Ahmedabad: Difference between revisions

{{About|the city in Gujarat, India|other places|Ahmadabad (disambiguation)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Good article}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name                    = Ahmedabad

| native_name              = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->

| image_alt                =  

| map_alt                  =  

| map_caption              =  

| established_date        = 1411

| named_for                = [[Ahmad Shah I]]

| government_type          = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]

| governing_body          = [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]

| area_urban_km2          = 1,866

| area_urban_footnotes    = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|title=About Us {{!}} AUDA|website=www.auda.org.in|access-date=2020-02-20|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220004611/http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|url-status=live}}</ref>

| elevation_footnotes      = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/about_amc.jsp |title=About The Corporation: Ahmedabad Today |access-date=24 April 2018 |publisher=Ahmdabad Municipal Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114642/https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/about_amc.jsp |archive-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

| elevation_m              = 53

| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name=UA>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html|title=Gujarāt (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115558/http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html|archive-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>

| population_rank          = [[List of most populous cities in India|5th]]

| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1              = +5:30

| blank_info_sec1          = 1.11<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Sex-Ratio and Population Density|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|work=[[2011 census of India]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=21 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113182831/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]

| blank2_name              = Literacy rate

| demographics_type1      = [[Language]]

| demographics1_title1    = Official

}}

Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India, due to which it was known as the 'Manchester of India' along with [[Kanpur]]. Ahmedabad's [[Ahmedabad Stock Exchange|stock exchange]] (before it was shut down in 2018) was the country's second oldest. [[Cricket]] is a popular sport in Ahmedabad. A newly built [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] at Motera can accommodate 132,000 spectators, being the [[List of stadiums by capacity|largest stadium in the world]]. The world-class [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave]] is currently under construction and once complete, it will be one of the biggest sports centers (Sports City) in India. The effects of [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalisation of the Indian economy]] have energised the city's economy towards [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] activities such as commerce, communication and construction.<ref name="jnnurm">{{cite web

}}</ref> Ahmedabad's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in development of skyscrapers.<ref name="Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots">{{Cite news|url=http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |title=Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2002 |access-date=30 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103080350/http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |archive-date=3 January 2009 }}</ref>

Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under [[Government of India]]{{'}}s flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Government releases list of 20 smart cities|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|website = The Times of India|access-date = 6 February 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202024057/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|archive-date = 2 February 2016|df = dmy-all}}</ref> In July 2017, the [[Historic City of Ahmadabad|Historic City of Ahmedabad]], or Old Ahmedabad, was declared an [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage City]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms|title=600-year-old smart city gets World Heritage tag|work=The Times of India|date=9 July 2017|access-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710094740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms|archive-date=10 July 2017}}</ref>

|2001= 4525013

|2011= 5633927

|2015=6,928,352|2020=7,868,633}}

  |publisher=Ahmedabad District Collectorate

  |title=BPL Census for ninth plan

According to the 2011 census, [[Hindus]] are the predominant religious community in the city comprising 81.56% of the population followed by [[Muslims]] (13.51%), [[Jains]] (3.62%), Christians (0.85%) and [[Sikhs]] (0.24%).<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Buddhists]], people following other religions and those who didn't state any religion make up the remainder.

* Its (Marian) cathedral of [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel]] is the episcopal see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad]] ([[Latin Rite]]; established 1949), a [[suffragan]] of the Metropolitan of Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |title=Mount Carmel Cathedral |access-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020132/http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |archive-date=1 February 2018  }} GCatholic, with Google satellite picture and links</ref>

* Most of the residents of Ahmedabad are native [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]]. The city is home to some 2000 [[Parsi people|Parsis]] and some 125 members of the [[Bene Israel]] [[Jewish]] community.<ref>[http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll "Jews of Ahmedabad, India, welcome Torah scroll."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915035600/http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll |date=15 September 2012 }} ''Jewish Journal''. 13 September 2012. 13 September 2012.</ref> There is also one synagogue in the city. [[Atheism]] is also on the rise in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web

  |publisher  = Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs

=== Cityscape ===

Early in Ahmedabad's history, under [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]], builders fused Hindu craftsmanship with [[Persian architecture]], giving rise to the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style.<ref name="KishoreSharma"/> Many mosques in the city were built in this fashion.<ref name="KishoreSharma">{{cite book|author=B.R. Kishore|author2=Shiv Sharma|title=India&nbsp;– A Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COHI7LlpkSAC&pg=PA491|access-date=4 April 2012|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-284-0067-4|page=491|year=2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602032457/http://books.google.com/books?id=COHI7LlpkSAC&pg=PA491|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> [[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]] was built in the last year of the Sultanate of Gujarat. It is entirely arched and has ten stone latticework windows or [[jali]] on the side and rear arches. Private mansions or [[haveli]] from this era have carvings.<ref name="Others"/> A [[Pol (housing)|Pol]] is a typical housing cluster of [[Old Ahmedabad]].

After independence, modern buildings appeared in Ahmedabad. Architects given commissions in the city included [[Louis Kahn]], who designed the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM-A]]; [[Le Corbusier]], who designed the [[Villa Shodhan|Shodhan]] and [[Villa Sarabhai|Sarabhai Villa]]s, the [[Sanskar Kendra]] and the [[Mill Owners' Association Building]], and [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], who designed the administrative building of [[Calico Mills]] and the [[Calico Dome]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Yatin|last=Pandya|title=Calico dome: Crumbling crown of architecture|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/comment_calico-dome-crumbling-crown-of-architecture_1311809|work=Daily News and Analysis|location=India|access-date=24 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503202255/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/comment_calico-dome-crumbling-crown-of-architecture_1311809|archive-date=3 May 2010|date=15 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Parth|last=Shastri|title=Calico Dome: The icon of its time|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/ahmedabad/30285765_1_geodesic-dome-design-calico-dome|access-date=24 February 2012|date=16 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501232903/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/ahmedabad/30285765_1_geodesic-dome-design-calico-dome|archive-date=1 May 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[B. V. Doshi]] came to the city from Paris to supervise Le Corbusier's works and later set up the [[CEPT University|School of Architecture]] (now CEPT). His local works include Sangath, [[Amdavad ni Gufa]], [[Tagore Memorial Hall]] and the School of Architecture. [[Charles Correa]], who became a partner of Doshi's, designed the [[Sabarmati Ashram|Gandhi Ashram]] and [[Achyut Kanvinde]], and the [[Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association]] complex.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-168251|title=Tagore hall|journal=Arts Asiatiques|year=1967|volume=60|last1=Doshi|first1=Balkrishna V.|last2=Tsuboi|first2=Yoshikatsu|last3=Raj|first3=Mahendra}}</ref><ref name="GansCorbusier2006">{{cite book|first1=Deborah|last1=Gans|first2=Le|last2=Corbusier|title=The Le Corbusier guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsUvawMUeGsC&pg=PA211|access-date=4 April 2012|year=2006|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=978-1-56898-539-8|pages=211–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030907/http://books.google.com/books?id=qsUvawMUeGsC&pg=PA211|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="GargianiRosellini2011">{{cite book|author-link1=Roberto Gargiani|first1=Roberto|last1=Gargiani|first2=Anna|last2=Rosellini|title=Le Corbusier: Beton Brut and Ineffable Space (1940–1965): Surface Materials and Psychophysiology of Vision|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqwHOVYYVl0C&pg=PA417|access-date=4 April 2012|date=25 November 2011|publisher=[[EPFL Press]]|isbn=978-0-415-68171-1|pages=417–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030736/http://books.google.com/books?id=bqwHOVYYVl0C&pg=PA417|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> [[Christopher Charles Benninger]]'s first work, the Alliance Française, is located in the Ellis Bridge area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Christopher Charles Benninger Architects |url=http://www.ccba.in/alliance_writeup.htm |access-date=4 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404204446/http://www.ccba.in/alliance_writeup.htm |archive-date=4 April 2012 }}</ref> [[Anant Raje]] designed major additions to [[Louis Kahn]]'s [[Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad|IIM-A]] campus, namely the Ravi Mathai Auditorium and KLMD.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-01/surat/28153636_1_architecture-works-institution |title=He was a teacher and an institution |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=16 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-01/surat/28153636_1_architecture-works-institution |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

Some of the most visited gardens in the city include [[Law Garden]], Victoria Garden and Bal Vatika. Law Garden was named after the College of Law situated close to it. Victoria Garden is located at the southern edge of the Bhadra Fort and contains a statue of [[Queen Victoria]]. Bal Vatika is a children's park situated on the grounds of [[Kankaria Lake]] and also houses an amusement park. Other gardens in the city include Parimal Garden, Usmanpura Garden, Prahlad Nagar Garden and Lal Darwaja Garden.<ref name="Law_garden">{{cite web|title=Law Garden Night Market|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/gujarat/ahmedabad-amdavad/shopping/other/law-garden-night|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=24 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126145749/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/gujarat/ahmedabad-amdavad/shopping/other/law-garden-night|archive-date=26 November 2011}}</ref>

Ahmedabad's Kamla Nehru Zoological Park houses a number of endangered species including flamingoes, [[caracal]]s, [[Dhole|Asiatic wolves]] and [[chinkara]].<ref name="cza">{{cite web|url=http://www.cza.nic.in/species.html |title=Endangered species Identified for breeding and their species coordinator |publisher=Central Zoo Authority India |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930232403/http://www.cza.nic.in/species.html |archive-date=30 September 2008 }}</ref>

The [[Kankaria]] Lake, built in 1451 AD, is one of the biggest lakes in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gujarat-Daman-Diu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=Kankaria+1451&pg=PA31|access-date=1 June 2012|isbn=9788125013839|year=1998|last=Ward|first=Philip|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120726/https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=Kankaria+1451&pg=PA31|url-status=live}}</ref> In earlier days, it was known by the name ''Qutub Hoj'' or ''Hauj-e-Kutub''.<ref name="kndfg">{{cite news|title=Reminiscing the Kankaria Lake of yore|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_reminiscing-the-kankaria-lake-of-yore_1670566|author=Pandya, Yatin|newspaper=DNA India|access-date=1 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414145158/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_reminiscing-the-kankaria-lake-of-yore_1670566|archive-date=14 April 2012|date=2 April 2012}}</ref> Lal Bahadur Shastri lake in Bapunagar is almost 136,000 square metres. In 2010, another 34 lakes were planned in and around Ahmedabad of which five lakes will be developed by AMC; the other 29 will be developed by the [[Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority]] (AUDA).<ref>{{cite news|first=Ruturaj |last=Jadav |title=City of lakes-With 34 new lakes under development, Ahmedabad is set to pose a challenge to Udaipur |url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=2010041420100414024003550f8f5a989 |access-date=6 October 2012 |newspaper=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=14 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508223054/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=2010041420100414024003550f8f5a989 |archive-date=8 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Vastrapur lake]] is a small artificial lake located in the western part of Ahmedabad. Beautified by local authorities in 2002, it is surrounded by greenery and paved walkways and has become a popular leisure spot for the citizens.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vastapur lake travel guide |url=https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-4541/vastrapur-lake |website=Trodly |access-date=9 May 2019 |archive-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509080905/https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-4541/vastrapur-lake |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chandola Lake]] covers an area of 1200 hectares. It is home for [[cormorants]], [[painted stork]]s and [[spoonbill]]s.<ref>It's a Jungle Out tHere [sic]. ''The Indian Express'', 18 August 2013</ref> During the evening time, many people visit this place and take a leisurely stroll.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ahmedabad.org.uk/lakes/chandola-lake.html|title=Chandola Lake|work=ahmedabad.org.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205110638/http://www.ahmedabad.org.uk/lakes/chandola-lake.html|archive-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> There is a recently developed [[Naroda]] lake<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-get-ready-to-pay-entry-fee-at-naroda-lake-1394714|title=Get ready to pay entry fee at Naroda Lake|work=dna|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526114929/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-get-ready-to-pay-entry-fee-at-naroda-lake-1394714|archive-date=26 May 2015|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> and the world's largest collection of antique cars in KathWada at IB farm (Dastan Farm).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vccci.com/vintage-car-museum|title=VCCCI|work=vccci.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526111342/http://www.vccci.com/vintage-car-museum|archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref> AMC has also developed the [[Sabarmati Riverfront]].<ref name="Mahadevia">{{cite book|first=Darshin|last=Mahadevia|title=Inside the transforming urban Asia : processes, policies and public actions|year=2008|publisher=Concept|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-8069-574-2|page=650|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKvxlYzTFkC&q=Sabarmati+riverfront|edition=1. publ.|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120717/https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKvxlYzTFkC&q=Sabarmati+riverfront|url-status=live}}</ref>

Looking at the health of traffic police staff deployed near the Pirana dump site, the [[Ahmedabad City Police]] is going to install outdoor [[Air purifier]]s at traffic points so that the deployed staff can breathe fresh air.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465|title=Ahmedabad: Air purifiers to be installed near Pirana dumping site for traffic police|date=8 February 2019|website=dna|access-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204552/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465|archive-date=22 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Civic administration ==

Ahmedabad is the administrative headquarters of [[Ahmedabad district]], administered by the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (AMC). The AMC was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act of 1949. The AMC commissioner is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer appointed by the [[Government of Gujarat|state government]] who reserves the administrative executive powers, whereas the corporation is headed by the [[Mayor of Ahmedabad]]. The city residents elect the 192 [[Councillor|municipal councillors]] by popular vote, and the elected councillors select the deputy mayor and mayor of the city. The  Mayor, Bijal Patel, was appointed on 14 June 2018.<ref name="AhmMir-15Jun">{{cite news |title=Bijal Patel appointed city Mayor |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor/articleshow/64593445.cms |work=Ahmedabad Mirror |date=15 June 2018 |access-date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185401/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor/articleshow/64593445.cms |archive-date=25 June 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The administrative responsibilities of the AMC are: water and sewerage services, primary education, health services, fire services, public transport and the city's infrastructure.<ref name="AMC"/> AMC was ranked 9th out of 21 cities for "the Best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.4 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nair|first1=Ajesh|title=Annual Survey of India's City-Systems|url=http://janaagraha.org/asics/images/Annual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf|website=janaagraha.org|publisher=Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy|access-date=7 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003215/http://janaagraha.org/asics/images/Annual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> Ahmedabad registers two accidents per hour.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-registers-two-accidents-per-hour-and-gujarat-18-emri-108/articleshow/66672987.cms|title=Ahmedabad registers two accidents per hour and Gujarat 18: EMRI 108 |work=The Times of India|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120231342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-registers-two-accidents-per-hour-and-gujarat-18-emri-108/articleshow/66672987.cms|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ahmedabad observes a range of festivals. Celebrations and observances include [[Uttarayana|Uttarayan]], an annual kite-flying day on 14 and 15 January. Nine nights of [[Navratri]] are celebrated with people performing [[Garba (dance)|Garba]], the most popular folk dance of Gujarat, at venues across the city. The festival of lights, [[Diwali|Deepavali]], is celebrated with the lighting of lamps in every house, decorating the floors with [[rangoli]], and the lighting of [[firecracker]]s. The annual [[Rath Yatra]] procession on the ''Ashadh-sud-bij'' date of the [[Hindu calendar]] at the [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Jagannath Temple]], the festival of colours [[Holi]] is celebrated on the last full Moon day in the end of the winter, based on the lunisolar Hindu calendar and the procession of ''Tajia'' during the Muslim holy month of [[Muharram]] are important events.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad all set for Tazias|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-all-set-for-tazias_1622170|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=6 December 2011|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120758/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ahmedabad-all-set-for-tazias-1622170|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad gets ready for colourful tazias|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-gets-ready-for-colourful-tazias_1328248|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=28 December 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630163749/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-gets-ready-for-colourful-tazias_1328248|archive-date=30 June 2012}}</ref>

There are many restaurants, which serve Indian and international cuisines. Most of the food outlets serve only vegetarian food, as a strong tradition of vegetarianism is maintained by the city's Jain and Hindu communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Food&nbsp;– IIMA|url=http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/institute/about-ahmedabad/food.html|publisher=iimahd.ernet.in|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626132252/http://iimahd.ernet.in/institute/about-ahmedabad/food.html|archive-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> The first all-vegetarian [[Pizza Hut]] in the world opened in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Made for India: Succeeding in a Market Where One Size Won't Fit All|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4358|work=India Knowledge@Wharton|publisher=The Wharton School|access-date=18 February 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194914/http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4358|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> KFC has a separate staff uniform for serving vegetarian items and prepares vegetarian food in a separate kitchen,<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC in Ahmedabad |url=http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/kfc/111135198 |publisher=Burrp.com [[Network 18]] |access-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605121835/http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/kfc/111135198 |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nair|first=Avinash|title=Kentucky {{sic|Friend|nolink=y}} Chicken changes dress code for {{sic|vegeterian|nolink=y}} Gujarat|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-17/news/30289880_1_kfc-brand-kentucky-friend-chicken-vegetarian-menu|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=17 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501205406/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-17/news/30289880_1_kfc-brand-kentucky-friend-chicken-vegetarian-menu|archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref> as does McDonald's.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hum dono hai alag alag|url=http://www.mcdonaldsindia.com/McDonald's-VegVsNonVegPressRels-HumDonoHaiAlaghAlagh-Aug'09.pdf|work=press release|publisher=[[McDonald's]] India|access-date=27 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016224558/http://mcdonaldsindia.com/McDonald's-VegVsNonVegPressRels-HumDonoHaiAlaghAlagh-Aug'09.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mcdonald's in Ahmedabad |url=http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/mcdonalds/183286326 |publisher=Burrp.com [[Network 18]] |access-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605130447/http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/mcdonalds/183286326 |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref> Ahmedabad has a quite a few restaurants serving typical [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]] non-vegetarian food in older areas like Bhatiyar Gali, [[Kalupur]] and [[Jamalpur, Jaunpur|Jamalpur]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Ahmedabad Food |url=http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destinationlink.aspx?id=33&destinationid=50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612004722/http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destinationlink.aspx?id=33&destinationid=50 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2011 |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook Traveller]] |access-date=24 February 2012 }}</ref>

[[Manek Chowk (Ahmedabad)|Manek Chowk]] is an open square near the centre of the city that functions as a vegetable market in the morning and a jewellery market in the afternoon. However, it is better known for its food stalls in the evening, which sell local [[street food]]. It is named after the Hindu saint Baba [[Maneknath]].<ref name="Desai2007">{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA106|access-date=26 June 2012|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|page=93|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030524/http://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA106|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> Parts of Ahmedabad are known for their [[folk art]]. The artisans of Rangeela ''pol'' make [[tie-dye]]d ''[[Kerchief|bandhinis]]'', while the cobbler shops of Madhupura sell traditional ''mojdi'' (also known as ''mojri'') footwear. Idols of [[Ganesha]] and other religious icons are made in huge numbers in the Gulbai Tekra area. In 2019, there is swing in the trend and people are adopting more eco-friendly Ganesha statue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/go-green-with-ganesha/articleshow/70917990.cms|title=Go green with Ganesha|last1=Paniker|first1=Shruti|date=August 31, 2019|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902074133/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/go-green-with-ganesha/articleshow/70917990.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The shops at the [[Law Garden]] sell mirror work handicraft.<ref name="Law_garden"/>

Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of [[Gujarati literature]]: [[Gujarat Vidhya Sabha]], [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] and [[Gujarat Sahitya Sabha]]. [[Saptak School of Music]] festival is held in the first week of the new year. This event was inaugurated by [[Ravi Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule of Virasat&nbsp;— virasatfestival.org |url=http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events'13.pdf |publisher=virasatfestival.org |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212054005/http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events%2713.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saptak Music Festival|url=http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212750/http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>

Shreyas Foundation has four museums on the same campus. Shreyas Folk Museum (Lokayatan Museum) has art forms and artefacts from communities of [[Gujarat]]. [[List of children's museums in India|Kalpana Mangaldas Children's Museum]] has a collection of toys, puppets, dance and drama costumes, coins and a repository of recorded music from traditional shows from all over the world. Kahani houses photographs of fairs and festivals of [[Gujarat]]. Sangeeta Vadyakhand is a gallery of musical instruments from India and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|title=Shreyas Folk Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043427/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |title=Shreyas Foundation |publisher=Shreyasfoundation.in |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105065734/http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |archive-date=5 November 2016  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |title=Lokayatan Folk Museum |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165705/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |archive-date=21 November 2016  }}</ref>

L D Institute of Indology houses 76,000 hand-written Jain manuscripts with 500 illustrated versions and 45,000 printed books, making it the largest collection of Jain scripts, Indian sculptures, terracottas, miniature paintings, cloth paintings, painted scrolls, bronzes, woodwork, Indian coins, textiles and decorative art, paintings of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and art of Nepal and Tibet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|title=L D Museum of Indology|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121045514/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> N C Mehta Gallery of Miniature Paintings has a collection of ornate miniature paintings and manuscripts from all over India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|title=N C Mehta Gallery|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042244/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>

=== Education ===

[[File:Gujrat university.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[:Gujarat University|Gujarat university, Ahmedabad]]]]

Among the several [[:Category:universities and colleges in Ahmedabad|universities in Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat University]] is the largest and claims to be the oldest;<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarat University|url=http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/web/WebBriefHistory.asp|website=gujaratuniversity.org.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730065148/http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/web/WebBriefHistory.asp|archive-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> although the [[Gujarat Vidyapith]] was established in 1920 by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] – it received no charter from the [[British Raj]], becoming a [[deemed university]] only in 1963.<ref name="Gujarat Vidyapith : History">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/history.htm|title=Gujarat Vidyapith : History|publisher=Gujarat Vidyapith|access-date=19 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516203439/http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/history.htm|archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref> A large number of colleges in the city are affiliated with Gujarat University.

[[Gujarat Technological University]], [[CEPT University]], [[Nirma University]], [[IITRAM|Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM)]] and [[Ahmedabad University]] all date from this century. [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] has over 100,000 students enrolled on its distance learning courses.<ref name="universities">{{cite web |publisher=University Grants Commission, India |title= List of University (State wise)—Gujarat |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/univbrowse.php?st=Gujarat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608111127/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/univbrowse.php?st=Gujarat |archive-date=8 June 2007 |access-date=30 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction|url=http://www.baou.edu.in/introduction|website=baou.edu.in|publisher=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091109/http://www.baou.edu.in/introduction|archive-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

Established in 1947 by the scientist [[Vikram Sarabhai]], the oldest of the [[:Category:research institutes in Ahmedabad|research institutes in Ahmedabad]], the [[Physical Research Laboratory]] is active in space science, astronomy, high-energy physics and other areas of research.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=R.|last2=Dave|first2=H.|last3=Deshpande|first3=M. R.|title=Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SoXS) development at Physical Research Laboratory/ISRO|publisher=[[European Space Agency]]|page=109|date=September 2001|bibcode=2001ESASP.493..109J}} {{bibcode|2006JApA...27..175J}}</ref>

=== Air ===

==== Seaplane ====

=== Rail ===

==== Ahmedabad Metro ====

=== Bus ===

==== Ahmedabad BRTS ====

[[File:Ahmedabad Inner Ring Road Skyline.jpg|thumb|Ahmedabad 132 feet Ring Road Skyline]]

=== Bike ===

== Sports ==

[[file:Sabarmati marathon 2011-1.JPG|thumb|Participants in [[Sabarmati Marathon]]]]

== International relations ==

[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]

[[Category:Populated places established in the 1410s]]