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{{For|Canadian artist|Fred S. Haines}} | |||
{{short description|British general and commander of British forces in India}} | |||
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} | {{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} | ||
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==Military career== | ==Military career== | ||
[[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]] | [[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]] | ||
Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref> | Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref> | ||
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Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref> | Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]] | [[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]] | ||
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref> | Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref> | ||
Returning to retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] on 21 May 1890.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26052|page=2900|date=20 May 1890}}</ref> He also became colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Bengal Fusiliers]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24104|page=2994|date=12 June 1874}}</ref> subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] and then of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26106|page=6024|date=14 November 1890}}</ref> He died at his home at [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]] in London on 11 June 1909 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.<ref name=heath165>Heathcote, p. 165</ref> | |||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller on | In 1856 Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller and together they went on to have three sons.<ref name=heath165/> | ||
==Honours== | ==Honours== | ||
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[[Category:1819 births]] | [[Category:1819 births]] | ||
[[Category:1909 deaths]] | [[Category:1909 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Military personnel from Sussex]] | |||
[[Category:British field marshals]] | [[Category:British field marshals]] | ||
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]] | [[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]] | ||
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[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]] | [[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]] | [[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]] | |||