Shiromani Akali Dal: Difference between revisions

|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]] {{small|(1998–2020)}},SAD+[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] {{small|(2021-Present)}}<ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sad-bsp-form-alliance-for-2022-punjab-assembly-polls/2100737 SAD-BSP form alliance for 2022 Punjab Assembly polls]. 12 June 2021, ''Outlook India''.</ref>

|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|245|hex={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}}

|state_seats = {{Composition bar|13|117|hex={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}}

|ideology = {{Nowrap|[[Punjabiyat]]<ref name="Service 2015">{{cite news | title=SAD aims to widen reach, to contest UP poll | location=Chandigarh | newspaper=The Tribune | date=8 October 2015 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sad-aims-to-widen-reach-to-contest-up-poll/132330.html | access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Pandher 2013">{{cite news | last=Pandher | first=Sarabjit | title=In post-Independence India, the SAD launched the Punjabi Suba morcha in the 1960s, seeking the re-organisation of Punjab on linguistic basis.  | newspaper=The Hindu | date=3 September 2013 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sukhbir-reelected-president-of-sad/article5089819.ece | access-date=15 September 2015}}</ref><br />[[Conservatism in India|Conservatism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, Volume 4|year=1996|publisher=Deep & Deep|first=Verinder|last=Grover|page=578}}</ref><br/>[[Federalism in India|Federalism]]<ref>{{cite news | title=Parkash Singh Badal calls for 'genuinely federal structure' for country | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=2014-12-07 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/parkash-singh-badal-calls-for-genuinely-federal-structure-for-country/articleshow/45405975.cms | access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Bharti | first=Vishav | title=Article 370: SAD 'dumps' its core ideology of federalism | website=The Tribune | date=2019-08-06 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/article-370-sad-dumps-its-core-ideology-of-federalism/813427.html | access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>}}

|women = Istri Akali Dal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/istri-akali-dal-protests-in-front-of-cm-residence.html|title=Istri Akali Dal protests in front of CM residence|last=Pioneer|first=The|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>

|IT Wing = IT Wing <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/sukhbir-badal-appoints-nachhatar-singh-gill/|title=Sukhbir Badal appoints Nachhatar Singh Gill as President, IT wing|last=PTCNews|first=The|website=PTCnews.tv|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref>

|labour = Shiromani Akali Dal SC wing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sads-sc-wing-feels-powerless-in-pathankot-2811890/|title=SAD's SC wing feels 'powerless' in Pathankot|date=2016-05-21|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>

|peasants = Shiromani Akali Dal BC wing<ref>{{cite web | last=Jerath | first=Arati R | title=SAD activists seek BC candidate | website=The Tribune | date=2017-01-14 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/sad-activists-seek-bc-candidate/350136.html | access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>

The '''Shiromani Akali Dal''' ('''SAD''') ([[translation]]: ''Supreme [[Khalsa|Akali]] Party'') is a [[Centre-left politics|centre-right]] [[Sikh]]-centric state political party in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. The party is the second-oldest in [[India]], after [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description ''Akali Dal'', generally the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the [[Election Commission of India]] is the one led by [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]. It controls Sikh religious bodies, the [[Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee]] and the [[Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee]] and it is the largest and most influential [[Sikhs|Sikh]] political party worldwide.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Ashutosh|date=2004|title=Electoral Politics in Punjab: Study of Akali Dal|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=39|issue=14/15|pages=1515–1520|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4414869}}</ref> The basic philosophy of Akali Dal was to give a political voice to Sikh issues and it believed that religion and politics go hand in hand<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Narang|first=Amarjit Singh|date=2014-03-01|title=The Shiromani Akali Dal|url=https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199699308-e-020|journal=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.020}}</ref> but after the 1996 Moga Conference the party adopted a moderate [[Punjabi nationalism|Punjabi]] secular agenda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19960331-akali-dal-led-by-parkash-singh-badal-break-from-the-past-to-forge-a-moderate-agenda-834735-1996-03-31|title=Akali Dal led by Parkash Singh Badal break from the past to forge a moderate agenda|last=VINAYAK|first=RAMESH|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> On 26 September 2020, they left the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] over the farms bill.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punjab's Akali Dal Quits BJP-Led Alliance Over Controversial Farm Bills|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/akali-dal-quits-bjp-led-national-democratic-alliance-over-controversial-farm-bills-2301550|access-date=2020-09-26|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

Akali Dal was formed on 14 December 1920 as a task force of the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee, the Sikh religious body. The Akali Dal considers itself the principal representative of Sikhs. Sardar Sarmukh Singh Chubbal was the first president of a unified proper Akali Dal, but it became popular under [[Master Tara Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/punjab-ke-dangal-mein-kiska-mangal|title=Punjab Ke Dangal Mein Kiska Mangal?|date=2017-01-23|website=NewsClick|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref> [[Akali movement]] influenced 30 new Punjabi newspapers launched between 1920 and 1925.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/how-it-became-punjabi-journalism’s-finest-hour-11041|title=How it became Punjabi journalism's finest hour|last= Bharti|first=Vishav|website=The Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref>

In the 1950s, the party launched the [[Punjabi Suba]] movement, demanding a state with majority of Punjabi speaking people, out of undivided [[East Punjab]] under the leadership of [[Sant Fateh Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/shiromani-akali-dal-since-1920-11011|title=Shiromani Akali Dal, since 1920|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=The Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> In 1966, the present Punjab was formed. Akali Dal came to power in the new Punjab in March 1967,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/being-badals/articleshow/72922502.cms|title=Being Badals|last=Singh|first=I. P.|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> but early governments didn't live long due to internal conflicts and power struggles within the party. Later, party strengthened and party governments completed full term.

Shiromani Akali Dal's party constitution has important agenda as protection of Sikh religion and objectives of the community as initially it was a youth wing of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/‘any-history-of-sad-has-to-be-critical-of-badals’-11088|title=Any history of SAD has to be critical of Badals|last=Singh|first=Jupinderjit|website=The Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> Protection of Punjab's waters and opposition to [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal]] is main agenda of party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/‘we’ve-sacrificed-a-lot-in-the-long-journey-of-making-party-relevant-in-indian-polity’-11040|title='We've sacrificed a lot in the long journey of making party relevant in Indian polity'|last=Bariana|first=Sanjeev Singh|website=The Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref>

In 1996, at a historic conference in Moga, Shiromani Akali Dal adopted moderate identity from Panthic (Sikh) to secular Punjabi and shifted party headquarters from [[Amritsar]] to [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/punjab-point-blank/panth-in-danger-badals-politics-shifting-back-from-chandigarh-to-amritsar-2/|title="Panth in danger" – Badal's politics shifts back from Chandigarh to Amritsar|date=2014-07-28|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref>

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|[[Sharanjit Singh Dhillon|S. S. Dhillon]]

* [[Gurnam Singh]] (17 February 1969 – 27 March 1970)

* [[Parkash Singh Badal]] (27 March 1970 – 14 June 1971)

* [[Parkash Singh Badal]] ( 20 June 1977 – 17 February 1980)

* [[Surjit Singh Barnala]] (29 September 1985 – 11 June 1987)

* [[Parkash Singh Badal]] (12 February 1997 – 26 February 2002)

* [[Parkash Singh Badal]] (1 March 2007 – 16 March 2017)

|| 0<ref>[[Akali Dal – Sant Fateh Singh]], a splinter group won 3 seats</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Citation is to Wikipedia, which is user-generated so not reliable, besides being circular sourcing|date=October 2017}}

|| {{decrease}} 2

* Harjinder Singh Dilgeer. ''Sikh History''.  Sikh University Press, Belgium, 2010-11. 10 volumes