Kaithal: Difference between revisions

| name                     = Kaithal

| native_name             =  

| native_name_lang         = Hindi

| other_name               = Kapisthal

| nickname                 =  

| settlement_type         = City

| image_skyline           = Pehowa Chowk, Kaithal.jpg

| image_alt               =  

| image_caption           = Pehowa Chowk, Kaithal

| pushpin_map             = India Haryana#India3

| pushpin_label_position   = right

| pushpin_map_alt         =  

| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Haryana, India

| coordinates             = {{coord|29.8015|N|76.3998|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type         = Country

| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]

| subdivision_name1       = [[Haryana]]

| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]

| subdivision_name2       = [[Kaithal district|Kaithal]]

| established_title       = <!-- Established -->

| established_date         =  

| founder                 =  

| named_for               = [[Hanuman]]

| government_type         =  

| governing_body           =  

| leader_title2           = Member of Parliament

| leader_name2             = [[]]

| leader_title3           = Member of the Legislative Assembly

| leader_name3             = [[]]

| unit_pref               = Metric

| area_footnotes           =  

| area_rank               =  

| area_total_km2           =  

| elevation_footnotes     =  

| elevation_m             = 250

| population_total         = 144915

| population_as_of         = 2011

| population_rank         =  

| population_density_km2   = auto

| population_demonym       =  

| population_footnotes     = <!-- remember this is about the city not the district! --><ref name="Census2011Gov"/>

| demographics_type1       = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>

| demographics1_title1     = Official

| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi]], [[Haryanvi]]

| demographics1_title2     =  

| demographics1_info2     =  

| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1             = +5:30

| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]

| postal_code             = 136027

| area_code_type           = Telephone code

| area_code               = 01746

| registration_plate       = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-08, HR-64 (for commercial vehicles)

| blank1_name_sec1         = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]

| blank1_info_sec1         = 887 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800375-kaithal-haryana.html|title=Kaithal City Population Census 2011 - Haryana|access-date=13 August 2017|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

| blank2_name_sec1         = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency

| blank2_info_sec1         = Kurukshetra

| website                 = {{URL|kaithal.gov.in/}}

| iso_code                 = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]

| footnotes               =  

'''Kaithal''' ({{IPA-hi|kɛːt̪ʰl|lang}}) is a city and [[municipal council]] in the [[Kaithal district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]]. Kaithal was previously a part of [[Karnal district]] and later, [[Kurukshetra district]] until 1 November 1989, when it became the headquarters of the Kaithal. It shares a border with the [[Patiala district]] of state [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and the Kurukshetra, [[Jind district|Jind]] and Karnal districts of Haryana. Kaithal district is situated in the North-West of the Haryana state. Its North-West boundaries, which include Guhla-Cheeka are attached to Punjab.

===Vedic period===

 

[[Razia Sultana|Razia Sulta]] , the first woman ruler of India, reigned as the Sultana of [[Delhi Sultanate]] from 1236 to 1240. She fled Delhi with Malik Altúniya after they were defeated on the 24th of Rabí'u-l awwal A.H. 638 (Oct. 1240), and reached Kaithal the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them, and were killed on 13 November 1240.<ref name="official-1">[http://kaithal.nic.in/history.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416175757/http://kaithal.nic.in/history.htm|date=16 April 2015}} Introduction</ref><ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D80201012%26ct%3D83%26rqs%3D78 Razia Sultan] [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period]], 1867-1877.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhilive.com/razia-sultan-s-tomb|title=Razia Sultan Tomb}}</ref> The tomb of Rajia Begam is still found here. This aspect is still not well known outside Kaithal, but residents know about the ''Mazaar'' of Razia Begum even generations later.

The tomb of [[Razia Sultana]], who gained the throne of [[Delhi Sultanate]] under the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Mamluk Sultanate]], is situated 10&nbsp;km north-west of the Kaithal city in Siwan on the Kaithal-Cheeka-[[Patiala]] road. It is near the jail constructed nearby by the present administration. She and her husband [[Malik Altunia]], who was the [[governor]] of [[Bhatinda]] ([[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]), were decapitated by the local [[Jat people|Jat]] people of the area. It is speculated that she might have been disinterred from Kaithal and then reburied at her tomb in Delhi.

'''Raziya al-Din''' (1205 in [[Budaun]] – 13 October 1240), throne name '''Jalâlat ud-Dîn Raziyâ''', usually referred to in history as '''Razia Sultana''', was the [[Sultan of Delhi]] in India from 1236 to May 1240. Like some other [[Muslim]] princesses of the time, she was trained to lead armies and administer kingdoms if necessary.<ref name="herstory">Gloria Steinem (Introduction), [http://www.crescentlife.com/thisthat/feminist%20muslims/razia.htm ''Herstory: Women Who Changed the World,''] eds. Deborah G. Ohrn and Ruth Ashby, Viking, (1995) p. 34-36. {{ISBN|978-0670854349}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827171625/http://www.crescentlife.com/thisthat/feminist%20muslims/razia.htm |date=27 August 2009 }}</ref> Razia Sultan was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period, although other women ruled from behind the scenes.<ref name=t>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_404.gif Table of Delhi Kings: Muazzi Slave King] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 2, ''p. 368.''.</ref> Razia refused to be addressed as Sultana because it meant "wife or consort of a Sultan". She would answer only to the title "Sultan."<ref>{{cite book|last1=O’Brien|first1=Derek|title=Derek Introduces: 100 Iconic Indians|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=8129134136}}</ref>

Vriddh Kedaar, or Vidkyaar as it is popularly known, is an important religious place for Hindus. This is one of the several pilgrimages in [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]]. This pilgrimage has been mentioned in the ancient text of [[Vamana Purana]] also. Vaman Purana said: "''Kapisthaleti vikhyatam sarvapatakanashanam yasmina sthitaha swayam devovridha kedara samgjijitah''a" (2) (Translation: The destroyer of all devilish deeds, the famous Kapisthala sanctum is here because Lord Vridhakedara himself resides in it.) The Vridhakedara sanctum changed to "Vidkyara" as a result of the philological principle of "mukhasukha", or ease of speaking.<ref name="nic"/> it is located near pehowa chowk, the central point of Kaithal.

* '''Gurudwara Topiyon Wala''' - Situated in the middle of the city, this is the only Gurudwara/Temple where [[Guru Granth Sahib]] and [[Ramayan]] are recited together—a unique combination of Sikhism & Hinduism.

* '''Gurudwara Manji Sahib''' - Gurdwara Manji Sahib is situated in Sethan Mohalla, near Hind Cinema. It is near the Gita Bhavan.

:Guru Tegh Bahadur ji came here while he was going to Delhi. When Kashmiri Pandits came to Guru in Anandpur Sahib and requested to save them from Aurangzeb. Accepting there request Guru to sacrifice his life to save them Guru while going to Delhi Via Patiala, GURU came here to Bhai Galora Masand. He was Jathedar of Hansi to Hisar. There were followers along with Guru who wanted to accompany Guru to Delhi but Guru stopped them and asked them to return. Followers requested that they will not be able to live without them. Then Guru Tegh Bahadur told them visiting this place will give them the result of having darshan of Guru Tegh Bahadur. It is believed that who so ever will visit this place with devotions his/her wishes will be fulfilled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/Haryana/Kaithal/GurudwaraShriPatshahiShevinateNauvin/gallery.php|title=HistoricalGurudwaras.com, e journey to Gurudwara Sahibs|website=www.historicalgurudwaras.com}}</ref>

Sheikh Tayyab's actual name was Lala Maidni Mal and he was one of the advisors to Mughal Emperor Akbar. He converted to Islam at the hands of Shah Kamal Qadri. His descendants from his Hindu wife are called "Qanugo" and the place where they used to live is called Mohalla "Qanugoyan" in Kaithal. There was a tradition when someone from Qanugo used to get married, they used to send one pitcher of sweet drink ([[Sherbet (powder)|sherbet]]) to Sheikh Tayyab masjid (also known as masjid of mirrors) and one pitcher to Shah Kamal shrine.

[[File:Masid Shesoon Wali.jpg|thumb|Old Picture of Masjid of Mirrors near Sheikh Tayyab Mazar]]

* '''Tomb of Shah Kamal Qadri and Shah Sikander Qadri''' (Baba Shah Kamal Lal Dayal):  known as Peer Baba to visitors, situated near Gol Market. Shah Kamal Qadri's shrine is well known in sub-continent for the past 450 years. He came from Baghdad in the time of Mughal emperor Akbar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shah-kamal.com|title=Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithaly|website=www.shah-kamal.com}}</ref>

There was a famine in the times of Shah Kamal. When he learned of it, he asked to prepare two big pots of special food (Dalya). One was prepared by a Muslim and the other one was prepared by a Hindu Brahman. It was announced that people from all over the city can come to eat day and night and take away this Dalya to their homes as well. There was a miracle that despite thousands of people eating from this langar, big pots were still filled with food. When famine ended, this food was discontinued.

After that incident, it was a tradition that every year in the month of "sawan" rainy season, on all four Thursdays of rainy season, people of every religion prepared this special food "dalya" and sent it to the Dargah of Baba Shah Kamal to be distributed among the needy.