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[[File:Indian Opinion.png|thumb|''Indian Opinion'']] | [[File:Indian Opinion.png|thumb|''Indian Opinion'']] | ||
The '''''Indian Opinion''''' was a [[newspaper]] established by Indian lawyer | The '''''Indian Opinion''''' was a [[newspaper]] established by Indian lawyer and future anti-colonial activist [[Mahatma Gandhi|M. K. Gandhi]] (later known as the Mahatma). The publication was an important tool for the political movement led by Gandhi and the [[Natal Indian Congress]] to fight [[racial discrimination]] and again [[Civil and political rights|civil rights]] for the [[Indian South Africans|Indian community in South Africa]]. It existed between 1904 and 1915.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Mass Media|url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/cuonline/exnotif/ex4235.pdf|work=University of Calicut|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
In the 19th century, Indians [[Indian indenture system|started to be brought]] to [[South Africa]] as [[Indentured servitude|indentured servants]] to fill the growing demands of the [[Economy of South Africa|South African economy]]. Alongside various multi-ethnic communities, the Indian community suffered from significant political, economic and social discrimination, administered by a precursor of [[apartheid]]. In the aftermath of the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]], the government of Boer general [[Jan Smuts]] introduced significant restrictions on the civil rights of the Indian immigrant community, giving the police power to [[Warrant (law)|warrantless]] search, seizures and arrests. All Indians were required to carry identification and registration cards at all times. Working as a lawyer in the [[Natal Province|Natal]] province, Gandhi organized the publication in 1904 with the aim of educating European communities in South Africa about Indian needs and issues. | In the 19th century, Indians [[Indian indenture system|started to be brought]] to [[South Africa]] as [[Indentured servitude|indentured servants]] to fill the growing demands of the [[Economy of South Africa|South African economy]]. Alongside various multi-ethnic communities, the Indian community suffered from significant political, economic and social discrimination, administered by a precursor of [[apartheid]]. In the aftermath of the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]], the government of Boer general [[Jan Smuts]] introduced significant restrictions on the civil rights of the Indian immigrant community, giving the police power to [[Warrant (law)|warrantless]] search, seizures and arrests. All Indians were required to carry identification and registration cards at all times. Working as a lawyer in the [[Natal Province|Natal]] province, Gandhi organized the publication in 1904 with the aim of educating European communities in South Africa about Indian needs and issues. | ||
With the support of the [[Natal Indian Congress]], his clients and other notable Indians, Gandhi assembled a small staff and printing press. Madanjit Viyavaharik, the owner of the International Printing Press and the first issue was out on June 4, 1903, and hit the streets two days later. The newspaper was published in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]]. Mansukhlal Nazar, the secretary of the Natal Congress served as its editor and a key organiser. In 1904, Gandhi relocated the publishing office to his settlement in [[Phoenix, Durban|Phoenix]], located close to [[Durban]]. At Phoenix, the press workers were governed by a new work ethic - they would all have a share in the land, in the profits if there were any, they would grow crops to sustain themselves and they would work jointly to produce Indian Opinion. The newspaper's editors included Hebert Kitchin, Henry Polak, Albert West, [[Manilal Gandhi]], who was the paper's longest serving editor (for 36 years), and [[Sushila Gandhi]], wife of Manilal who took over after his death.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sushila-gandhi | title=Sushila Gandhi | publisher=[[South African History Project|South African History Online]] | access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> All but one of its editors spent some time in jail.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/media-and-journalism/history-indian-opinion-newspaper | title=The Significance of Indian Opinion | access-date=20 May 2012 | author=Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma}}</ref> | With the support of the [[Natal Indian Congress]], his clients and other notable Indians, Gandhi assembled a small staff and printing press. Madanjit Viyavaharik, the owner of the International Printing Press and the first issue was out on June 4, 1903, and hit the streets two days later. The newspaper was published in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]]. Mansukhlal Nazar, the secretary of the Natal Congress served as its editor and a key organiser. In 1904, Gandhi relocated the publishing office to his settlement in [[Phoenix, Durban|Phoenix]], located close to [[Durban]]. At Phoenix, the press workers were governed by a new work ethic - they would all have a share in the land, in the profits if there were any, they would grow crops to sustain themselves and they would work jointly to produce Indian Opinion. The newspaper's editors included Hebert Kitchin, [[Henry Polak]], Albert West, [[Manilal Gandhi]], who was the paper's longest serving editor (for 36 years), and [[Sushila Gandhi]], wife of Manilal who took over after his death.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sushila-gandhi | title=Sushila Gandhi | publisher=[[South African History Project|South African History Online]] | access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> All but one of its editors spent some time in jail.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/media-and-journalism/history-indian-opinion-newspaper | title=The Significance of Indian Opinion | access-date=20 May 2012 | author=Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma}}</ref> | ||
==Reports== | ==Reports== | ||