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Then, she glared at the deer. She cursed the deer and all its species that if they tried to eat her creation - paddy, then all their teeth will be fallen. So, still today, the deers never eat paddy because of the fear that their teeth will fall off.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XxovEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2m9WLppD1AhWuIbcAHec-BQcQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false|title=And That Is Why... Manipuri Myths Retold|last=Roy|first=L. Somi|date=2021-06-21|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-91149-65-9|language=en}}</ref> | Then, she glared at the deer. She cursed the deer and all its species that if they tried to eat her creation - paddy, then all their teeth will be fallen. So, still today, the deers never eat paddy because of the fear that their teeth will fall off.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XxovEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2m9WLppD1AhWuIbcAHec-BQcQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false|title=And That Is Why... Manipuri Myths Retold|last=Roy|first=L. Somi|date=2021-06-21|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-91149-65-9|language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Worship == | == Worship and hymns == | ||
''Poinu'' ( | ''Poinu'' (November–December interface month) is the [[Meitei calendar|Meitei lunar month]] of harvesting and the granary must not be disturbed. Its subsequent month ''Wakching'' (December–January interface month) is the time during which Goddess Phouleima is worshipped.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj03pyQv5D1AhUCH7cAHYoWAi44FBDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=Poinu%20is%20the%20month%20of%20harvest%20when%20the%20granary%20must%20not%20be%20disturbed%20and%20Wakching%20is%20the%20month%20during%20which%20Phouoibi%20the%20goddess%20of%20paddy%20is%20worshipped.&f=false|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp23..081213.dec13|title=Irat Thouni of Phouoibi|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Page 447 illustration Folk-Lore, vol. 24.png|thumb|300px|Plan of the ceremony dedicated to goddess Phouleima (Phauwoibi), sketch drawn by Col. John Shakespear in 1913]] | [[File:Page 447 illustration Folk-Lore, vol. 24.png|thumb|300px|Plan of the ceremony dedicated to goddess Phouleima (Phauwoibi), sketch drawn by Col. John Shakespear in 1913]] | ||
* A - A mat with the offerings of fruits and vegetables at the 4 corners. | * A - A mat with the offerings of fruits and vegetables at the 4 corners. | ||
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The '''Phou Kouba''' (calling the paddy/rice) ceremony is more frequently performed in case of mis-happenings to the farmers. Mis-happenings may be theft or burning of the paddy/rice, an animal like cow trespasses the threshing ground, etc. People believe that these are all because of the absence of the goddess. So, they perform the rites and rituals to induce the goddess to stay at their places.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/93/mode/1up?q=Phou+kouba+threshing+rice+mishap+theft+burning+paddy+cow+trespasses+sareng+fish&view=theater|title=Religion Of Manipur|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1980|publisher=Firma Klm|pages=93}}</ref> | The '''Phou Kouba''' (calling the paddy/rice) ceremony is more frequently performed in case of mis-happenings to the farmers. Mis-happenings may be theft or burning of the paddy/rice, an animal like cow trespasses the threshing ground, etc. People believe that these are all because of the absence of the goddess. So, they perform the rites and rituals to induce the goddess to stay at their places.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/93/mode/1up?q=Phou+kouba+threshing+rice+mishap+theft+burning+paddy+cow+trespasses+sareng+fish&view=theater|title=Religion Of Manipur|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1980|publisher=Firma Klm|pages=93}}</ref> | ||
[[File:WallagoAttuDay.jpg|thumb|300px|Sareng fish (Wallago attu, helicopter catfish) with rice is the most important offering to goddess Phouleima.]] | |||
In such cases, Sareng fish (Wallago attu, helicopter catfish) with rice is the most important offering to goddess Phouleima. It should be cooked with herbs and not with spices.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/93/mode/1up?q=Phou+kouba+threshing+rice+mishap+theft+burning+paddy+cow+trespasses+sareng+fish&view=theater|title=Religion Of Manipur|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1980|publisher=Firma Klm|pages=93}}</ref> | In such cases, Sareng fish (Wallago attu, helicopter catfish) with rice is the most important offering to goddess Phouleima. It should be cooked with herbs and not with spices.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/93/mode/1up?q=Phou+kouba+threshing+rice+mishap+theft+burning+paddy+cow+trespasses+sareng+fish&view=theater|title=Religion Of Manipur|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1980|publisher=Firma Klm|pages=93}}</ref> | ||
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== Namesakes == | == Namesakes == | ||
=== In agriculture === | === In agriculture === | ||
In 1979, '''Phouoibi (formerly known as KD6-2-1)''' and '''Punshi (formerly known as KD6-18-7)''' were developed in Manipur State Rice Research Center, Wangbal. After these rice varieties were released, 75 percent of the areas planting high yielding crops constitute 25 percent of Phouoibi rice. Phouoibi matures in 135 days ( | In 1979, '''Phouoibi (formerly known as KD6-2-1)''' and '''Punshi (formerly known as KD6-18-7)''' were developed in Manipur State Rice Research Center, Wangbal. After these rice varieties were released, 75 percent of the areas planting high yielding crops constitute 25 percent of Phouoibi rice. Phouoibi matures in 135 days (4–5 months).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fA7WoWucXDoC&pg=PA8&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjCgfWyzJD1AhWczTgGHY31BkIQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false|title=International Rice Research Notes Vol 7 No 5|publisher=IRRI|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LFLNO4m53Y0C&pg=PA10&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjCgfWyzJD1AhWczTgGHY31BkIQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false|title=International Rice Research Notes Vol 8 No 1|publisher=IRRI|language=en}}</ref> These rice varieties were found to be more likely to be affected by the insects as compared to the local varieties like ''Phourel'' and ''Moirang Phou''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=s0iMSgdmp9cC&pg=PA14&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj10viuz5D1AhXyyzgGHbYcAuI4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false|title=International Rice Research Notes Vol 7 No 1|publisher=IRRI|language=en}}</ref> | ||
=== In commerce === | === In commerce === | ||
[[File:Imphal, Manipur (62).jpeg|thumb|300px|One of the three building complexes of the Ima Keithel (Women's Market) in [[Imphal]]]] | |||
[[Ima Keithel]] ({{lang-en|[[Mothers' Market]]}}), the world's only women run market, has three major building complexes.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eENU_a8c79MC&pg=PA974&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG3bnvrpfzAhVDjeYKHRZQCUk4UBDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20khwairamband%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh|last=Gupta|first=Om|date=2006|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8205-389-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vjzcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&dq=ima+market+nupi+keithel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjaxPvFr5fzAhWjjuYKHV8rBMkQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=ima%20market%20nupi%20keithel%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=Vyapar Shastra|last=Shivhare|first=Vishal|date=2016-08-17|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8495-898-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_76qlrpfzAhXs73MBHd92Cnc4PBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref> Phouoibi Ima Keithel is the Complex Number 3, preceded by [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel Sidabi Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 1) and [[Imoinu|Imoinu Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 2).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/imphal/all-women-imphal-market-reopens-after-10-months/amp_articleshow/80974793.cms|title=All-women Imphal market reopens after 10 months|website=m.timesofindia.com}}</ref> This 500 years old market is in the center of [[Imphal]], the metropolis of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_76qlrpfzAhXs73MBHd92Cnc4PBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref> | [[Ima Keithel]] ({{lang-en|[[Mothers' Market]]}}), the world's only women run market, has three major building complexes.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eENU_a8c79MC&pg=PA974&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG3bnvrpfzAhVDjeYKHRZQCUk4UBDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20khwairamband%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh|last=Gupta|first=Om|date=2006|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8205-389-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vjzcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&dq=ima+market+nupi+keithel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjaxPvFr5fzAhWjjuYKHV8rBMkQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=ima%20market%20nupi%20keithel%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=Vyapar Shastra|last=Shivhare|first=Vishal|date=2016-08-17|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8495-898-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_76qlrpfzAhXs73MBHd92Cnc4PBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref> Phouoibi Ima Keithel is the Complex Number 3, preceded by [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel Sidabi Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 1) and [[Imoinu|Imoinu Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 2).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/imphal/all-women-imphal-market-reopens-after-10-months/amp_articleshow/80974793.cms|title=All-women Imphal market reopens after 10 months|website=m.timesofindia.com}}</ref> This 500 years old market is in the center of [[Imphal]], the metropolis of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_76qlrpfzAhXs73MBHd92Cnc4PBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||