Lok Sabha: Difference between revisions

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

| background_color  = #005018

| election3          = 30 November 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/general-news/retired-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-secretary-in-lok-sabha.html|title=Retired IAS officer Utpal Kumar Singh appointed Secretary in Lok Sabha|date=30 November 2020|work=The Republic World|access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref>

| leader4            = [[Narendra Modi]]

| leader6_type      = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]

| leader6            = Vacant<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/17th-lok-sabha-leader-of-opposition-bjp-congress-1533766-2019-05-24 Modi government will not have Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha again] India Today</ref>

'''[[Government of India|Government]] (334)'''<br>  

'''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (334)'''

* {{colorbox|{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (301)

* {{colorbox|{{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}}} [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (16)

* {{colorbox|{{Lok Janshakti Party/meta/color}}}} [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] (6)

* {{colorbox|{{Apna Dal (Sonelal)/meta/color}}}} [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)|AD(S)]] (2)

* {{colorbox|{{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}}} [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{All Jharkhand Students Union/meta/color}}}} [[All Jharkhand Students Union|AJSU]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}} [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{National People's Party (India)/meta/color}}}} [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{Sikkim Krantikari Morcha/meta/color}}}} [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{Mizo National Front/meta/color}}}} [[Mizo National Front|MNF]] (1)

'''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] (91)'''

* {{colorbox|{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (52)

* {{colorbox|{{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (24)

* {{colorbox|{{Indian Union Muslim League/meta/color}}}} [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{Jharkhand Mukti Morcha/meta/color}}}} [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (1)

* {{colorbox|#FF8B8B}} [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] (1)

 

* {{colorbox|#8C0000}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{Telugu Desam Party/meta/color}}}} [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{Kerala Congress (M)/meta/color}}}} [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{Naga People's Front/meta/color}}}} [[Naga People's Front|NPF]] (1)

 

'''Vacant (3)'''

* {{Color box|}} Vacant (3)

 

| session_room      = New Delhi government block 03-2016 img3.jpg

The '''Lok Sabha''', or '''House of the People''', is the [[lower house]] of [[India]]'s [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], with the [[upper house]] being the [[Rajya Sabha]]. [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Members of the Lok Sabha]] are elected by an adult [[universal suffrage]] and a [[first-past-the-post]] system to represent their respective [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|constituencies]], and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the [[President of India|President]] on the advice of the [[Union Council of Ministers|council of ministers]]. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the [[Parliament House (India)|Sansad Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]].

The maximum membership of the House allotted by the [[Constitution of India]] is 552 (Initially, in 1950, it was 500). Currently, the house has 543 seats which are made up by the election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum. Between 1952 and 2020, [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|2 additional members]] of the [[Anglo-Indian]] community were also nominated by the President of India on the advice of [[Government of India]], which was abolished in January 2020 by the [[One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=livelaw.in|access-date=25 January 2020|date=23 January 2020}}</ref><ref>http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend104.pdf</ref> The Lok Sabha has a seating capacity of 550.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 May 2019|title=This is how the Seating arrangement in the Lok Sabha works|url=https://factly.in/how-is-the-seat-allotment-in-the-lok-sabha-done/|access-date=3 August 2020|website=FACTLY|language=en-US}}</ref>

An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary [[Delimitation Commission of India]] every decade based on the [[Census of India|Indian census]], last of which was conducted in [[2011 Census of India|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/807644/a-decade-from-now-three-states-will-contribute-a-third-of-lok-sabha-mps|title=A decade from now, three states will contribute a third of Lok Sabha MPs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508112100/http://scroll.in/article/807644/a-decade-from-now-three-states-will-contribute-a-third-of-lok-sabha-mps|archive-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a [[Constitution of India#amendments|constitutional amendment]] to incentivize the family planning program which was being implemented.<ref>[http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp Election Commission India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105005609/http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp|date=5 January 2007}}</ref> The [[17th Lok Sabha]] was elected in May 2019 and is the latest to date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-results-2019-at-evening-meet-pm-modi-to-chalk-out-action-plan-for-next-few-days-2042484|title=PM Modi's New Cabinet Could See Prestige Posts For Smriti Irani, Bengal|website=NDTV.com|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

 

A [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|major portion]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] was under [[British Raj|British rule]] from 1858 to 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=4|title=Indian Freedom Struggle (1857–1947) – Culture and Heritage – Know India: National Portal of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722223343/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=4|archive-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> During this period, the office of the [[Secretary of State for India]] (along with the [[Council of India]]) was the authority through whom [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of [[Viceroy of India]] was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The [[Indian Councils Act 1861]] provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The [[Indian Councils Act 1892]] established legislatures in each of the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|provinces of British India]] and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power still remained limited, and the electorate very small. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] and the [[Government of India Act 1919]] further expanded the participation of [[Indian People|Indians]] in the administration. The [[Government of India Act 1935]] introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/government-india-act-1935|title=Government of India Act of 1935 – Dictionary definition of Government of India Act of 1935 – Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=encyclopedia.com|access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India (which did not include the [[Princely States]]) into two newly independent countries, India and Pakistan, which were to be [[dominion]]s under [[the Crown]] until they had each enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion.

|+ Sessions of Lok Sabha

! Sessions

# He / She should be a citizen of India, and must subscribe before the [[Election Commission of India]], an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the [[Third Schedule]] of the [[Indian Constitution]].

# He / She should not be less than 25 years of age.

# He / She possesses other such qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].

# He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict, a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law; and

# He / She should have his/her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country.

# If he/she holds the office of profit;

# If he/she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court

# If he/she is an undischarged insolvent;

# If he/she is not a citizen of India, or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State, or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State;

# If he/she is violating party discipline (as per the Tenth schedule of the constitution); disqualified under [[Representation of the People Act (India)|Representation of People Act]].

#The expression "population" while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the [[Census of India|census]] of 1971, per the Constitutional Amendment of 1976.<ref>https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf article 81</ref>

As per ''Article 93'' of the Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]]. In the Lok Sabha, both presiding officers—the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker- are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House. No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker; the Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House. But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India. As per ''Article 94'' of the Indian Constitution, a Speaker or a Deputy Speaker should vacate his/her office, a) if he/she ceases to be a member of the House of the People, b) he/she resigns, or c) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority.

The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer. The Speaker conducts the business in the House. He/she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not. He/she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behavior by suspending them. He/she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, [[Adjournment debate|motion of adjournment]], [[motion of censure]] and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure. Following the 52nd Constitution amendment, the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection. The Speaker makes obituary references in the House, formal references to important national and international events, and the valedictory address at the conclusion of every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires. Though a member of the House, the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision. To date, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote. While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence/resignation/removal, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose. The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Secretariat/JRC.aspx|title=Lok Sabha|publisher=Lok Sabha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530124125/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Secretariat/JRC.aspx|archive-date=30 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Shri [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar|G. V. Mavalankar]] was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952 – 27 February 1956) and Shri [[M. A. Ayyangar|M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar]] was the first Deputy Speaker (30 May 1952 – 7 March 1956). In the 17th Lok Sabha, [[Om Birla]] is the current Speaker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/om-birla-appointed-lok-sabha-speaker-1551719-2019-06-19|title=Om Birla unanimously elected Lok Sabha Speaker, PM Modi heaps praises on BJP colleague|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 June 2019|date=19 June 2019}}</ref>

The Secretariat of Lok Sabha was set up pursuant to the provisions contained in Article 98 of the Constitution. The said Article, which provides for a separate secretarial staff for each House of Parliament, reads as follows:- 98. Secretariat of Parliament – Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts common to both Houses of Parliament. (2) Parliament may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of either House of Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rss_recruitment/rssecretariat.asp|title=Secretariat- as in Constitution}}</ref>

In the discharge of his constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha is assisted by the Secretary-General, who holds the rank equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. The Secretary-General, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of Secretary, Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Secretariat/Functioning.aspx|title=Set-up of the Secretariat}}</ref> Since November 2020, the Secretary-General of Lok Sabha is Utpal Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Senior IAS Officer Utpal Kumar Singh Appointed Lok Sabha Secretary General |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-2332131 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=November 30, 2020}}</ref>

<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/StatewiseList.aspx | title=Members : Lok Sabha}}</ref> See the table below for details

Members of 17th Lok Sabha by their political party (As on 29.06.2021) :

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

| rowspan="11" bgcolor="FF99933" |

| rowspan="11" |'''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''<br />Seats: '''334'''

| bgcolor=#FF99933|

| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]

| bgcolor=#003366|

| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]

| bgcolor=#66FF99|

| [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]]

| 6

| bgcolor=#50009F|

| [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)|AD(S)]]

| bgcolor=#007500|

| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]

| [[Raveendranath Kumar|Raveendranath]]

| bgcolor=#FF33FF|

| [[All Jharkhand Students Union|AJSU]]

| bgcolor=#FD4242|

| [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]]

| bgcolor=#DB7093|

| [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]

| bgcolor=#FF0000|

| [[Indra Hang Subba|I.H Subba]]

| bgcolor=#2E5694|

| [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]

| bgcolor=#9F9F9F|

| [[Independent politician|IND]]

|

| Rowspan=10 bgcolor=00BFFF|

| Rowspan=10|'''Opposition -'''  

| bgcolor=00BFFF|

| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]

| 52

| bgcolor=DD1100|

| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]

| bgcolor=00B2B2|

| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]

| bgcolor=FF5757|

| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]

| bgcolor=008000|

| [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]

| bgcolor=8A0000|

| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]

| bgcolor=00FF00|

| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]

| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]

| bgcolor=1E90FF|

| [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]]

| rowspan="17" bgcolor="#CDCDCD" |

| rowspan="17" |'''Opposition -''' '''Others'''<br />Seats: '''115'''

| bgcolor="#3CB371" |

| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]

| bgcolor="#1569C7" |

| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]

| bgcolor=#FF6634|

| [[Shiv Sena|SS]]

| 18

| bgcolor="#006400" |

| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]

| bgcolor=#22409A|

| [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]

| bgcolor="#FFC0DB" |

| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]

| bgcolor=#EE0000|

| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]

| bgcolor=#660000|

| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]

| [[A. M. Ariff]]

| bgcolor=#FFFF00|

| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]

| [[Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu|K Ram Mohan Naidu]]

| bgcolor="#24D330" |

| [[Asaduddin Owaisi|A. Owaisi]]

| bgcolor="#FF7373" |

| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]

| bgcolor="#BD710F" |

| [[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]]

| bgcolor=#5BB30E|

| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]

| bgcolor=#138808|

| [[Prajwal Revanna]]

| bgcolor=#CC9900|

| [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]

| [[Thomas Chazhikadan|T. Chazhikadan]]

| bgcolor="#990066" |

| [[Lorho S. Pfoze|L.S. Pfoze]]

| bgcolor=#DBE934|

| [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|RLP]]

| colspan="2"|'''Vacant (3)'''

| colspan=4|

*[[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]]

*[[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]]

*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]