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The ''degree of urbanization'' is a modern metric to help define what comprises a city: "a population of at least 50,000 inhabitants in contiguous dense grid cells (>1,500 inhabitants per square kilometer)".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/how-do-we-define-cities-towns-and-rural-areas|title=How do we define cities, towns, and rural areas?|date=March 10, 2020|author=Lewis Dijkstra, Ellen Hamilton, Somik Lall, and Sameh Wahba}}</ref> This metric was "devised over years by the [[European Commission]], [[OECD]], [[World Bank]] and others, and endorsed in March [2021] by the [[United Nations]]... largely for the purpose of international statistical comparison".<ref>{{cite news|title=What makes a city a city? It's a little complicated|first=Oliver|last=Moore|date=Oct 2, 2021|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|page=A11}}</ref> | The ''degree of urbanization'' is a modern metric to help define what comprises a city: "a population of at least 50,000 inhabitants in contiguous dense grid cells (>1,500 inhabitants per square kilometer)".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/how-do-we-define-cities-towns-and-rural-areas|title=How do we define cities, towns, and rural areas?|date=March 10, 2020|author=Lewis Dijkstra, Ellen Hamilton, Somik Lall, and Sameh Wahba}}</ref> This metric was "devised over years by the [[European Commission]], [[OECD]], [[World Bank]] and others, and endorsed in March [2021] by the [[United Nations]]... largely for the purpose of international statistical comparison".<ref>{{cite news|title=What makes a city a city? It's a little complicated|first=Oliver|last=Moore|date=Oct 2, 2021|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|page=A11}}</ref> | ||
== Etymology == | |||
The word ''city'' and the related ''[[civilization]]'' come from the [[Latin]] root ''[[wikt:civitas|civitas]]'', originally meaning 'citizenship' or 'community member' and eventually coming to correspond with ''[[wikt:urbs|urbs]]'', meaning 'city' in a more physical sense.<ref name="OED">"city, n.", ''Oxford English Dictionary'', June 2014.</ref> The Roman ''civitas'' was closely linked with the Greek ''[[polis]]''—another common root appearing in English words such as ''[[metropolis]]''.<ref>Yi Jianping, "'Civilization' and 'State': An Etymological Perspective"; ''Social Sciences in China'' 33(2), 2012; {{doi|10.1080/02529203.2012.677292}}. | |||
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In [[toponymic]] terminology, names of individual cities and towns are called ''astionyms'' (from [[Ancient Greek]] ἄστυ 'city or town' and ὄνομα 'name').{{sfn|Room|1996|p=13}} | |||