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=== Early life === | === Early life === | ||
Swami Anand was born Himmatlal on 8 September 1887 at Shiyani village near [[Wadhwan]] to Ramchandra Dave (Dwivedi) and Parvati in Audichya Brahmin family. His father was a teacher. He was among seven siblings.<ref name=":0" /> He was brought up and educated in [[Bombay]]. At the age of ten, he left home in opposition to marriage and due to an offer by a monk to show him | Swami Anand was born Himmatlal on 8 September 1887 at Shiyani village near [[Wadhwan]] to Ramchandra Dave (Dwivedi) and Parvati in Audichya Brahmin family. His father was a teacher. He was among seven siblings.<ref name=":0" /> He was brought up and educated in [[Bombay]]. At the age of ten, he left home in opposition to marriage and due to an offer by a monk to show him God. He wandered for three years with several different monks. He took a vow of renunciation while still in his teens, took on the name Swami Anandnand and became a monk with the [[Ramakrishna Mission]]. He also lived at the [[Advaita Ashrama|Advaita Ashram]] where he studied.<ref name="books.google">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4253|title=The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)), Volume 5|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1992|isbn=9788126012213|location=New Delhi|pages=4253, 4254}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Venkatraman|first=T.|title=Discovery of Spiritual India|year=2007|publisher=lulu.com|location=Jersey City|pages=139|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd_rc7vWaEQC&q=%22Swami+Anand%22+gandhi&pg=PA139|isbn=9781435704725}}</ref><ref name="AGSI2">{{cite book|title=અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ (ગાંધીયુગ અને અનુગાંધી યુગ)|last=Brahmabhatt|first=Prasad|publisher=Parshwa Publication|year=2007|location=Ahmedabad|pages=60–63|language=gu|script-title=gu:Arvachin Gujarati Sahityano Itihas (Gandhiyug Ane Anugandhi Yug)|trans-title=History of Modern Gujarati Literature (Gandhi Era & Post-Gandhi Era)}}</ref> | ||
Anand's entry into the [[Indian independence movement]] was through his association with the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|revolutionaries of Bengal in 1905]]. Later, he worked in the ''[[Kesari (newspaper)|Kesari]]'', the Marathi newspaper founded by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], in 1907.<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name="gandhi-manibhavan">{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhicomesalive/comesalive_associates_india.htm#Swami%20Anand|title=Gandhiji's Associates in India|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> He was also involved in independence activities in rural regions. He also edited the Gujarati edition of Marathi daily ''Rashtramat'' during the same period. When it was closed down, he travelled the Himalayas in 1909. In 1912, he taught at the Hill Boys School in [[Almoda]] which was founded by [[Annie Besant]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" /> | Anand's entry into the [[Indian independence movement]] was through his association with the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|revolutionaries of Bengal in 1905]]. Later, he worked in the ''[[Kesari (newspaper)|Kesari]]'', the Marathi newspaper founded by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], in 1907.<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name="gandhi-manibhavan">{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhicomesalive/comesalive_associates_india.htm#Swami%20Anand|title=Gandhiji's Associates in India|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> He was also involved in independence activities in rural regions. He also edited the Gujarati edition of Marathi daily ''Rashtramat'' during the same period. When it was closed down, he travelled the Himalayas in 1909. In 1912, he taught at the Hill Boys School in [[Almoda]] which was founded by [[Annie Besant]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" /> | ||
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Gandhi's autobiography was serialised in the ''Navjeevan'' from 1925 to 1928. It was written by Gandhi at Swami Anand's insistence and an English translation of these chapters appeared in installments in the ''Young India'' as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE STORY OF MY EXPERIMENTS WITH TRUTH by Mohandas K. Gandhi|url=http://www.seminarpaper.com/2012/07/story-of-my-experiments-with-truth-by.html|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Autobiography|url=http://www.gandhibapu.com/templet.jsp?sno=39|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> Later, ''[[Anasakti Yoga|The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi]]'' was published based on the talks Gandhi gave at the Satyagraha Ashram in Ahmedabad in 1926.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi|isbn = 9781556439780|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C551tVjunAC|last1 = Gandhi|first1 = Mahatma|date = 15 June 2010}}</ref> Swami Anand played a role in inspiring Gandhi to write this work as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhagavad–Gita introduction by Gandhi|url=http://www.teosofia.com/gita/gita-intro-gandhi.html|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> | Gandhi's autobiography was serialised in the ''Navjeevan'' from 1925 to 1928. It was written by Gandhi at Swami Anand's insistence and an English translation of these chapters appeared in installments in the ''Young India'' as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE STORY OF MY EXPERIMENTS WITH TRUTH by Mohandas K. Gandhi|url=http://www.seminarpaper.com/2012/07/story-of-my-experiments-with-truth-by.html|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Autobiography|url=http://www.gandhibapu.com/templet.jsp?sno=39|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> Later, ''[[Anasakti Yoga|The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi]]'' was published based on the talks Gandhi gave at the Satyagraha Ashram in Ahmedabad in 1926.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi|isbn = 9781556439780|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C551tVjunAC|last1 = Gandhi|first1 = Mahatma|date = 15 June 2010}}</ref> Swami Anand played a role in inspiring Gandhi to write this work as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhagavad–Gita introduction by Gandhi|url=http://www.teosofia.com/gita/gita-intro-gandhi.html|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> | ||
He was [[Sardar Vallabhai Patel|Vallabhai Patel]]'s secretary during the [[Bardoli Satyagraha]] of 1928. In 1930, he was again jailed for three years for participating in Salt Satyagraha at [[Vile Parle]] in Bombay. When he was released in 1933, he focused on the upliftment of the tribals and the | He was [[Sardar Vallabhai Patel|Vallabhai Patel]]'s secretary during the [[Bardoli Satyagraha]] of 1928. In 1930, he was again jailed for three years for participating in Salt Satyagraha at [[Vile Parle]] in Bombay. When he was released in 1933, he focused on the upliftment of the tribals and the underprivileged. He also founded the [[Ashram]]s in Bordi in Gujarat in 1931 followed by in Thane, [[Kausani]] and [[Kosbad]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" /> He had also participated in relief work of the [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|1934 earthquake in north India]] and in the 1942 [[Quit India Movement|Quit India movement]].<ref name=":0" /> Following [[Partition of India|Partition in 1947]], he worked amongst the refugees from [[Sialkot]] and [[Haridwar district|Hardwar]].<ref name="gandhi-manibhavan" /> | ||
=== Later life === | === Later life === | ||
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His philosophical essay collections include ''Isunu Balidan'' (1922), ''Ishopnishad'', ''Ishubhagwat'' (1977), ''Lokgeeta'', ''Navla Darshan Ane Bija Lekho'' (1968), ''Manavtana Veri'' (1966), ''Anant Kala'' (1967), ''Atamna Mool'' (1967), ''Sarvoday Vicharana'' (co-written).<ref name="AGSI2" /> His ''Anant Kala'' is a meditation on nature and spirituality, while his writing also covers the [[Upanishads]] and the [[Sarvodaya Movement]] extensively.<ref name="books.google" /> These essays share views on religion and society based on the concept of ''[[Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava]]'' which he had embraced.<ref name="AGSI2" /> | His philosophical essay collections include ''Isunu Balidan'' (1922), ''Ishopnishad'', ''Ishubhagwat'' (1977), ''Lokgeeta'', ''Navla Darshan Ane Bija Lekho'' (1968), ''Manavtana Veri'' (1966), ''Anant Kala'' (1967), ''Atamna Mool'' (1967), ''Sarvoday Vicharana'' (co-written).<ref name="AGSI2" /> His ''Anant Kala'' is a meditation on nature and spirituality, while his writing also covers the [[Upanishads]] and the [[Sarvodaya Movement]] extensively.<ref name="books.google" /> These essays share views on religion and society based on the concept of ''[[Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava]]'' which he had embraced.<ref name="AGSI2" /> | ||
He also produced travelogues based on his travels in the [[Himalayas]] which were published in ''Prasthan'' magazine between 1954 and 1960 and posthumously published in ''Uttarapathni Yatra'' and ''Baraf Raste Badrinath'' (1980). His translation of [[Sven Hedin]]'s travel writing as ''Asiana Bhraman Ane Sanshodhan'' in Gujarati, | He also produced travelogues based on his travels in the [[Himalayas]] which were published in ''Prasthan'' magazine between 1954 and 1960 and posthumously published in ''Uttarapathni Yatra'' and ''Baraf Raste Badrinath'' (1980). His translation of [[Sven Hedin]]'s travel writing as ''Asiana Bhraman Ane Sanshodhan'' in Gujarati, was also published posthumously in 1979.<ref name="books.google" /><ref name="AGSI2" /> | ||
''Bachpanna Bar Varsh'' (1982) his incomplete autobiographical work. ''Juni Moodi'' (1980) is a collection of proverbs and idioms.<ref name="AGSI2" /> | ''Bachpanna Bar Varsh'' (1982) is his incomplete autobiographical work. ''Juni Moodi'' (1980) is a collection of proverbs and idioms.<ref name="AGSI2" /> | ||
Some of his other works include ''Ambavadiyun'' and ''Amaratvel'' and a compilation of correspondence between him and Gandhi's colleagues are contained in the ''Ugamani Dishano Ujas'' and ''Dhodhamar'', all edited by [[Dinkar Joshi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dinkar Joshi|url=http://dinkarjoshi.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=37|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> | Some of his other works include ''Ambavadiyun'' and ''Amaratvel'' and a compilation of correspondence between him and Gandhi's colleagues are contained in the ''Ugamani Dishano Ujas'' and ''Dhodhamar'', all edited by [[Dinkar Joshi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dinkar Joshi|url=http://dinkarjoshi.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=37|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> | ||