Indo-Australian Plate: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

Indo-Australian Plate (edit)

Revision as of 09:24, 22 March 2022

1,806 bytes added , 22 March 2022

robot: Update article

UpdateBot

Bots

6

edits

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 The '''Indo-Australian Plate''' is a [[List of tectonic plates#Major plates|major tectonic plate]] that includes the [[Australia (continent)|continent of Australia]] and surrounding [[ocean]], and extends northwest to include the [[Indian subcontinent]] and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates approximately 43 million years ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://austhrutime.com/indo-australian_plate.htm|title=The Indo-Australian Plate|website=austhrutime.com}}</ref> The fusion happened when the [[mid-ocean ridge]] in the [[Indian Ocean]], which separated the two plates, ceased spreading.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keep |first1=Myra |last2=Schellart |first2=Wouter P. |title=Introduction to the thematic issue on the evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate |journal=[[Australian Journal of Earth Sciences]] |year=2012 |volume=59, 2012 |issue=6: THEMATIC ISSUE — Evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate |pages=807–808 |doi=10.1080/08120099.2012.708360 |s2cid=128996831 }}</ref>
+==Regions==
+[[India]], [[Australia]], [[New Guinea]], [[Tasmania]], [[New Zealand]], and [[New Caledonia]] are all fragments of the ancient [[supercontinent]] of [[Gondwana]]. As the [[ocean floor]] broke apart, these land masses fragmented from one another, and for a time these centers were thought to be dormant and fused into a single plate. However, recent research indicates plate separation, so it will take time for publications to correctly corroborate this fact.
+==Characteristics==
+The eastern side of the plate is the convergent boundary with the [[Pacific plate]]. The Pacific plate sinks below the Australian plate and forms the [[Kermadec Trench]] and the island arches of [[Tonga]] and [[Kermadec Islands|Kermadec]]. New Zealand is situated along the southeastern boundary of the plate, which with New Caledonia make up the southern and northern ends of the ancient landmass of [[Zealandia]], which separated from Australia 85 million years ago. The central part of Zealandia sank under the sea.
+The southern margin of the plate forms a divergent boundary with the [[Antarctic plate]]. The western side is subdivided by the [[Indian plate]] that borders the [[Arabian plate]] to the north and the [[African plate]] to the south. The northern margin of the Hindustani plate forms a convergent boundary with the [[Eurasian plate]], which constitutes the active orogenic process of the [[Himalayas]] and the Hindukush mountains.
+The northeast side of the Australian plate forms a subduction boundary with the Eurasian plate in the [[Indian Ocean]] and between the borders of [[Bangladesh]] and [[Burma]], and to the southwest of the Indonesian islands of [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]. The subsidence boundary through [[Indonesia]] is reflected in the [[Wallace line]].
 ==Plate movements==
-The eastern part (Australia) is moving northward at the rate of {{convert|5.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} per year while the western part (India) is moving only at the rate of {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas. This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the Indian and Australian Plates.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2012 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html |title=Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean |publisher=New Scientist |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=April 2012 intra-oceanic seismicity off Sumatra boosted by the Banda-Aceh megathrust |first1=Matthias|last1=Delescluse |first2=Nicolas|last2=Chamot-Rooke |first3=Rodolphe|last3=Cattin |first4=Luce|last4=Fleitout |first5=Olga|last5=Trubienko |first6=Christophe|last6=Vigny |date=26 September 2012 |journal=Nature |volume=490|issue=7419|pages=240–4 |doi=10.1038/nature11520|pmid=23023134 |s2cid=205230868}}</ref>
+The eastern part ([[Australian Plate]]) is moving northward at the rate of {{convert|5.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} per year while the western part ([[Indian Plate]]) is moving only at the rate of {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas. This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the Indian and Australian Plates.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2012 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html |title=Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean |publisher=New Scientist |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=April 2012 intra-oceanic seismicity off Sumatra boosted by the Banda-Aceh megathrust |first1=Matthias|last1=Delescluse |first2=Nicolas|last2=Chamot-Rooke |first3=Rodolphe|last3=Cattin |first4=Luce|last4=Fleitout |first5=Olga|last5=Trubienko |first6=Christophe|last6=Vigny |date=26 September 2012 |journal=Nature |volume=490|issue=7419|pages=240–4 |doi=10.1038/nature11520|pmid=23023134 |s2cid=205230868}}</ref>
 A third plate, known as the [[Capricorn Plate]], may also be separating off the western side of the Indian plate as part of the continued breakup of the Indo-Australian Plate.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-sumatra-quake-crustal-plate-breakup.html | title=Sumatra quake was part of crustal plate breakup: Study shows huge jolt measured 8.7, ripped at least 4 faults | work=[[Phys.Org]] | date=26 September 2012 | access-date=6 October 2012 |first1=Lee |last1=Siegel}}