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Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Short description|Large and significant city or urban area usually with millions of inhabitants}} {{About|the political definition of "metropolis"}} {{Distinguish|Metropolitan area}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}} {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 280 | header = Megacity | image1 = Pano Manhattan2007 amk.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = New York has garnered the nickname ''Metr...") Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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| caption3 = [[Tokyo]] is the world's most populous metropolis. Its skyline often consists of [[Mount Fuji]] in the background. | | caption3 = [[Tokyo]] is the world's most populous metropolis. Its skyline often consists of [[Mount Fuji]] in the background. | ||
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A '''metropolis''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ᵻ|ˈ|t|r|ɒ|p|əl|ɪ|s}})<ref name="oxforddictionarymetropolis">{{cite web | url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/metropolis?q=Metropolis| title=Definition of Metropolis | publisher=Oxford Dictionaries | access-date=March 2, 2016}}</ref> is a large city or [[conurbation]] which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. | A '''metropolis''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ᵻ|ˈ|t|r|ɒ|p|əl|ɪ|s}})<ref name="oxforddictionarymetropolis">{{cite web | url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/metropolis?q=Metropolis| title=Definition of Metropolis | publisher=Oxford Dictionaries | access-date=March 2, 2016}}</ref> is a large city or [[conurbation]] which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. | ||
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For urban centers outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction on a smaller scale for their region, the concept of the [[regiopolis]] ("regio" for short) was introduced by urban and regional planning researchers in Germany in 2006.<ref>Prof. Dr. Iris Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". December 11, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2009 (pdf).</ref> | For urban centers outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction on a smaller scale for their region, the concept of the [[regiopolis]] ("regio" for short) was introduced by urban and regional planning researchers in Germany in 2006.<ref>Prof. Dr. Iris Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". December 11, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2009 (pdf).</ref> | ||
==Etymology== | |||
Metropolis (μητρόπολις) is a [[Greek language|Greek]] word, coming from μήτηρ, ''mḗtēr'' meaning "mother" and πόλις, ''pólis'' meaning "city" or "town", which is how the [[Greek colonisation|Greek colonies]] of antiquity referred to their original cities, with whom they retained cultic and political-cultural connections. The word was used in post-classical Latin for the chief city of a province, the seat of the government and, in particular, ecclesiastically for the seat or see of a [[metropolitan bishop]] to whom [[suffragan bishop]]s were responsible.<ref>Louis Boisgibault, Fahad Al Kabbani (2020): [http://www.iste.co.uk/book.php?id=1591 ''Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts'']. Wiley - ISTE. (Energy series) {{ISBN|9781786304995}}.</ref> This usage equates the province with the [[diocese]] or [[episcopal see]].<ref>"metropolis, n." ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, June 2017, www.oed.com/view/Entry/117704. Retrieved December 19, 2017; "polis, n.2." ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, June 2017, www.oed.com/view/Entry/146859. Retrieved December 19, 2017.</ref> | |||
In a colonial context, it is the "mother city" of a [[colony]], that is, the city which sent out settlers. The word has distant roots in the [[Greek colonisation|colonial past of Ancient Greece]] with first usage in [[Middle English]] around the 14th century.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metropolis#h1 Merriam-Webster]</ref> This was later generalized to a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or any large, important city in a nation.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} | |||
==As a cultural center== | |||
Metropolises are often described as cultural centers but this view has been challenged and disputed. Described as "a more sympathetic generation of scholars", some have defended the frequently maligned [[peasant]] class, noting that modern cultural attitudes may be evolving compared to the early Industrial age.<ref>{{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Paul |title=Origins of Peasant Servitude in Medieval Catalonia|publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=15}}</ref> | |||
== India == | |||
'''India''' '''''(Republic of India)''''' is the [[list of countries and dependencies by area|seventh-largest]] country by geographical area and the [[list of countries and dependencies by population|second-most populous]] country with [[demographics of India|over 1.3 billion people]]. The 74th Amendment to the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]] defines a [[metropolitan area]] as an area having a population of 10 Lakh or 1 Million or more, comprised in one or more districts and consisting of two or more Municipalities or Panchayats or other contiguous areas, specified by the Governor by public notification to be a Metropolitan area. The important metropolises in India are [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Delhi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Kochi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Lucknow]], [[Madurai]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Patna]], [[Ranchi]], [[Salem]], [[Surat]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Tiruchirapalli]] and [[Visakhapatnam]]. | |||
== Metropolis as a mainland area == | |||
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2021}} | |||
In France, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, the word ''metropolis'' (''métropole'' (Fr.) / ''metrópole'' (Port.) / ''metrópoli'' (Spa.) / ''metropool'' (Dutch)) designates the mainland part of a country situated on or close to the European mainland; in the case of France, this means France without its [[overseas departments and regions of France|overseas departments]]. For Portugal and Spain during the [[Spanish Empire]] and [[Portuguese Empire]] period, the term was used to designate Portugal or Spain minus its colonies (the ''Ultramar''). In France ''métropole'' can also be used to refer to a large [[urban area|urban agglomeration]]; for example, "La Métropole de Lyon" (the [[Lyon Metropolis]]). | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Megalopolis]] | |||
* [[Metropolitan area]] | |||
=== Other city types === | |||
* [[Global city]] | |||
* [[Megacity]] | |||
=== Lists === | |||
* [[List of largest cities]] | |||
=== Planning theories === | |||
* [[New Urbanism]] | |||
* [[Smart growth]] | |||
* [[Transit-oriented development]] | |||
=== Others === | |||
* [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]] | |||
* [[Ekistics]] | |||
* [[Settlement hierarchy]] | |||
* [[Sustainable city]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== Further reading == | |||
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Metropolis}} | |||
* [https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/aboutmetro.html Census.gov], [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], ''About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistics'' | |||
* [http://www.metroforum.com/ MetroForum.com], forum dedicated to discussions on metropolis | |||
* [https://archive.today/20121210191822/http://www.blog.ar2com.de/megalopolis/ Blog.ar2com.de], a podcast with a worldwide analysis of megacities (focus Latin America) | |||
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20091027184144/http%3A//www.e%2Dgeopolis.eu/ |title=E-geopolis.eu |date=October 27, 2009}}: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France | |||
* See [[Ronald Daus]]´s bibliography, researcher at the [[Free University of Berlin]] | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
[[Category:Urban geography]] | |||
[[Category:Demographics]] | |||
[[Category:Lists of cities]] | |||
[[Category:Greek colonization]] | |||
[[Category:Urban areas]] | |||
[[Category:Settlement geography]] | |||