Indian Navy: Difference between revisions

Indian Navy (edit)

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-{{Short description|Maritime service branch of the Indian Armed Forces}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
+{{Short description|Maritime service branch of the Indian Armed Forces}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
 {{Use British English|date=October 2016}}
@@ Line 7: / Line 8: @@
 | image                         = Indian Navy Insignia.svg
 | image_size                    = 150px
+| caption                       = Indian Navy Insignia
 | start_date                    = {{Start date and age|df=yes|26 January 1950}} (''as current service'')
 ----
@@ Line 15: / Line 17: @@
 | type                          = [[Navy]]
 | role                          = [[Naval warfare]], [[force projection]], [[sealift]], [[Massive retaliation|nuclear deterrence]]
-| size                          = 67,252 active personnel<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192200|title=Strength of Defence Forces}}</ref><br />55,000 reserve personnel<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ&q=IISS+2017|title=The Military Balance 2017|last=(Iiss)|first=The International Institute of Strategic Studies|date=14 February 2017|publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated|isbn=9781857439007|language=en}}</ref><br />150 ships<ref name="size" /><ref name="sizedod" /> (295 including [[auxiliary ship|auxillaries]])<br />Approx. [[List of active Indian military aircraft#Naval Air Arm|300 aircraft]]
+| size                          = 67,252 active personnel<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192200|title=Strength of Defence Forces}}</ref><br />75,000 reserve personnel<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ&q=IISS+2017|title=The Military Balance 2017|last=(Iiss)|first=The International Institute of Strategic Studies|date=14 February 2017|publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated|isbn=9781857439007|language=en}}</ref><br />150 ships<ref name="size" /><ref name="sizedod" /> (295 including [[auxiliary ship|auxillaries]])<br />Approx. [[List of active Indian military aircraft#Naval Air Arm|300 aircraft]]
 | command_structure             = [[Indian Armed Forces]]
 | garrison                      = [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Integrated Defence Headquarters]], [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], [[New Delhi]]
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 | colours                       = Navy blue and white {{color box|#041A2A}}{{color box|#FFFFF}}
 | colours_label                 = Colours
-| march                         = {{lang|hi|जय भारती|italic=yes}} (Victory to India)
+| march                         = {{plainlist|
+*Quick {{audio|Jai Bharati.ogg|''Jai Bharati''}}<br />(Victory to India)
+*Slow {{audio|Anand Lok.ogg|''Anand Lok''}}<br />(Realm of Joy)
+}}
 | mascot                        =
 | equipment                     = {{collapsible list
@@ Line 48: / Line 53: @@
 | commander2                    = ''Vacant''<br>{{post-nominals|country=IND|size=100%|sep=}}
 | commander2_label              = [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)]]
-| commander3                    = [[General (India)|General]] [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]] (''Acting''), [[PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]]
+| commander3                    = ''Vacant''
 | commander3_label              = [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (CCSC)]]
 | commander4                    = [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[R. Hari Kumar]], [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]<ref name="rhari-cns"/>
 | commander4_label              = [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS)]]
-| commander5                    = [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Satish Namdeo Ghormade]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Nau Sena Medal|NM]]<ref name="toi-310721"/>
+| commander5                    = [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Satish Namdeo Ghormade]], [[PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Nau Sena Medal|NM]]<ref name="toi-310721"/>
 | commander5_label              = [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS)]]
-| commander6                    = Vice Admiral [[Ravneet Singh (vice admiral)|Ravneet Singh]], AVSM, NM<ref name="dcns-ravneet"/>
-| commander6_label              = [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]] (DCNS)
 | notable_commanders            = {{plainlist|
 *[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda|S. M. Nanda]]
 *[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Sourendra Nath Kohli]]
 *[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Ram Dass Katari]] }}
-| identification_symbol         = [[File:Naval Ensign of India.svg|150px|border]]
+| identification_symbol         = [[File:Naval Ensign of India.svg|140px|border]]
 | identification_symbol_label   = [[Indian Naval Ensign|Naval ensign]]
 | identification_symbol_2       = [[File:Flag of India.svg|140px|border]]
+| identification_symbol_2_label = [[Naval jack]]
 | identification_symbol_3       = [[File:Masthead Pennant of the Indian Navy.svg|200px]]
-| identification_symbol_4       =
-| identification_symbol_2_label = [[Naval jack]]
 | identification_symbol_3_label = [[Commissioning pennant|Pennant]]
-| identification_symbol_4_label = <!-- Aircraft -->
+| identification_symbol_4       = [[File:President's Colour of Indian Navy.svg|150px]]
+| identification_symbol_4_label = [[President's Colour Award|President's Colour]]
+<!-- Aircraft -->
 | aircraft_fighter              = [[Mikoyan MiG-29K|MiG-29K]]
 | aircraft_helicopter           = [[HAL Dhruv|Dhruv]], [[Kamov Ka-28|Ka-28]], [[Kamov Ka-31|Ka-31]], [[Westland Sea King|Sea King Mk.42C]], [[UH-3 Sea King]], [[HAL Chetak|Chetak]], [[Sikorsky MH-60R]]
@@ Line 76: / Line 80: @@
 }}
 The '''Indian Navy''' is the [[navy|naval branch]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. The [[President of India]] is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of Naval Staff]], a [[four-star rank|four-star]] [[Admiral (India)|admiral]], commands the navy. As a [[blue-water navy]], it operates significantly in [[Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf Region]] and the [[Horn of Africa]] to the [[Strait of Malacca]], and routinely conducts anti-piracy operations and partners with other navies in the region. It also conducts routine two to three month-long deployments in the [[South China Sea|South]] and [[East China Sea|East China]] seas as well as the western [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean sea]] simultaneously.
 The primary objective of the navy is to safeguard the nation's maritime borders, and in conjunction with other Armed Forces of the union, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace. Through joint exercises, goodwill visits and humanitarian missions, including disaster relief, Indian Navy promotes bilateral relations between nations.
-As of June 2019, Indian Navy has 67,252 active<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2019|title=Strength of Defence Forces|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1580095|access-date=16 October 2019|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> and 75,000 reserve personnel in service and has a fleet of 150 ships and submarines, and 300 aircraft.<ref name="size">{{Cite web|last=Dutta|first=Amrita Nayak|date=2020-11-18|title=Hit by budget crunch, Indian Navy now plans to buy 2 Landing Platform Docks instead of 4|url=https://theprint.in/defence/hit-by-budget-crunch-indian-navy-now-plans-to-buy-2-landing-platform-docks-instead-of-4/546361/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|quote=[...] current strength of 150 ships and submarines.}}</ref><ref name="sizedod">{{Cite web|title=FAQ {{!}} Department Of Defence|url=https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/faq#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Navy%27s%20present%20force%20level%20comprises%20about%20150%20ships%20and%20submarines.|access-date=2020-11-27|website=www.mod.gov.in|quote=Q 1. What are the current Force Levels of the Indian Navy? [...] Ans. The Indian Navy’s present force level comprises about 150 ships and submarines. [...]}}</ref> As of November 2021, the operational fleet consists of 1 active [[aircraft carrier]] and 1 [[amphibious transport dock]], 8 [[Landing Ship, Tank|landing ship tanks]], 10 [[destroyer]]s, 13 [[frigate]]s, 1 [[ballistic missile submarine]], 16 conventionally-powered attack [[submarine]]s, 24 [[corvette]]s, one [[mine countermeasure vessel]], 4 [[Replenishment oiler|fleet tankers]] and numerous other [[Auxiliary ship|auxiliary vessels]], [[Patrol boat|small patrol boats]] and sophisticated ships. It is considered as a multi-regional power projection [[blue-water navy]].<ref name="Lindberg-classification">{{cite book|first1=Daniel |last1=Todd |first2=Michael |last2=Lindberg|title=Navies and Shipbuilding Industries: The Strained Symbiosis|date=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275953102|pages=56–57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=he5KL_tWQvMC|access-date=30 November 2015|ref=Todd-1996}}</ref><ref name="Kirchberger">{{cite book|last1=Kirchberger|first1=Sarah| oclc=911616881| title=Assessing China's Naval Power: Technological Innovation, Economic Constraints, and Strategic Implications|date=2015| location=Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783662471272|page=60}}<!--|access-date=4 December 2015--></ref>
+As of June 2019, Indian Navy has 67,252 active<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2019|title=Strength of Defence Forces|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1580095|access-date=16 October 2019|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> and 75,000 reserve personnel in service and has a fleet of 150 ships and submarines, and 300 aircraft.<ref name="size">{{Cite web|last=Dutta|first=Amrita Nayak|date=2020-11-18|title=Hit by budget crunch, Indian Navy now plans to buy 2 Landing Platform Docks instead of 4|url=https://theprint.in/defence/hit-by-budget-crunch-indian-navy-now-plans-to-buy-2-landing-platform-docks-instead-of-4/546361/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|quote=[...] current strength of 150 ships and submarines.}}</ref><ref name="sizedod">{{Cite web|title=FAQ {{!}} Department Of Defence|url=https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/faq#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Navy%27s%20present%20force%20level%20comprises%20about%20150%20ships%20and%20submarines.|access-date=2020-11-27|website=www.mod.gov.in|quote=Q 1. What are the current Force Levels of the Indian Navy? [...] Ans. The Indian Navy’s present force level comprises about 150 ships and submarines. [...]}}</ref> As of April 2022, the operational fleet consists of 1 active [[aircraft carrier]] and 1 [[amphibious transport dock]], 8 [[Landing Ship, Tank|landing ship tanks]], 10 [[destroyer]]s, 13 [[frigate]]s, 1 [[ballistic missile submarine]], 16 conventionally-powered attack [[submarine]]s, 24 [[corvette]]s, one [[mine countermeasure vessel]], 4 [[Replenishment oiler|fleet tankers]] and numerous other [[Auxiliary ship|auxiliary vessels]], [[Patrol boat|small patrol boats]] and sophisticated ships. It is considered as a multi-regional power projection [[blue-water navy]].<ref name="Lindberg-classification">{{cite book|first1=Daniel |last1=Todd |first2=Michael |last2=Lindberg|title=Navies and Shipbuilding Industries: The Strained Symbiosis|date=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275953102|pages=56–57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=he5KL_tWQvMC|access-date=30 November 2015|ref=Todd-1996}}</ref><ref name="Kirchberger">{{cite book|last1=Kirchberger|first1=Sarah| oclc=911616881| title=Assessing China's Naval Power: Technological Innovation, Economic Constraints, and Strategic Implications|date=2015| location=Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783662471272|page=60}}<!--|access-date=4 December 2015--></ref>
 ==History==
@@ Line 97: / Line 101: @@
 {{Quote box|width=300px|bgcolor=#E0E6F8|align=right|quote=... built of fir timber, having a sheath of boards laid over the planking in every part, caulked with oakum and fastened with iron nails. The bottoms were smeared with a preparation of quicklime and hemp, pounded together and mixed with oil from a certain tree which is a better material than pith|source=<ref name="Early History of Indian Navy - IN" />|title='''[[Marco Polo]]'s remark on Indian ships''' (1292 AD)|title_fnt = Arial |tstyle = font size="25";}}
-During 14th and 15th centuries, Indian shipbuilding skills and their maritime ability was sophisticated enough to produce ships with a capacity to carry over hundred men. Ships also had compartments included in their design, so that even if one compartment was damaged, the ship would remain afloat. These features of were developed by Indians even before Europeans were aware of the idea.<ref name="Early History of Indian Navy - IN" />
+During 14th and 15th centuries, Indian shipbuilding skills and their maritime ability was sophisticated enough to produce ships with a capacity to carry over hundred men. Ships also had compartments included in their design, so that even if one compartment was damaged, the ship would remain afloat. These features of ships were developed by Indians even before Europeans were aware of the idea.<ref name="Early History of Indian Navy - IN" />
 However, by the end of thirteenth century Indian naval power had started to decline, and had reached its low by the time the Portuguese entered India. Soon after they set foot in India, the Portuguese started to hunt down all Asian vessels not permitting their trade. Amidst this, in 1529, a naval war at [[Bombay Harbour]] resulted in the surrender of [[Thane]], [[Karanja, Raigad|Karanja]], and [[Bandora, Goa|Bandora]]. By 1534, the Portuguese took complete control over the Bombay Harbour. The [[Zamorin of Calicut]] challenged the Portuguese trade when [[Vasco da Gama]] refused to pay the customs levy as per the trade agreement. This resulted in two major naval wars, the first one—[[Battle of Cochin (1504)|Battle of Cochin]], was fought in 1504, and the second engagement happened four years later off [[Diu, India|Diu]]. Both these wars, exposed the weakness of Indian maritime power and simultaneously helped the Portuguese to gain mastery over the Indian waters.<ref name="Early History of Indian Navy - IN" />
@@ Line 126: / Line 130: @@
 By 1955, the Navy had largely overcome its post-Independence personnel shortfalls.{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=240–241}} During the early years following independence, many British officers continued to serve in the Navy on secondment from the Royal Navy, due to the post-Independence retirement or transfer of many experienced officers to the Royal or the Pakistan navies.{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=240–241}} The first C-in-C of the Navy was Admiral Sir [[Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)|Edward Parry]] who took over from Hall in 1948 and handed over to Admiral Sir [[Charles Pizey|Charles Thomas Mark Pizey]] in 1951. Admiral Pizey also became the first Chief of the Naval Staff in 1955, and was succeeded by Vice Admiral Sir [[Stephen Hope Carlill]] the same year<ref name="Genesis of Indian Navy" /> The pace of "Indianising" continued steadily through the 1950s. By 1952, senior Naval appointments had begun to be filled by Indian officers,{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=242}} and by 1955, basic training for naval cadets was entirely conducted in India.{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=254}} In 1956, [[Ram Dass Katari]] became the first Indian flag officer, and was appointed the first Indian Commander of the Fleet on 2 October.{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=250}} On 22 April 1958, Vice Admiral Katari assumed the command of the Indian Navy from Carlill as the first Indian Chief of Staff of the Indian Navy.{{Sfn|Stewart|2009|p=185}} With the departure in 1962 of the last British officer on secondment to the Navy, Commodore David Kirke, the Chief of Naval Aviation, the Indian Navy finally became an entirely Indian service.{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=243}}
-The first engagement in action of the Indian Navy was against the [[Portuguese Navy]] during the [[liberation of Goa]] in 1961. ''Operation Vijay'' followed years of escalating tension due to Portuguese refusal to relinquish its [[Portuguese India|colonies]] in India. On 21 November 1961, Portuguese troops fired on the passenger liner ''Sabarmati'' near [[Anjadip Island]], killing one person and injuring another.{{cn|date=May 2021}} During Operation Vijay, the Indian Navy supported troop landings and provided fire support. The [[cruiser]] {{INS|Delhi|C74|6}} sank one Portuguese [[patrol boat]],<ref name="Goa Operations 1961 - IN Off">{{cite web|title=Goa Operations 1961|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/goa.htm|website=Indian Navy|access-date=22 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905091051/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/goa.htm|archive-date=5 September 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> while frigates {{INS|Betwa|1959|6}} and {{INS|Beas|1958|6}} destroyed the Portuguese frigate {{ship|NRP|Afonso de Albuquerque}}.{{Sfn|Navy|2016|p=174}} The 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]] was largely fought over the [[Himalayas]] and the Navy had only a defensive role in the war.{{Sfn|Shah|2015|p=89}}
+The first engagement in action of the Indian Navy was against the [[Portuguese Navy]] during the [[liberation of Goa]] in 1961. ''Operation Vijay'' followed years of escalating tension due to Portuguese refusal to relinquish its [[Portuguese India|colonies]] in India. On 21 November 1961, Portuguese troops fired on the passenger liner ''Sabarmati'' near [[Anjadip Island]], killing one person and injuring another.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} During Operation Vijay, the Indian Navy supported troop landings and provided fire support. The [[cruiser]] {{INS|Delhi|C74|6}} sank one Portuguese [[patrol boat]],<ref name="Goa Operations 1961 - IN Off">{{cite web|title=Goa Operations 1961|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/goa.htm|website=Indian Navy|access-date=22 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905091051/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/goa.htm|archive-date=5 September 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> while frigates {{INS|Betwa|1959|6}} and {{INS|Beas|1958|6}} destroyed the Portuguese frigate {{ship|NRP|Afonso de Albuquerque}}.{{Sfn|Navy|2016|p=174}} The 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]] was largely fought over the [[Himalayas]] and the Navy had only a defensive role in the war.{{Sfn|Shah|2015|p=89}}
 [[File:INS Kursura (S20) underway.jpg|thumb|left|{{INS|Kursura|S20|6}}, an Indian submarine which played a vital role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 Indo-Pak war]]]]
@@ Line 187: / Line 191: @@
 | [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] || Admiral [[R. Hari Kumar]], PVSM, AVSM, VSM<ref name="rhari-cns">{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/vice-admiral-hari-kumar-hands-over-charge-of-western-naval-command-to-vice-admiral-ajendra-singh/articleshow/87984076.cms|title=Vice Admiral Hari Kumar hands over charge of Western Naval Command to Vice Admiral Ajendra Singh|publisher=Economic Times|date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
 |-
-| [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]] || Vice Admiral [[Satish Namdeo Ghormade]], AVSM, NM<ref name="toi-310721">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vice-admiral-sn-ghormade-to-take-charge-as-indian-navy-vice-chief-on-saturday/articleshow/84899950.cms|title=Vice Admiral SN Ghormade to take charge as Indian Navy|publisher=Times of India|date=2021-07-31}}</ref>
+| [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]] || Vice Admiral [[Satish Namdeo Ghormade]], PVSM, AVSM, NM<ref name="toi-310721">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vice-admiral-sn-ghormade-to-take-charge-as-indian-navy-vice-chief-on-saturday/articleshow/84899950.cms|title=Vice Admiral SN Ghormade to take charge as Indian Navy|publisher=Times of India|date=2021-07-31}}</ref>
 |-
-| [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]] || Vice Admiral [[Ravneet Singh (vice admiral)|Ravneet Singh]], AVSM, NM<ref name="dcns-ravneet">{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1723375|title=Vice Admiral Ravneet Singh AVSM, NM assumes charge as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff|publisher=PIB|date=2021-06-01}}</ref>
+| [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]] || Vice Admiral [[Sanjay Mahindru]], PVSM, AVSM, NM<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Vice Admiral Sanjay Mahindru assumes charge as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff |url=https://theprint.in/india/vice-admiral-sanjay-mahindru-assumes-charge-as-deputy-chief-of-naval-staff/898861/ |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
 |-
 | [[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]] || Vice Admiral [[Dinesh K Tripathi]], AVSM, NM  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1723454|title=VICE ADMIRAL DINESH K TRIPATHI, AVSM, NM ASSUMES CHARGE AS CHIEF OF PERSONNEL OF INDIAN NAVY|publisher=PIB|date=2021-06-01}}</ref>
@@ Line 216: / Line 220: @@
 ! style="background:#ccc;"|Current FOC-in-C
 |-
-|[[Western Naval Command]] ||[[Mumbai]] || Vice Admiral [[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]], AVSM, VSM<ref name="rhari-cns"/>
+|[[Western Naval Command]] ||[[Mumbai]] || Vice Admiral [[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]], PVSM, AVSM, VSM<ref name="rhari-cns"/>
 |-
 |[[Eastern Naval Command]] ||[[Visakhapatnam]] || Vice Admiral [[Biswajit Dasgupta]], AVSM, YSM, VSM
@@ Line 290: / Line 294: @@
 [[File:INS Vikramaditya2021.jpg|thumb|right|[[INS Vikramaditya (R33)|INS ''Vikramaditya'']]]]
-The names of all in service ships and naval bases of the Indian Navy are prefixed with the letters '''INS''', designating ''Indian Naval Ship'' or ''Indian Navy Station'',<ref name="Ship Naming in the United States Navy">{{cite web|title=Ship Naming in the United States Navy|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/customs-and-traditions/ship-naming.html|website=Naval History and Heritage Command|publisher=United States Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|quote=India and Israel both use "INS" to mean Indian Naval Ship or Israeli Navy Ship.}}</ref> whereas the sail boats are prefixed with INSV (Indian Naval Sailing Vessel).<ref name="Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class" /> The fleet of the Indian Navy is a mixture of domestic built and foreign vessels, {{as of|2018|1|lc=y}}, the surface fleet comprises 1 [[aircraft carrier]],<ref name="Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class">{{cite web|title=Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154754/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="INS Viraat Decommissioned">{{cite web|title=INS Viraat Decommissioned|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-viraat-decommissioned|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731160452/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-viraat-decommissioned|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 1 [[amphibious transport dock]],<ref name="Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class">{{cite web|title=Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/austin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151637/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/austin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 8 [[Landing Ship, Tank|Landing ship tanks]],<ref name="Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class"/><ref name="Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class">{{cite web|title=Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154710/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 11 [[destroyer]]s,<ref name="Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class"/> 13 [[frigate]]s,<ref name="Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class">{{cite web|title=Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/shivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154548/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/shivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Brahmaputra Class, Godavari Class">{{cite web|title=Brahmaputra Class, Godavari Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/brahmaputra-class-godavari-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154924/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/brahmaputra-class-godavari-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 23 [[corvette]]s,<ref name="Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class"/><ref name="Kora Class, Khukri Class">{{cite web|title=Kora Class, Khukri Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kora-class-khukri-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153200/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kora-class-khukri-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Veer Class, Abhay Class">{{cite web|title=Veer Class, Abhay Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/veer-class-abhay-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151626/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/veer-class-abhay-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Indian Navy Corvettes INS Veer And Nipat Decommissioned After 29 and 28 Years Of Service To The Nation">{{cite web|author1=Surabhi Nijhawan|title=Indian Navy Corvettes INS Veer And Nipat Decommissioned After 29 and 28 Years of Service to the Nation|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html|website=India Times|access-date=18 July 2017|date=28 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151456/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 10 large offshore [[Patrol boat|patrol vessels]],<ref name="Sukanya Class, Saryu Class, Karwar Class">{{cite web|title=Sukanya Class, Saryu Class, Karwar Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731185745/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 4 [[Replenishment oiler|fleet tankers]],<ref name="Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class">{{cite web|title=Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/fleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153154/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/fleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 7 Survey ships,<ref name="Sandhayak Class, Makar Class">{{cite web|title=Sandhayak Class, Makar Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sandhayak-class-makar-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151020/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sandhayak-class-makar-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 1 research vessel,<ref name="Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class"/> 3 training vessels<ref name="Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class">{{cite web|title=Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/tir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153206/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/tir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and various [[Auxiliary ship|auxiliary vessels]], [[Landing Craft Utility]] vessels,<ref name="Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class"/> and small patrol boats.<ref name="Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class"/><ref name="Trinket Class, Super Dvora II Class, Bangaram Class, Car Nicobar Class, Immediate Support Vessels">{{cite web|title=Trinket Class, Super Dvora II Class, Bangaram Class, Car Nicobar Class, Immediate Support Vessels|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/trinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731155125/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/trinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
+The names of all in service ships and naval bases of the Indian Navy are prefixed with the letters '''INS''', designating ''Indian Naval Ship'' or ''Indian Navy Station'',<ref name="Ship Naming in the United States Navy">{{cite web|title=Ship Naming in the United States Navy|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/customs-and-traditions/ship-naming.html|website=Naval History and Heritage Command|publisher=United States Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|quote=India and Israel both use "INS" to mean Indian Naval Ship or Israeli Navy Ship.}}</ref> whereas the sail boats are prefixed with INSV (Indian Naval Sailing Vessel).<ref name="Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class" /> The fleet of the Indian Navy is a mixture of domestic built and foreign vessels, {{as of|2018|1|lc=y}}, the surface fleet comprises 1 [[aircraft carrier]],<ref name="Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class">{{cite web|title=Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154754/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="INS Viraat Decommissioned">{{cite web|title=INS Viraat Decommissioned|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-viraat-decommissioned|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731160452/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-viraat-decommissioned|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 1 [[amphibious transport dock]],<ref name="Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class">{{cite web|title=Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/austin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151637/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/austin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 8 [[Landing Ship, Tank|Landing ship tanks]],<ref name="Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class"/><ref name="Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class">{{cite web|title=Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154710/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 11 [[destroyer]]s,<ref name="Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class"/> 13 [[frigate]]s,<ref name="Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class">{{cite web|title=Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/shivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154548/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/shivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Brahmaputra Class, Godavari Class">{{cite web|title=Brahmaputra Class, Godavari Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/brahmaputra-class-godavari-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154924/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/brahmaputra-class-godavari-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 23 [[corvette]]s,<ref name="Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class"/><ref name="Kora Class, Khukri Class">{{cite web|title=Kora Class, Khukri Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kora-class-khukri-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153200/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kora-class-khukri-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Veer Class, Abhay Class">{{cite web|title=Veer Class, Abhay Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/veer-class-abhay-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151626/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/veer-class-abhay-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Indian Navy Corvettes INS Veer And Nipat Decommissioned After 29 and 28 Years Of Service To The Nation">{{cite web|author1=Surabhi Nijhawan|title=Indian Navy Corvettes INS Veer And Nipat Decommissioned After 29 and 28 Years of Service to the Nation|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html|website=India Times|access-date=18 July 2017|date=28 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151456/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 10 large offshore [[Patrol boat|patrol vessels]],<ref name="Sukanya Class, Saryu Class, Karwar Class">{{cite web|title=Sukanya Class, Saryu Class, Karwar Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731185745/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 4 [[Replenishment oiler|fleet tankers]],<ref name="Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class">{{cite web|title=Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/fleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153154/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/fleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 7 [[Survey vessel|Survey ships]],<ref name="Sandhayak Class, Makar Class">{{cite web|title=Sandhayak Class, Makar Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sandhayak-class-makar-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151020/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sandhayak-class-makar-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> 1 [[research vessel]],<ref name="Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class"/> 3 [[Training ship|training vessels]]<ref name="Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class">{{cite web|title=Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/tir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153206/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/tir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and various [[Auxiliary ship|auxiliary vessels]], [[Landing Craft Utility]] vessels,<ref name="Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class"/> and small [[Patrol boat|patrol boats]].<ref name="Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class"/><ref name="Trinket Class, Super Dvora II Class, Bangaram Class, Car Nicobar Class, Immediate Support Vessels">{{cite web|title=Trinket Class, Super Dvora II Class, Bangaram Class, Car Nicobar Class, Immediate Support Vessels|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/trinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support|website=Indian Navy|access-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731155125/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/trinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
 After [[INS Viraat|INS ''Viraat'']] was decommissioned on 6 March 2017, the Navy is left with only one aircraft carrier in active service, [[INS Vikramaditya (R33)|INS ''Vikramaditya'']], which serves as the flagship of the fleet.<ref name="INS Viraat Decommissioned" /> ''Vikramaditya'' (formerly ''Admiral Gorshkov'') is a modified {{Sclass|Kiev|aircraft carrier}} procured at a total cost $2.3&nbsp;billion from Russia in December 2013.<ref name="India's Vikramaditya to undergo final trials in mid-2013">{{cite web|author1=Greg Waldron|title=India's Vikramaditya to undergo final trials in mid-2013|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indias-vikramaditya-to-undergo-final-trials-in-mid-2013-381535/|website=Flight Global|access-date=18 July 2017|date=28 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703161755/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indias-vikramaditya-to-undergo-final-trials-in-mid-2013-381535/|archive-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> The Navy has an [[amphibious transport dock]] of the {{sclass|Austin|amphibious transport dock|4}}, re-christened as [[INS Jalashwa|INS ''Jalashwa'']] in Indian service. It also maintains a fleet of [[Landing Ship, Tank|landing ship tanks]].<ref name="Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class" />
@@ Line 340: / Line 344: @@
 | [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] / [[Maritime patrol aircraft|patrol]]
 |[[Boeing P-8 Poseidon#India|P-8I]]
-|11
+|12 <ref>{{cite news |title=Boeing delivers 12th P-8I patrol aircraft to Indian Navy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/boeing-delivers-12th-p-8i-patrol-aircraft-to-indian-navy/articleshow/89808007.cms |access-date=10 March 2022 |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>
-|6 on order<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-13|title=Indian Navy receives tenth P-8I maritime patrol aircraft from Boeing|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indian-navy-receives-tenth-p-8i-maritime-patrol-aircraft-from-boeing-11626165998892.html|access-date=2021-07-23|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
+|
 |-
 | [[Ilyushin Il-38]]
@@ Line 387: / Line 391: @@
 |[[Search and rescue|SAR]] / utility
 |[[Westland Sea King#Variants|Mk.42B/C]]
-|31{{sfn|Hiranandani|2005|p={{pn|date=November 2021}}}}
+|31{{sfn|Hiranandani|2005|p={{page needed|date=November 2021}}}}
 |six are [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King#Sikorsky designations|UH-3H]] variants
 |-
@@ Line 395: / Line 399: @@
 |
 |35
-|6 on order
+|6 on order {{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
 |-
 |[[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk|SH-60 Seahawk]]
@@ Line 471: / Line 475: @@
 ===Weapon systems===
 {{Main|Weapon systems of the Indian Navy}}
-[[File:Gun firing trials of INS Kochi.jpg|thumb|Gun firing trials of {{INS|Kochi|D64|6}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/ship-kochi-be-commissioned-indian-navy-30-sep-15|title=Ship 'Kochi' to be commissioned in Indian Navy on 30 Sep 15|website=indiannavy.nic.in|access-date=5 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802215332/http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/ship-kochi-be-commissioned-indian-navy-30-sep-15|archive-date=2 August 2016}}</ref>]]
+[[File:Varunastra.jpg|thumb|[[Varunastra (torpedo)|Varunastra]] advanced heavyweight torpedo of the Indian Navy.]]
 [[File:INS Kochi test fires a Medium Range Surface to Air Missile, 2019 (1).jpg|thumb|Barak 8 missile fired from INS ''Kochi'']]
@@ Line 502: / Line 506: @@
 ===Fleet reviews===
-The [[President of India]] is entitled to inspect his/her fleet, as he/she is the supreme commander of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. The first president's fleet review by India was hosted by Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]] on 10 October 1953. President's reviews usually take place once in the President's term. In all, ten fleet reviews have taken place, including in February 2006, when former president Dr. [[Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]] took the review. The latest, in February 2016, by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]].<ref name="All you need to know about the Fleet Review being hosted by Indian Navy in Vizag">{{cite web|author1=Anil Chopra|title=All you need to know about the Fleet Review being hosted by Indian Navy in Vizag|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-fleet-review-being-hosted-by-indian-navy-in-vizag-2174786|website=Indian Navy|access-date=23 July 2017|date=6 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191939/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-fleet-review-being-hosted-by-indian-navy-in-vizag-2174786|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
+The [[President of India]] is entitled to inspect his/her fleet, as he/she is the supreme commander of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. The first president's fleet review by India was hosted by Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]] on 10 October 1953. President's reviews usually take place once in the President's term. In all, ten fleet reviews have taken place, including in February 2006, when former president Dr. [[Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]] took the review. The latest, in February 2022, by President [[Ram Nath Kovind]].<ref name="All you need to know about the Fleet Review being hosted by Indian Navy in Vizag">{{cite web|author1=Anil Chopra|title=All you need to know about the Fleet Review being hosted by Indian Navy in Vizag|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-fleet-review-being-hosted-by-indian-navy-in-vizag-2174786|website=Indian Navy|access-date=23 July 2017|date=6 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191939/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-fleet-review-being-hosted-by-indian-navy-in-vizag-2174786|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
 The Indian Navy also conducted an International fleet review named ''Bridges of Friendship'' in February 2001 in Mumbai. Many ships of friendly Navies from all around the world participated, including two from the US Navy.<ref name="Building Bridges of Friendship">{{cite web|author1=Cdr R Madhusoodanan|title=Building Bridges of Friendship|url=http://mod.nic.in/Samachar/mar6/html/aycom.htm|website=Ministry of Defence|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411040044/http://mod.nic.in/Samachar/mar6/html/aycom.htm|archive-date=11 April 2009}}</ref> The second international fleet review, the [[International Fleet Review 2016]], was held off Visakhapatnam coast in February 2016 where Indian Navy's focus was on improving diplomatic relations and military compatibility with other nations.<ref name="All you need to know about the Fleet Review being hosted by Indian Navy in Vizag"/>
 ===Naval exercises===
-[[File:Exercise Milan 2014 for 17 navies of the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium, organised by Indian Navy, Andaman and Nicobar Command (6).jpg|thumb|Naval ships from 17 nations Indian Ocean Naval Symposium participated in ''Milan'' exercise 2014]]
+[[File:Operations_at_sea_during_Milan_2022_06.jpg|thumb|''Milan'' exercise 2022 grows in size with 39 foreign countries participating from 4 in 1995<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title=From 4 to 39 Navies: How Milan Soared Over the Years, What It Means for the Indian Navy |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/from-4-to-39-navies-how-milan-soared-over-the-years-what-it-means-for-the-indian-navy-4833716.html |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>]]
 India often conducts naval exercises with other friendly countries designed to increase naval cooperation and also to strengthen cooperative security relationship. Some such exercises take place annually or biennially:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Exercise
+! style="text-align:center;" |Exercise
-! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Navy/Navies
+! style="text-align:center;" |Navy/Navies
-! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |First Edition
+! style="text-align: center;" |First Edition
-! style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;" |Last Edition
+! style="text-align:l center;" |Last Edition
-! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;" |Total Editions
+! style="text-align:left;" |Total Editions
-! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Notes/ References
+! style="text-align: center;" |Notes/ References
 |-
 | [[Milan (naval exercise)|Milan]]
 |Multilateral
 | 1995
-| 2018
+| 2022(ongoing)
 |10
 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Don McLain |title=Why the Milan 2022 naval exercise matters |url=https://asiatimes.com/2021/10/why-the-milan-2022-naval-exercise-matters/ |website=Asia Times |access-date=25 November 2021 |date=21 October 2021}}</ref>
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 |<ref>{{cite web |title=India, Saudi Arabia set to carry out first-ever naval exercise |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/india-saudi-arabia-set-to-carry-out-first-ever-naval-exercise/article35848832.ece |website=@businessline |access-date=25 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
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-Coordinated patrols include: Indo–Thai CORPAT (28 editions),<ref>{{Cite web|title=28th Indo-Thai Corpat - Closing Ceremony|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/28th-indo-thai-corpat-closing-ceremony|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> Indonesia–India CORPAT (33 editions),<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=33rd Edition of India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol (Ind-Indo Corpat) Commences at Port Blair|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1569122#:~:text=The%20IND-INDO%20CORPAT%20Series,friendship%20between%20India%20and%20Indonesia.|access-date=2020-11-27|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>  IMCOR with Myanmar (8 editions).<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 May 2020|title=8th Indo – Myanmar Coordinated Patrol|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1572293|access-date=2020-11-27|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> The Indian Navy conducted a naval exercise with the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] in 2003,<ref name="Strategic Shift In Chinese Naval Strategy In Indian Ocean">{{cite web|author1=Vijay Sakhuja|title=Strategic Shift in Chinese Naval Strategy in Indian Ocean|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/navy/strategic-shift-in-chinese-naval-strategy-in-indian-ocean-1899.html|website=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies|access-date=23 July 2017|date=6 December 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706032240/http://www.ipcs.org/article/navy/strategic-shift-in-chinese-naval-strategy-in-indian-ocean-1899.html|archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> and also sent ships to the South China Sea to participate in the fleet review.<ref name="India to take part in China's International Fleet Review">{{cite web|title=India to take part in China's International Fleet Review|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200903201879.htm|website=The Hindu|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116043252/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200903201879.htm|archive-date=16 November 2010|date=20 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2005, [[Exercise TROPEX|TROPEX]] (Theatre-level Readiness Operational Exercises) was held during which Indian Navy experimented the doctrine of influencing a land and air battle to support the [[Indian Army]] and the [[Indian Air Force]].{{Sfn|Ministry of Defence|2006|p=29}} TROPEX has been conducted annually every year with an exception to 2016.<ref name="Indian Navy Concludes Theatre Level Readiness and Operational Exercise (TROPEX 2017)">{{cite web|title=Indian Navy Concludes Theatre Level Readiness and Operational Exercise (TROPEX 2017)|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy-concludes-theatre-level-readiness-and-operational-exercise-tropex-2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130749/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy-concludes-theatre-level-readiness-and-operational-exercise-tropex-2017|archive-date=1 August 2017|access-date=1 August 2017|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> In 2007, Indian Navy conducted naval exercises with [[Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force]] and U.S Navy in the Pacific,<ref name="Indian Navy holds joint drills with top naval powers">{{cite web|author1=Anil K. Joseph|title=Indian Navy holds joint drills with top naval powers|url=http://tribuneindia.com/2007/20070417/main8.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014181818/http://tribuneindia.com/2007/20070417/main8.htm|archive-date=14 October 2007|date=17 April 2007}}</ref> and also signed an agreement with Japan in October 2008 for joint naval patrolling in the Asia-Pacific region.<ref name="Eye on China, India and Japan ink security pact">{{cite web|author1=P Vaidyanathan Iyer|title=Eye on China, India and Japan ink security pact|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/eye-on-china--india-and-japan-ink-security-pact/376748|website=The Indian Express|access-date=23 July 2017|date=23 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107070526/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/eye-on-china--india-and-japan-ink-security-pact/376748|archive-date=7 January 2016}}</ref> In 2007, India conducted naval exercises with [[Vietnam]],<ref name="Two Indian naval ships dock in Sai Gon Port for 5-day visit">{{cite web|title=Two Indian naval ships dock in Sai Gon Port for 5-day visit|url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=03SOC090507|website=Vietnam News Service|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612171358/http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=03SOC090507|archive-date=12 June 2008|date=9 May 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Philippines,<ref name="India's Joint Naval Exercises in the ASEAN Region">{{cite web|author1=Anushree Bhattacharya|title=India's Joint Naval Exercises in the ASEAN Region|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=2345|website=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies|access-date=1 August 2017|date=3 August 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130450/http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=2345|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> and [[New Zealand]].{{Sfn|Scott|2011|p=152}} In 2007, India and South Korea conducted an annual naval exercise,<ref name="India, S Korea to hold joint naval exercise">{{cite web|title=India, S Korea to hold joint naval exercise|url=http://outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?gid=73&id=477589|website=Outlook India|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014181310/http://outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?gid=73&id=477589|archive-date=14 October 2007|date=31 May 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> alongside India's participation in the South Korean International Fleet Review in 2008.<ref name="A year of determined pursuit of perfection for Navy fleet">{{cite news|title=A year of determined pursuit of perfection for Navy fleet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-year-of-determined-pursuit-of-perfection-for-Navy-fleet/article15365774.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=1 August 2017|date=22 December 2008}}</ref> The first Atlantic Ocean deployment of the Indian Navy happened in 2009. During this deployment, the Indian Naval fleet conducted exercises with the French, German, Russian and British navies.<ref name="Navy war games with French, British in Atlantic next month">{{cite web|date=29 May 2009|title=Navy war games with French, British in Atlantic next month|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200905291971.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601104009/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200905291971.htm|archive-date=1 June 2009|access-date=1 August 2017|website=The Hindu}}</ref>  Once in two years navies from the Indian Ocean region meet at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for the [[Milan (naval exercise)|Exercise MILAN]].<ref name="Milan 2014: Naval exercise off Andamans concludes">{{cite web|author1=Ekatha Ann John|date=10 February 2014|title=Milan 2014: Naval exercise off Andamans concludes|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Milan-2014-Naval-exercise-off-Andamans-concludes/articleshow/30149435.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907045654/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Milan-2014-Naval-exercise-off-Andamans-concludes/articleshow/30149435.cms|archive-date=7 September 2016|access-date=1 August 2017|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
+Coordinated patrols include: Indo–Thai CORPAT (28 editions),<ref>{{Cite web|title=28th Indo-Thai Corpat - Closing Ceremony|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/28th-indo-thai-corpat-closing-ceremony|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> Indonesia–India CORPAT (33 editions),<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=33rd Edition of India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol (Ind-Indo Corpat) Commences at Port Blair|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1569122#:~:text=The%20IND-INDO%20CORPAT%20Series,friendship%20between%20India%20and%20Indonesia.|access-date=2020-11-27|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>  IMCOR with Myanmar (8 editions).<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 May 2020|title=8th Indo – Myanmar Coordinated Patrol|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1572293|access-date=2020-11-27|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> The Indian Navy conducted a naval exercise with the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] in 2003,<ref name="Strategic Shift In Chinese Naval Strategy In Indian Ocean">{{cite web|author1=Vijay Sakhuja|title=Strategic Shift in Chinese Naval Strategy in Indian Ocean|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/navy/strategic-shift-in-chinese-naval-strategy-in-indian-ocean-1899.html|website=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies|access-date=23 July 2017|date=6 December 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706032240/http://www.ipcs.org/article/navy/strategic-shift-in-chinese-naval-strategy-in-indian-ocean-1899.html|archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> and also sent ships to the South China Sea to participate in the fleet review.<ref name="India to take part in China's International Fleet Review">{{cite web|title=India to take part in China's International Fleet Review|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200903201879.htm|website=The Hindu|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116043252/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200903201879.htm|archive-date=16 November 2010|date=20 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2005, [[Exercise TROPEX|TROPEX]] (Theatre-level Readiness Operational Exercises) was held during which Indian Navy experimented the doctrine of influencing a land and air battle to support the [[Indian Army]] and the [[Indian Air Force]].{{Sfn|Ministry of Defence|2006|p=29}} TROPEX has been conducted annually every year with an exception to 2016.<ref name="Indian Navy Concludes Theatre Level Readiness and Operational Exercise (TROPEX 2017)">{{cite web|title=Indian Navy Concludes Theatre Level Readiness and Operational Exercise (TROPEX 2017)|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy-concludes-theatre-level-readiness-and-operational-exercise-tropex-2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130749/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy-concludes-theatre-level-readiness-and-operational-exercise-tropex-2017|archive-date=1 August 2017|access-date=1 August 2017|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> In 2007, Indian Navy conducted naval exercises with [[Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force]] and U.S Navy in the Pacific,<ref name="Indian Navy holds joint drills with top naval powers">{{cite web|author1=Anil K. Joseph|title=Indian Navy holds joint drills with top naval powers|url=http://tribuneindia.com/2007/20070417/main8.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014181818/http://tribuneindia.com/2007/20070417/main8.htm|archive-date=14 October 2007|date=17 April 2007}}</ref> and also signed an agreement with Japan in October 2008 for joint naval patrolling in the Asia-Pacific region.<ref name="Eye on China, India and Japan ink security pact">{{cite web|author1=P Vaidyanathan Iyer|title=Eye on China, India and Japan ink security pact|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/eye-on-china--india-and-japan-ink-security-pact/376748|website=The Indian Express|access-date=23 July 2017|date=23 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107070526/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/eye-on-china--india-and-japan-ink-security-pact/376748|archive-date=7 January 2016}}</ref> In 2007, India conducted naval exercises with [[Vietnam]],<ref name="Two Indian naval ships dock in Sai Gon Port for 5-day visit">{{cite web|title=Two Indian naval ships dock in Sai Gon Port for 5-day visit|url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=03SOC090507|website=Vietnam News Service|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612171358/http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=03SOC090507|archive-date=12 June 2008|date=9 May 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Philippines,<ref name="India's Joint Naval Exercises in the ASEAN Region">{{cite web|author1=Anushree Bhattacharya|title=India's Joint Naval Exercises in the ASEAN Region|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=2345|website=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies|access-date=1 August 2017|date=3 August 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130450/http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=2345|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> and [[New Zealand]].{{Sfn|Scott|2011|p=152}} In 2007, India and South Korea conducted an annual naval exercise,<ref name="India, S Korea to hold joint naval exercise">{{cite web|title=India, S Korea to hold joint naval exercise|url=http://outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?gid=73&id=477589|website=Outlook India|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014181310/http://outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?gid=73&id=477589|archive-date=14 October 2007|date=31 May 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> alongside India's participation in the South Korean International Fleet Review in 2008.<ref name="A year of determined pursuit of perfection for Navy fleet">{{cite news|title=A year of determined pursuit of perfection for Navy fleet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-year-of-determined-pursuit-of-perfection-for-Navy-fleet/article15365774.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=1 August 2017|date=22 December 2008}}</ref> The first Atlantic Ocean deployment of the Indian Navy happened in 2009. During this deployment, the Indian Naval fleet conducted exercises with the French, German, Russian and British navies.<ref name="Navy war games with French, British in Atlantic next month">{{cite web|date=29 May 2009|title=Navy war games with French, British in Atlantic next month|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200905291971.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601104009/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200905291971.htm|archive-date=1 June 2009|access-date=1 August 2017|website=The Hindu}}</ref>  Once in two years navies from the Indian Ocean region meet at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for the [[Milan (naval exercise)|Exercise MILAN]].<ref name="Milan 2014: Naval exercise off Andamans concludes">{{cite web|author1=Ekatha Ann John|date=10 February 2014|title=Milan 2014: Naval exercise off Andamans concludes|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Milan-2014-Naval-exercise-off-Andamans-concludes/articleshow/30149435.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907045654/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Milan-2014-Naval-exercise-off-Andamans-concludes/articleshow/30149435.cms|archive-date=7 September 2016|access-date=1 August 2017|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2021 India assisted in US-led [[United States Africa Command#Cutlass Express|Exercise Cutlass Express]] as a trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2021|title=INS Talwar in exercise Cutlass Express-21 conduct of VBSS training by Indian Navy|url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1740191|access-date=2022-02-16|website=|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Indian Navy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cutlass Express|url=https://www.africom.mil/what-we-do/exercises/cutlass-express|access-date=2022-02-16|website=www.africom.mil|publisher=United States Africa Command}}</ref>
 In 2007 India held the first [[Indian Ocean Naval Symposium]] (IONS) with an objective to provide a forum for all the [[Littoral zone|littoral nations]] of the Indian Ocean to co-operate on mutually agreed areas for better security in the region.<ref name="PM calls on Indian Ocean navies to pool resources">{{cite web|title=PM calls on Indian Ocean navies to pool resources|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-calls-on-Indian-Ocean-navies-to-pool-resources/articleshow/2783774.cms?referral=PM|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 August 2017|date=15 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811073255/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-calls-on-Indian-Ocean-navies-to-pool-resources/articleshow/2783774.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=11 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="INDIAN OCEAN NAVAL SYMPOSIUM (IONS)">{{cite web|title=INDIAN OCEAN NAVAL SYMPOSIUM (IONS)|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/ion.htm|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210113448/http://indiannavy.nic.in/ion.htm|archive-date=10 February 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the past decade, Indian naval ships have made goodwill port calls to [[Israel]],<ref name="INDIAN NAVY SHIPS DOCK IN HAIFA PORT AHEAD OF HISTORICAL VISIT BY INDIAN PM">{{cite web|author1=ANNA AHRONHEIM|title=INDIAN NAVY SHIPS DOCK IN HAIFA PORT AHEAD OF HISTORICAL VISIT BY INDIAN PM|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Indian-Navy-ships-dock-in-Haifa-port-ahead-of-historical-visit-by-Indian-PM-490336|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=1 August 2017|date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724173959/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Indian-Navy-ships-dock-in-Haifa-port-ahead-of-historical-visit-by-Indian-PM-490336|archive-date=24 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Indian Navy: INS Brahmaputra on Goodwill Visit to Israel">{{cite web|title=Indian Navy: INS Brahmaputra on Goodwill Visit to Israel|url=http://www.marinebuzz.com/2009/06/02/indian-navy-ins-brahmaputra-on-goodwill-visit-to-israel/|website=Marine Buzz|access-date=1 August 2017|date=2 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801114001/http://www.marinebuzz.com/2009/06/02/indian-navy-ins-brahmaputra-on-goodwill-visit-to-israel/|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Turkey]],<ref name="INS Trikand visits Istanbul, Turkey">{{cite web|title=INS Trikand visits Istanbul, Turkey|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-trikand-visits-istanbulturkey|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801113610/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-trikand-visits-istanbulturkey|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Egypt]],<ref name="Indian Warships visit Alexandria, Egypt">{{cite web|title=Indian Warships visit Alexandria, Egypt|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-warships-visit-alexandria-egypt|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801123030/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-warships-visit-alexandria-egypt|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Greece]],<ref name="Indian Warships on Overseas Deployment: Visit Souda Bay, Greece">{{cite web|title=Indian Warships on Overseas Deployment: Visit Souda Bay, Greece|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=161108|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Ministry of Defence|access-date=1 August 2017|date=18 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419101349/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=161108|archive-date=19 April 2017}}</ref> [[Thailand]],<ref name="Indian Naval Ships visit Phuket (Thailand)">{{cite web|title=Indian Naval Ships visit Phuket (Thailand)|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-naval-ships-visit-phuket-thailand|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130141/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-naval-ships-visit-phuket-thailand|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref name="Eastern Fleet Ships on Overseas Deployment to Indonesia">{{cite web|title=Eastern Fleet Ships on Overseas Deployment to Indonesia|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/eastern-fleet-ships-overseas-deployment-indonesia|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801121824/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/eastern-fleet-ships-overseas-deployment-indonesia|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> Australia,<ref name="Naval Ships visit Freemantle (Perth), Australia">{{cite web|title=Naval Ships visit Freemantle (Perth), Australia|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/naval-ships-visit-freemantle-perth-australia|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801122338/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/naval-ships-visit-freemantle-perth-australia|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[New Zealand]],<ref name="INS Sumitra visits Auckland, New Zealand for International Naval Review 2016">{{cite web|title=INS Sumitra visits Auckland, New Zealand for International Naval Review 2016|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-sumitra-visits-auckland-new-zealand-international-naval-review-2016|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801125836/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-sumitra-visits-auckland-new-zealand-international-naval-review-2016|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Tonga]],<ref name="India – Tonga Relations">{{cite web|title=India – Tonga Relations|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Tonga_15_01_2016.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|publisher=Government of India|access-date=1 August 2017|date=15 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429070313/http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Tonga_15_01_2016.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2016}}</ref> South Africa,<ref name="Western Fleet Ships visit South Africa">{{cite web|title=Western Fleet Ships visit South Africa|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/15546|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801125934/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/15546|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Kenya]],<ref name="Visit of Indian Warships to Mombasa, Kenya">{{cite web|title=Visit of Indian Warships to Mombasa, Kenya|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/visit-indian-warships-mombasa-kenya|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801120236/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/visit-indian-warships-mombasa-kenya|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Qatar]],<ref name="Warships on visit to Qatar">{{cite web|title=Warships on visit to Qatar|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-qatar|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130409/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-qatar|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> Oman,<ref name="Warships on visit to Oman">{{cite web|title=Warships on visit to Oman|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-oman|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801122935/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-oman|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[United Arab Emirates]],<ref name="Indian Navy’s Western fleet ships visit United Arab Emirates">{{cite web|title=Indian Navy's Western fleet ships visit United Arab Emirates|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy%E2%80%99s-western-fleet-ships-visit-united-arab-emirates|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801125825/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy%E2%80%99s-western-fleet-ships-visit-united-arab-emirates|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> Bahrain,<ref name="Warships on visit to Bahrain">{{cite web|title=Warships on visit to Bahrain|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-bahrain|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801121132/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-bahrain|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> Kuwait,<ref name="Warships on visit to Kuwait">{{cite web|title=Warships on visit to Kuwait|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-kuwait|website=Indian Navy|access-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801124723/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-kuwait|archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> and various other countries.
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 The Indian Navy has initiated Phase II expansion of [[INS Kadamba]], the third largest naval base, near [[Karwar]]. Phase II will involve expansion of the berthing facilities to accommodate 40–45 more front-line warships, including the aircraft carrier INS ''Vikramaditya'', raise manpower to 300 officers and around 2,500 sailors, and build a naval air station with a 6,000-foot runway. This is to be followed by Phase IIA and IIB, at the end of which INS Kadamba will be able to base 50 front-line warships.<ref name="Project Seabird II will generate more employment: Admiral">{{cite web|title=Project Seabird II will generate more employment: Admiral|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/Project-Seabird-II-will-generate-more-employment-Admiral/articleshow/55779430.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 August 2017|location=Hubli|date=4 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811190516/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/Project-Seabird-II-will-generate-more-employment-Admiral/articleshow/55779430.cms|archive-date=11 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="INS Kadamba Naval Base, India">{{cite web|title=INS Kadamba Naval Base, India|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/inskadambanavalbase/|website=Naval Technology|publisher=Kable Intelligence Limited|access-date=2 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815060646/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/inskadambanavalbase|archive-date=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Now, India has the Largest Naval Base East of the Suez Canal">{{cite web|author1=Sudhi Ranjan Sen|title=Now, India has the Largest Naval Base East of the Suez Canal|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/now-on-indias-west-coast-the-largest-naval-base-east-of-the-suez-canal-1215952|website=NDTV|access-date=2 August 2017|date=10 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803004931/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/now-on-indias-west-coast-the-largest-naval-base-east-of-the-suez-canal-1215952|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Seabird phase II work will start by 2016: Naval officer">{{cite web|title=Seabird phase II work will start by 2016: Naval officer|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/515693/seabird-phase-ii-work-start.html|website=Deccan Herald|publisher=The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd.|access-date=2 August 2017|location=Karwar|date=5 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213930/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/515693/seabird-phase-ii-work-start.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The Indian Navy is also in the process of constructing a new naval base, [[INS Varsha]], at [[Rambilli]] for its [[Arihant-class submarine|Arihant Class]] submarines.<ref name="India’s Undersea Deterrent">{{cite web|author1=Saurav Jha|title=India's Undersea Deterrent|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/indias-undersea-deterrent/|website=The Diplomat|date=30 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408081504/https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/indias-undersea-deterrent/|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>
-India plans to construct a pair of aircraft carriers. The first, [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS ''Vikrant'']], was launched in 2013 by [[Cochin Shipyard]] and undocked in June 2015. It is expected to be completed by February 2021 and undergo extensive sea trials thereafter with commissioning planned for end of 2021.<ref name="Indian Navy targets to induct indigenously built aircraft carrier by 2018">{{cite web|author1=Aditya Bhat|title=Indian Navy targets to induct indigenously built aircraft carrier by 2018|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/indian-navy-targets-induct-indigenously-built-aircraft-carrier-by-2018-693795|website=International Business Times|access-date=3 August 2017|date=15 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804012549/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/indian-navy-targets-induct-indigenously-built-aircraft-carrier-by-2018-693795|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> ''Vikrant'' displaces 44,000 tonnes and will be capable of operating up to 40 aircraft, including 30 [[HAL Tejas]] and [[MiG-29K]] fighters.<ref name="India to launch aircraft carrier INS Vikrant today">{{cite web|author1=T Ramavarman|title=India to launch aircraft carrier INS Vikrant today|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-aircraft-carrier-INS-Vikrant-today/articleshow/21771520.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=3 August 2017|date=12 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811205844/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-aircraft-carrier-INS-Vikrant-today/articleshow/21771520.cms|archive-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> The second ship, [[INS Vishal- Vikrant class aircraft carrier|INS ''Vishal'']] (formerly known as ''Indigenous Aircraft Carrier-II''), will displace around 65,000 tonnes and is expected to be delivered to the Indian Navy by late 2030s. With the future delivery of ''Vishal'', the Navy's goal to have three aircraft carriers in service, with two fully operational carriers and the third in refit, will be achieved.<ref name="Confirmed: India’s Next Aircraft Carrier Will Be Nuclear">{{cite web|author1=Franz-Stefan Gady|title=Confirmed: India's Next Aircraft Carrier Will Be Nuclear|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/confirmed-indias-next-aircraft-carrier-will-be-nuclear/|website=The Diplomat|access-date=3 August 2017|date=9 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804012810/https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/confirmed-indias-next-aircraft-carrier-will-be-nuclear/|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "HBL">{{Cite news|title = Navy's long-term plan is to have three aircraft carriers, says Navy chief Admiral Karambir Singh|url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/indian-navys-long-term-plan-is-to-have-three-aircraft-carriers-navy-chief-admiral-karambir-singh/article30147141.ece|date = 3 December 2019|access-date = 4 December 2019|newspaper = [[Business Line]]}}</ref>
+India plans to construct a pair of aircraft carriers. The first, [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS ''Vikrant'']], was launched in 2013 by [[Cochin Shipyard]] and undocked in June 2015. It is expected to be completed by February 2021 and undergo extensive sea trials thereafter with commissioning planned for end of 2021.<ref name="Indian Navy targets to induct indigenously built aircraft carrier by 2018">{{cite web|author1=Aditya Bhat|title=Indian Navy targets to induct indigenously built aircraft carrier by 2018|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/indian-navy-targets-induct-indigenously-built-aircraft-carrier-by-2018-693795|website=International Business Times|access-date=3 August 2017|date=15 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804012549/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/indian-navy-targets-induct-indigenously-built-aircraft-carrier-by-2018-693795|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> ''Vikrant'' displaces 44,000 tonnes and will be capable of operating up to 40 aircraft, including 30 [[HAL Tejas]] and [[MiG-29K]] fighters.<ref name="India to launch aircraft carrier INS Vikrant today">{{cite web|author1=T Ramavarman|title=India to launch aircraft carrier INS Vikrant today|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-aircraft-carrier-INS-Vikrant-today/articleshow/21771520.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=3 August 2017|date=12 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811205844/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-aircraft-carrier-INS-Vikrant-today/articleshow/21771520.cms|archive-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> The second ship, [[INS Vishal- Vikrant class aircraft carrier|INS ''Vishal'']] (formerly known as ''Indigenous Aircraft Carrier-II''), will displace around 65,000 tonnes and is expected to be delivered to the Indian Navy by mid 2030s. With the future delivery of ''Vishal'', the Navy's goal to have three aircraft carriers in service, with two fully operational carriers and the third in refit, will be achieved.<ref name="Confirmed: India’s Next Aircraft Carrier Will Be Nuclear">{{cite web|author1=Franz-Stefan Gady|title=Confirmed: India's Next Aircraft Carrier Will Be Nuclear|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/confirmed-indias-next-aircraft-carrier-will-be-nuclear/|website=The Diplomat|access-date=3 August 2017|date=9 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804012810/https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/confirmed-indias-next-aircraft-carrier-will-be-nuclear/|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "HBL">{{Cite news|title = Navy's long-term plan is to have three aircraft carriers, says Navy chief Admiral Karambir Singh|url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/indian-navys-long-term-plan-is-to-have-three-aircraft-carriers-navy-chief-admiral-karambir-singh/article30147141.ece|date = 3 December 2019|access-date = 4 December 2019|newspaper = [[Business Line]]}}</ref>
 As of November 2011, the ''Defence Acquisition Council'' launched the [[Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme|Multi-Role Support Vessel]]. The Indian Navy has subsequently sent out an international RFP for up to 2 large [[landing helicopter dock]]s. The contenders are expected to tie up with local shipyards for construction of the ships.<ref name="Government gives green signal to build worth over Rs 20,000 crore">{{cite web|title=Government gives green signal to build worth over Rs 20,000 crore|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/government-gives-green-signal-to-mega-naval-project-worth-over-rs-20000-crore/articleshow/58775978.cms|website=The Economic Times|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|access-date=3 August 2017|date=21 May 2017}}</ref>
+[[File:Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches Yard 12651 (NILGIRI) at Mumbai (2).jpg|thumb|242x242px|The INS‘Nilgiri’, the first of Indian Navy’s seven new stealth frigates, in Mumbai on September 28, 2019, which was the day she was launched.]]
 In addition to aircraft carriers and large amphibious assault ships, the Indian Navy is acquiring numerous surface combatants such as; the [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|''Visakhapatnam''-class]] destroyers, {{sclass2|Project 17A|frigate|0}}<ref name="MoD gives nod to 7 stealth frigates worth Rs 13,000 crore">{{cite web|title=MoD gives nod to 7 stealth frigates worth Rs 13,000 crore|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/MoD-gives-nod-to-7-stealth-frigates-worth-Rs-13000-crore/articleshow/51367348.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=3 August 2017|date=12 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423020457/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/MoD-gives-nod-to-7-stealth-frigates-worth-Rs-13000-crore/articleshow/51367348.cms|archive-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> and {{sclass|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|0}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |title=India, Russia ink $500 million deal for construction of two guided-missile stealth frigates - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-russia-ink-deal-for-construction-of-two-guided-missile-stealth-frigates/articleshow/66711542.cms |work=The Times of India |date=20 November 2018}}</ref> frigates, [[GRSE Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft|ASW shallow water corvettes]],<ref name="MoD clears Navy plans to get 16 shallow-water anti-sub vessels">{{cite web|author1=K. V. Prasad|title=MoD clears Navy plans to get 16 shallow-water anti-sub vessels|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131226/main5.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date=4 August 2017|location=New Delhi|date=25 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213160019/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131226/main5.htm|archive-date=13 December 2016}}</ref> [[Next Generation Missile Vessels|ASuW corvettes]],<ref name="INDIA ISSUES RFI FOR NEXT GENERATION MISSILE VESSEL">{{cite web|title=INDIA ISSUES RFI FOR NEXT GENERATION MISSILE VESSEL|url=http://www.forecastinternational.com/news/index.cfm?l3=30103&recno=230309|website=Forecast International|access-date=4 August 2017|date=11 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805014810/http://www.forecastinternational.com/news/index.cfm?l3=30103&recno=230309|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> and [[Future Indian minehunter class|MCM vessels]].<ref name="India may ink Rs 32,000-cr deal for building minesweepers next month">{{cite web|author1=Rahul Singh|title=India may ink Rs 32,000-cr deal for building minesweepers next month|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-may-ink-rs-32-000-cr-deal-for-building-minesweepers-next-month/story-anO5yAOoUzbPARwJHGYbbI.html|website=Hindustan Times|publisher=HT Media Limited|access-date=4 August 2017|date=2 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804214948/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-may-ink-rs-32-000-cr-deal-for-building-minesweepers-next-month/story-anO5yAOoUzbPARwJHGYbbI.html|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> New submarine types include; the conventional {{sclass|Kalvari| submarine|4||2015}},<ref name="Indian Navy gears up to induct more submarines, warships in 2017">{{cite web|title=Indian Navy gears up to induct more submarines, warships in 2017|url=http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/020117/indian-navy-gears-up-to-induct-more-submarines-warships-in-2017.html|website=The Asian Age|access-date=4 August 2017|location=Mumbai|date=2 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804215907/http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/020117/indian-navy-gears-up-to-induct-more-submarines-warships-in-2017.html|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> [[Project 75I-class submarine|Project 75I]],<ref name="India finally kick-starts 'mother of all underwater defence deals' after 10-year delay">{{cite web|author1=Rajat Pandit|title=India finally kick-starts 'mother of all underwater defence deals' after 10-year delay|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/59731896.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=4 August 2017|date=24 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729004019/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/59731896.cms|archive-date=29 July 2017}}</ref> and the nuclear {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|4}}.<ref name="Indian Navy Soon To Be The Most Formidable Submarine Force On The Planet! Here's What You Need To Know">{{cite web|author1=Abhishek Saxena|title=Indian Navy Soon To Be The Most Formidable Submarine Force on the Planet! Here's What You Need To Know|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/technology/news/indian-navy-soon-to-be-the-most-formidable-submarine-force-on-the-planet-heres-what-you-need-to-know-232694.html|website=Indiatimes|publisher=Times Internet Limited|access-date=4 August 2017|date=15 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015105/http://www.indiatimes.com/technology/news/indian-navy-soon-to-be-the-most-formidable-submarine-force-on-the-planet-heres-what-you-need-to-know-232694.html|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> New auxiliary ships include; five Replenishment Oilers, a Missile Range Instrumentation Ship and an Ocean Surveillance Ship.<ref name="Defence projects worth Rs. 21,000 crore cleared">{{cite news|title=Defence projects worth Rs. 21,000 crore cleared|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/defence-projects-worth-rs-21000-crore-cleared/article6229070.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=4 August 2017|date=19 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828013553/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/defence-projects-worth-rs-21000-crore-cleared/article6229070.ece|archive-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>
@@ Line 683: / Line 686: @@
 The traditional [[Crest (heraldry)|crest]] of Indian Navy ships is topped by a [[crown]] featuring three [[sailing ship]]s symbolising India's rich [[Indian maritime history|maritime history]]. The ribbon of the crown depicts the [[Ashoka Chakra]] surrounded by a [[horse]] and a [[bull]]. Each ship has a unique [[Motif (visual arts)|motif]] which is encircled by a ring of [[Lotus (plant)|lotus]] [[bud]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Navy gets new deadly submarine! INS Vela gets commissioned |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-navy-gets-new-deadly-submarine-ins-vela-gets-commissioned/2375891/ |website=The Financial Express |access-date=25 November 2021 |date=25 November 2021}}</ref>
+== Documents ==
+{{Infobox book series
+| name = Indian Maritime Doctrine
+| books = 2004, 2009, 2014
+| author = Maritime Doctrines and Concepts Centre (MDCC)
+| publisher = [[Integrated Defence Staff|Integrated Headquarters]], Ministry of Defence (Navy)
+| media_type =
+| number_of_books =
+|italic title= no
+}}
+The Indian Maritime Doctrine is a foundational primer document of the Indian Navy. Three editions have been published in 2004, 2009 and 2014. It has to be considered along with other foundational documents such as the naval strategy ''Freedom to Use the Seas'' (2007) and the updated edition ''[[Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy|Ensuring Secure Seas]] (2015).''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Łukaszuk|first=Tomasz|date=2020-12-31|others=University of Warsaw (Poland)|title=Indian and Australian Maritime Security Doctrines in the Indian Ocean Region in the 21st Century. Christian Bueger's Matrix of Maritime Security Approach|url=https://czasopisma.marszalek.com.pl/images/pliki/ppsy/49-4/ppsy2020407.pdf|journal=Polish Political Science Yearbook|volume=49|issue=4|page=113|doi=10.15804/ppsy2020407|s2cid=234432658}}</ref>
+The 2004 edition (INBR 8) was published amidst a larger strategic overhaul in the country. It contains a large number of key words along with their definitions and grouped into a number of sections.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Aaron P|date=2010|others=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs, No. 33|title=Keystone Doctrine Development in Five Commonwealth Navies: A Comparative Perspective|url=https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/PIAMA33.pdf|pages=31–44|isbn=978-0-642-29730-3|issn=1327-5658}}</ref> Select themes pervade throughout the document.<ref name=":02" /> Some themes are subtle such as the ongoing and future transition to a blue-water navy and others are louder such as the text related to nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers.<ref name=":02" /> There is justification and explanation for India's need for these transitions and acquisitions.<ref name=":02" /> The 2009 edition was updated to include counter-terror, counter-piracy and coordination with other navies in these aspects.<ref name=":02" />
 ==See also==