.svg)
Gulzarilal Nanda: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
imported>EditWiki45 |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
| image = Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg | | image = Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| office = [[Prime Minister of India | | office = Interim [[Prime Minister of India]] | ||
| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] | | president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] | ||
| term_start = 11 January 1966 | | term_start = 11 January 1966 | ||
| Line 26: | Line 25: | ||
| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] | | successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] | ||
| office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] | | office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] | ||
| primeminister4 = ''Himself'' | | primeminister4 = ''Himself'' (Interim) | ||
| term_start4 = 27 May 1964 | | term_start4 = 27 May 1964 | ||
| term_end4 = 7 June 1964 | | term_end4 = 7 June 1964 | ||
| Line 32: | Line 31: | ||
| successor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | | successor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|7|4|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1898|7|4|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[British India]] | | birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|1|15|1898|7|4|df=y}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|1998|1|15|1898|7|4|df=y}} | ||
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]] | | death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead | | '''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Disha Experts |title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 |date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 |page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics|labour issues]]. He was the Interim [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
===Born=== | ===Born=== | ||
Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab Province of India]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family | Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab Province of India]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] Barbal(नाई) family. Sialkot became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of [[ India]] and creation of [[Pakistan]]. Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[Prayagraj]].{{citation needed|date=September 2011}} | ||
===Research worker=== | ===Research worker=== | ||
Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive. | Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref> | ||
He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=xvi|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref> | He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=xvi|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref> | ||
| Line 72: | Line 71: | ||
Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> | Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> | ||
== Prime Minister | == Interim Prime Minister == | ||
Nanda was the | Nanda was the Interim Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of first Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of second Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he was chosen as Prime Minister. The Indian Constitution has no provision of Acting Prime Minister as is widely circulated but incorrectly. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html |title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=Iloveindia.com |date=1998-01-15 |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century. | ||
== In popular culture == | == In popular culture == | ||
''A Dedicated Worker - Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA | ''A Dedicated Worker - Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA' {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 93: | Line 92: | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}} | {{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}} | ||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small> | {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small></small>|years=1964}} | ||
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}} | {{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small> | {{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small></small>|years=1964}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1964}} | {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1964}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}} | {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}} | ||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small> | {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small></small>|years=1966}} | ||
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}} | {{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small> | {{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small></small>|years=1966}} | ||
{{S-ach|rec}} | {{S-ach|rec}} | ||
{{succession box | {{succession box | ||