.svg)
Communal Award: Difference between revisions
The fast was started in sep '32, not '33.
>ElliAWB m (Reverted edits by Ebbedlila (talk) to last version by 2409:4063:4E06:B687:E050:336E:59CE:D3B9. requested at ANI) |
(The fast was started in sep '32, not '33.) |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
The '''Communal Award''' was created by the [[British prime minister]] [[Ramsay MacDonald]] on 16 August 1932. Also known as the MacDonald Award, it was announced after the [[Round Table Conference]] (1930–32) and extended the [[separate electorate]] to depressed Classes (now known as the [[Scheduled Caste]]) and other minorities.<ref>Barbara Metcalf; Thomas Metcalf (2006). ''A Concise History of Modern India'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 194</ref> The separate electorate was introduced in [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] for Muslims<ref>Barbara Metcalf; Thomas Metcalf (2006). ''A Concise History of Modern India'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 160-161</ref> and extended to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans by [[Government of India Act 1919]].<ref>[https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/government-of-india-act-1919-montagu-chelmsford-reforms-main-features-of-the-act-1443012001-1] 'Government-of-india-act-1919-montagu-chelmsford-reforms-main-features-of-the-act'</ref> | The '''Communal Award''' was created by the [[British prime minister]] [[Ramsay MacDonald]] on 16 August 1932. Also known as the MacDonald Award, it was announced after the [[Round Table Conference]] (1930–32) and extended the [[separate electorate]] to depressed Classes (now known as the [[Scheduled Caste]]) and other minorities.<ref>Barbara Metcalf; Thomas Metcalf (2006). ''A Concise History of Modern India'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 194</ref> The separate electorate was introduced in [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] for Muslims<ref>Barbara Metcalf; Thomas Metcalf (2006). ''A Concise History of Modern India'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 160-161</ref> and extended to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans by [[Government of India Act 1919]].<ref>[https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/government-of-india-act-1919-montagu-chelmsford-reforms-main-features-of-the-act-1443012001-1] 'Government-of-india-act-1919-montagu-chelmsford-reforms-main-features-of-the-act'</ref> | ||
The separate electorate was now available to the [[Forward Caste]], [[Muslims]], [[Buddhists]], [[Sikhs]], [[Indian Christians]], [[Anglo-Indians]], [[Europeans]] and Depressed Classes (now known as the Scheduled Caste) etc. The principle of weightage was also applied.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Helen M. |date=1979 |title=The communal award: The process of decision‐making |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=2 |issue=1-2 |pages=112–129 |doi=10.1080/00856407908722988}}</ref> Sir Samuel Hoare asked for clarification of the ninth and last paragraph that applied directly to the Depressed Classes. The Award favoured the minorities over the Hindus causing consternation and eliciting anger from Gandhi.<ref>''The Bombay Chronicle,'' 18 August 1932, in Dhananjay Keer, ''Dr.Ambedkar: Life and Mission'' (Popular Prakashan, 1971), p.204.</ref> From the fastness of Yervada Jail he made contact with the Cabinet in London declaring | The separate electorate was now available to the [[Forward Caste]], [[Muslims]], [[Buddhists]], [[Sikhs]], [[Indian Christians]], [[Anglo-Indians]], [[Europeans]] and Depressed Classes (now known as the Scheduled Caste) etc. The principle of weightage was also applied.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Helen M. |date=1979 |title=The communal award: The process of decision‐making |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=2 |issue=1-2 |pages=112–129 |doi=10.1080/00856407908722988}}</ref> Sir Samuel Hoare asked for clarification of the ninth and last paragraph that applied directly to the Depressed Classes. The Award favoured the minorities over the Hindus causing consternation and eliciting anger from Gandhi.<ref>''The Bombay Chronicle,'' 18 August 1932, in Dhananjay Keer, ''Dr.Ambedkar: Life and Mission'' (Popular Prakashan, 1971), p.204.</ref> From the fastness of Yervada Jail he made contact with the Cabinet in London declaring in September 1932 an open fast until death. | ||
The reason behind introduction of Communal Award was that Ramsay MacDonald considered himself as 'a friend of the Indians' and thus wanted to resolve the issues in India. The Communal Award was announced after the failure of the Second of the [[Round Table Conferences (India)]]. The Award attracted severe criticism from [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. | The reason behind introduction of Communal Award was that Ramsay MacDonald considered himself as 'a friend of the Indians' and thus wanted to resolve the issues in India. The Communal Award was announced after the failure of the Second of the [[Round Table Conferences (India)]]. The Award attracted severe criticism from [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. | ||