahas; the anti-[[Dalit|untouchability]] agitations. He opened his family temple for everyone, irrespective of caste distinction<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080407194840/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/01/03/stories/2002010303670300.htm Mannam-The Hindu]</ref> He became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1946 and took part in the agitation against Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer's administration in Travancore.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /> As the first president of [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] he revitalised many temples which had almost ceased to function.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> On May 25, 1947 Padmanabhan delivered his famous Muthukulam Speech at [[Muthukulam]], [[Alappuzha]]. He was arrested for [[Indian Freedom Movement]] on 14 June 1947. | He fought for social equality, the first phase being the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], demanding the public roads near the temple at Vaikom be opened to low caste Hindus.He took part in the [[Vaikom]](1924) and [[Guruvayoor]](1931) temple-entry Satyagrahas; the anti-[[Dalit|untouchability]] agitations. He opened his family temple for everyone, irrespective of caste distinction<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080407194840/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/01/03/stories/2002010303670300.htm Mannam-The Hindu]}}</ref> He became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1946 and took part in the agitation against Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer's administration in Travancore.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /> As the first president of [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] he revitalised many temples which had almost ceased to function.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> On May 25, 1947 Padmanabhan delivered his famous Muthukulam Speech at [[Muthukulam]], [[Alappuzha]]. He was arrested for [[Indian Freedom Movement]] on 14 June 1947. | ||
In 1949, Padmanabhan became a member of the Travancore Legislative Assembly. In 1959, he along with Christian Churches led a united opposition against the State [[Communist]] Ministry, which became known as the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' (liberation struggle). The cause of the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' was the introduction of Land reforms Bill by the Minister KR Gowri , and this movement caused the dismissal of the Communist government under [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] on 31 July 1959.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> After the success of the movement he famously tethered a white horse at the Kerala Secretariat building as he had challenged to do if the dismissal was successful. The consequence of the dismissal was the beginning of President's rule in the state under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /><ref>[http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/vimochna.htm ‘Liberation’ struggle - Kerala's First Government] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419181916/http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/vimochna.htm |date=19 April 2012 }}</ref> In 1964 he was instrumental in the formation of Kerala Congress, the first regional party in India | In 1949, Padmanabhan became a member of the Travancore Legislative Assembly. In 1959, he along with Christian Churches led a united opposition against the State [[Communist]] Ministry, which became known as the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' (liberation struggle). The cause of the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' was the introduction of Land reforms Bill by the Minister KR Gowri , and this movement caused the dismissal of the Communist government under [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] on 31 July 1959.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> After the success of the movement he famously tethered a white horse at the Kerala Secretariat building as he had challenged to do if the dismissal was successful. The consequence of the dismissal was the beginning of President's rule in the state under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /><ref>[http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/vimochna.htm ‘Liberation’ struggle - Kerala's First Government] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419181916/http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/vimochna.htm |date=19 April 2012 }}</ref> In 1964 he was instrumental in the formation of Kerala Congress, the first regional party in India | ||