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{{Unreferenced|date=July 2018}}
{{short description|Political party in India}}
The '''Communist Party of India''', abbreviated as '''CPI''', is a [[political party]] in [[India]]. It was founded in the [[India#History|British era]] in 1925 at Kanpur. The '''Communist Party of India''' has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in '''[[Kanpur]]''', then ''Cawnpore''. S.V.Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. D. Raja is the current General Secretary of CPI.
{{other uses|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=August 2019}}
{{Original research|date=July 2020}}
{{Prose|date=August 2020}}
{{Primary sources|date=August 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
 
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name        = Communist Party of India
| abbreviation      = CPI
| party_logo        =
| flag              = [[File:CPI-banner.svg|200px]]
| colorcode        = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}
| founder          =
|general_secretary            = [[D. Raja]]
|ppchairman        = [[Binoy Viswam]]
| loksabha_leader  = [[K. Subbarayan]]
| rajyasabha_leader = [[Binoy Viswam]]
| foundation        = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1925|12|26}} 
| publication      = ''[[New Age Weekly|New Age]]''<br />''[[Mukti Sangharsh]]''<br/>''[[Janayugom]]''<br/>''[[Kalantar]]''<br/>''[[Visalaandhra]]''<br/>''[[Jana Sakthi]]''<br/>''[[Praja Paksham]]''<br/>''[[Nawan Zamana]]''<br/>[[Nua Dunia]]''<br/>''[[Janashakti]]''<br/>''[[Kembavuta]]''<br/>''[[Yugantar]]''<br/>''Kholao Thakhai''
| headquarters      = Ajoy Bhavan, 15, Indrajit Gupta Marg, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]-110002
| eci              = [[List of political parties in India#National Parties|National Party]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=21 May 2013|location=India|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024171915/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf#|archive-date=24 October 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>
| alliance          = {{hidden
|List 
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center;| [[Secular Progressive Alliance|Secular Progressive Alliance, Tamil Nadu]]<br/>[[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front, Tripura]]<br/>[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front, West Bengal]]<br/>[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front, Kerala]]<br/>[[Left Democratic Front (Maharashtra)|Left Democratic Front, Maharashtra]]<br/>[[Left Democratic Manch, Assam]]<br/>[[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan, Bihar]]<br/>[[Punjab Democratic Alliance]] }}
| loksabha_seats    = {{Composition bar|2|543|hex=#ff0000}}
| rajyasabha_seats  = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex=#FF0000}}
| ideology          = [[Communism]]<ref name="Leninism">{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Bidyut |date= 2014|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|page= 314 |isbn=978-0-199-97489-4 }}</ref><br/>[[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|title=Brief History of CPI - CPI|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209001241/https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi#|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
| position          = <!--Do not tamper with the political position of "Left-wing".-->[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref name="CPI_1">
{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests |title=Manipur: CPI State Secretary, Blogger Arrested over CAA Protests|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=24 December 2019}}
{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ |title=India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave'|work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=31 May 2019}}
{{cite book|editor= Klaus Voll, Doreen Beierlein |title=Rising India - Europe's Partner?: Foreign and Security Policy, Politics, Economics, Human Rights and Social Issues, Media, Civil Society and Intercultural Dimensions |location=[[University of Michigan]] |publisher=Mosaic Books|date=2006 |page=387 |isbn= 978-3-899-98098-1 }}</ref>
| youth            = [[All India Youth Federation]]
| women            = [[National Federation of Indian Women]]
| labour            =
* [[All India Trade Union Congress]]
* [[Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union]]
| peasants          = [[All India Kisan Sabha]]
| website          = {{url|https://www.communistparty.in/}}
| native_name      =
| native_name_lang  = 
| membership        =
| colours          = {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]
|state_seats_name  = [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislative assemblies]]
|state_seats        = {{Composition bar|21|4036|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} {{small|(Total)}}
{{hidden
  |State Legislative assemblies
  |style=text-align:center; |
{{Composition bar|17|140|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]])
{{Composition bar|2|243|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]])
{{Composition bar|2|234|hex=#DD1100}} ([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]])
}}
| state2_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]]
| state2_seats      = {{Composition bar|2|75|hex=#FF0000}}  ([[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]])
| no_states        = {{Composition bar|2|31|hex=#FF0000}}
| international    = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]
| tribal wing      =
| electoral_symbol  = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ears of Corn and Sickle.png|130px]]
|logo_size=250px|students=[[All India Students Federation]]}}
{{Communist Parties}}
<span lang="ml" dir="ltr">The</span> '''Communist Party of India''' ('''CPI''') is the oldest [[communist party]] in [[India]] and one of the eight [[List of political parties in India#National Parties|national parties]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/category/267-recognized-national-parties/|title=Recognized National Parties|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> The CPI was founded in [[Kanpur]] on 26 December 1925.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html|title=Foundation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925: product of (...) - Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|title=Origins of Indian communism|first=A. G.|last=NOORANI|website=Frontline}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
===Formation===
===Formation===
The Communist Party of [[India]] was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, which was then known as Cawnpore. S.V. Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI.<ref>http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html</ref> There were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world, Tashkent group of Contacts were made with Anushilan and Jugantar the groups in Bengal, and small communist groups were formed in Bombay (led by S.A. Dange), Madras (led by Singaravelu Chettiar), United Provinces (led by Shaukat Usmani), [[Punjab]], Sindh (led by Ghulam Hussain) and Bengal (led by Muzaffar Ahmed).<ref>https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece</ref>
{{main|Foundation Conference of Communist Party of India}}
The Communist Party of India was formed on 26 December 1925 at the [[Foundation Conference of Communist Party of India|first Party Conference]] in [[Kanpur]], which was then known as ''Cawnpore''. [[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate|S.V. Ghate]] was the first General Secretary of CPI. There were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world, Tashkent group of Contacts were made with [[Anushilan]] and [[Jugantar]] the groups in [[Bengal]], and small communist groups were formed in [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] (led by [[S.A. Dange]]), [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] (led by [[Malayapuram Singaravelu Chettiar|Singaravelu Chettiar]]), [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] (led by [[Shaukat Usmani]]), [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Sindh]] (led by [[Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah|Ghulam Hussain]]) and [[Bengal]] (led by [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]]).


===Involvement in independence struggle===
===Involvement in independence struggle===
During the 1920s and the early 1930s the party was badly organised, and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national co-ordination. The British colonial authorities had banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party very difficult. Between 1921 and 1924 there were three conspiracy trials against the communist movement; First Peshawar Conspiracy Case, Meerut Conspiracy Case and the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case. In the first three cases, Russian-trained muhajir communists were put on trial. However, the Cawnpore trial had more political impact. On 17 March 1924, Shripad Amrit Dange, M.N. Roy, Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, Singaravelu Chettiar, Ghulam Hussain and R.C. Sharma were charged, in Cawnpore (now spelt Kanpur) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific pip charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution." Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned, on such a large scale, about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India.<ref>http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html</ref>
During the 1920s and the early 1930s the party was badly organised, and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national co-ordination. The British colonial authorities had banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party very difficult. Between 1921 and 1924 there were three conspiracy trials against the communist movement; First [[Peshawar Conspiracy Case]], [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]] and the [[S.A. Dange#Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case|Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case]]. In the first three cases, [[Russians|Russian]]-trained muhajir communists were put on trial. However, the Cawnpore trial had more political impact. On 17 March 1924, [[Shripad Amrit Dange]], [[M.N. Roy]], Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, [[Malayapuram Singaravelu|Singaravelu Chettiar]], Ghulam Hussain and R.C. Sharma were charged, in Cawnpore (now spelt Kanpur) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific pip charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution." Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned, on such a large scale, about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P.">Ralhan, O.P. (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties'' New Delhi: Anmol Publications p. 336, Rao. p. 89-91.</ref>
 
Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M.N. Roy was in [[Germany]] and R.C. Sharma in French [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondichéry]], and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from the Russians in [[Kabul]] and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment. This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to a larger Indian audience.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> Dange was released from prison in 1927. Rahul Dev Pal was a prominent communist leader
 
On 25 December 1925 a communist conference was organised in Kanpur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Moments in Kanpur|url=http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821203425/http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html#|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> Colonial authorities estimated that 500 persons took part in the conference. The conference was convened by a man called [[Satya Bhakta]]. At the conference Satyabhakta argued for a '[[National communism]]' and against subordination under Comintern. Being outvoted by the other delegates, Satyabhakta left the conference venue in protest.  The conference adopted the name 'Communist Party of India'. Groups such as [[Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan]] (LKPH) dissolved into the CPI.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 92-93</ref> The émigré CPI, which probably had little organic character anyway, was effectively substituted by the organisation now operating inside India.
 
Soon after the 1926 conference of the [[Workers and Peasants Party]] of Bengal, the underground CPI directed its members to join the provincial Workers and Peasants Parties. All open communist activities were carried out through Workers and Peasants Parties.<ref>M.V. S. Koteshwar Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 111</ref>
 
The sixth congress of the Communist International met in 1928. In 1927 the [[Kuomintang]] had turned on the Chinese communists, which led to a review of the policy on forming alliances with the national bourgeoisie in the colonial countries. The Colonial theses of the 6th Comintern congress called upon the Indian communists to combat the 'national-reformist leaders' and to 'unmask the national reformism of the [[Indian National Congress]] and oppose all phrases of the Swarajists, Gandhists, etc. about passive resistance'.<ref name="saha">Saha, Murari Mohan (ed.), ''Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party: Volume One 1938–1947''. Agartala: Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society, 2001. p. 21-25</ref> The congress did however differentiate between the character of the Chinese Kuomintang and the Indian [[Swaraj Party|Swarajist Party]], considering the latter as neither a reliable ally nor a direct enemy. The congress called on the Indian communists to utilise the contradictions between the national bourgeoisie and the British imperialists.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 47-48</ref> The congress also denounced the WPP. The Tenth Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, 3 July 1929{{spaced ndash}}19 July 1929, directed the Indian communists to break with WPP. When the communists deserted it, the WPP fell apart.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 97-98, 111–112</ref>
 
[[File:Meerut prisoners outside the jail.jpg|thumb|350px| Portrait of 25 of the [[Meerut]] Prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): [[K. N. Sehgal]], [[Sohan Singh Josh|S. S. Josh]], [[Lester Hutchinson|H. L. Hutchinson]], [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Benjamin Francis Bradley|B. F. Bradley]], [[A. Prasad]], [[Philip Spratt|P. Spratt]], [[G. Adhikari]]. Middle Row: [[Radharaman Mitra]], [[Gopen Chakravarti]], [[Kishori Lal Ghosh]], [[L. R. Kadam]], [[D. R. Thengdi]], [[Goura Shanker]], [[Shibnath Bannerjee|S. Bannerjee]], [[K.N. Joglekar]], [[P. C. Joshi]], [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]]. Front Row: [[M. G. Desai]], [[Dharani Goswami|D. Goswami]], [[R.S. Nimbkar]], [[S.S. Mirajkar]], [[S.A. Dange]], [[S.V. Ghate]], [[Gopal Basak]].]]
On 20 March 1929, arrests against WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India, in what became known as the Meerut Conspiracy Case. The communist leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years.<ref>Ralhan, O.P. (ed.). ''Encyclopaedia of Political Parties – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh – National -Regional – Local. Vol. 23. Revolutionary Movements (1930–1946)''. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 689-691</ref><ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 96</ref>
 
As of 1934, the main centres of activity of CPI were Bombay, Calcutta and Punjab. The party had also begun extending its activities to Madras. A group of Andhra and Tamil students, amongst them [[P. Sundarayya]], were recruited to the CPI by [[Dada Amir Haider Khan|Amir Hyder Khan]].<ref name="ems7">[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 7</ref>
 
The party was reorganised in 1933, after the communist leaders from the Meerut trials were released. A central committee of the party was set up. In 1934 the party was accepted as the Indian section of the Communist International.<ref>[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet]]. ''March of the Communist Movement in India – An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India''. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 25</ref>
 
When Indian left-wing elements formed the [[Congress Socialist Party]] in 1934, the CPI branded it as [[Social fascism|Social Fascist]].<ref name="saha"/>
 
The [[League Against Gandhism]], initially known as the Gandhi Boycott Committee, was a political organisation in [[Calcutta]], founded by the underground Communist Party of India and others to launch militant [[Anti-imperialism|anti-Imperialist]] activities. The group took the name ‘League Against Gandhism’ in 1934.<ref>Roy Subodh, Communism in India – Unpublished Documents 1925-1934. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 338-339, 359-360</ref>
 
In connection with the change of policy of the [[Comintern]] toward [[Popular Front]] politics, the Indian communists changed their relation to the Indian National Congress. The communists joined the Congress Socialist Party, which worked as the left-wing of Congress. Through joining CSP, the CPI accepted the CSP demand for a Constituent Assembly, which it had denounced two years before. The CPI however analysed that the demand for a Constituent Assembly would not be a substitute for [[soviet (council)|soviets]].<ref name="mnroy">Roy, Samaren. ''M.N. Roy: A Political Biography''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Orient Longman, 1998. p. 113, 115</ref>
 
In July 1937, clandestine meeting held at [[Kozhikode|Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224225.ece|title=A man and a movement|first=R. KRISHNAKUMAR in|last=Thiruvananthapuram|website=Frontline}}</ref> Five persons were present at the meeting, [[P. Krishna Pillai]], [[K. Damodaran]], [[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]], N.C. Sekhar and [[S.V. Ghate]].
The first four were members of the CSP in Kerala. The CPI in [[Kerala]] was formed in 31 December 1939 with the Pinarayi Conference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/founders-98.php?n=1|title=Founders|website=CPIM Kerala}}</ref>
The latter, Ghate, was a CPI Central Committee member, who had arrived from Madras.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 6</ref> Contacts between the CSP in Kerala and the CPI had begun in 1935, when P. Sundarayya (CC member of CPI, based in Madras at the time) met with EMS and Krishna Pillai. Sundarayya and Ghate visited Kerala at several times and met with the CSP leaders there. The contacts were facilitated through the national meetings of the Congress, CSP and [[All India Kisan Sabha]].<ref name="ems7"/>
 
In 1936–1937, the co-operation between socialists and communists reached its peak. At the 2nd congress of the CSP, held in [[Meerut]] in January 1936, a thesis was adopted which declared that there was a need to build 'a united Indian Socialist Party based on [[Marxism-Leninism]]'.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 44</ref> At the 3rd CSP congress, held in [[Faizpur]], several communists were included into the CSP National Executive Committee.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 45</ref>
 
In Kerala communists won control over CSP, and for a brief period controlled Congress there.
 
Two communists, E.M.S. Namboodiripad and [[Z.A. Ahmed]], became All India joint secretaries of CSP. The CPI also had two other members inside the CSP executive.<ref name="mnroy"/>
 
On the occasion of the 1940 Ramgarh Congress Conference CPI released a declaration called ''Proletarian Path'', which sought to utilise the weakened state of the British Empire in the time of war and gave a call for [[general strike]], no-tax, no-rent policies and mobilising for an armed revolutionary uprising. The National Executive of the CSP assembled at [[Ramgarh Cantonment|Ramgarh]] took a decision that all communists were expelled from CSP.<ref>Ralhan, O.P. (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh – National -Regional – Local. Vol. 24. Socialist Movement in India''. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. p. 82</ref>
 
In July 1942, the CPI was legalised, as a result of Britain and the Soviet Union becoming allies against Nazi Germany.<ref>[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet]]. ''March of the Communist Movement in India – An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India''. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 55</ref> Communists strengthened their control over the All India Trade Union Congress. At the same time, communists were politically cornered for their opposition to the [[Quit India Movement]].
 
CPI contested the Provincial Legislative Assembly elections of 1946 of its own. It had candidates in 108 out of 1585 seats. It won in eight seats. In total the CPI vote counted 666 723, which should be seen with the backdrop that 86% of the adult population of India lacked voting rights. The party had contested three seats in Bengal, and won all of them. One CPI candidate, [[Somnath Lahiri]], was elected to the Constituent Assembly.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 207.</ref>
 
The Communist Party of India [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]] and did not participate in the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] celebrations of 15 August 1947 in protest of the division of the country.<ref name="Bandyopadhyay2009">{{cite book |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Sekhar |title=Decolonization in South Asia: Meanings of Freedom in Post-independence West Bengal, 1947–52 |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-01823-9 |language=en |quote=As a protest against Partition, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Communist Party of India (CPI) did not participate in the celebrations of 15 August.}}</ref>
 
===After independence===
[[File:Armed_peasants_-_Telangana_armed_struggle.jpg|thumb|The [[Telangana armed struggle]] (1946–1952), was a peasant rebellion by communists against the feudal lords of the Telangana region in the princely state of Hyderabad. ]]
[[File:Telangana_Armed_Struggle_guerrillas.jpg|thumb|Guerrillas of the Telangana armed struggle]]
[[File:A Communist Party camp in Karol Bagh, Delhi, 1952.jpg|thumb|CPI election campaign in [[Karol Bagh]], [[Delhi]], for the [[1952 Indian general election]].
[[File:Kerala_Council_of_Ministers_1957_EMS.jpg|thumb|First Council of Ministers, First CPI Ministry in Kerala]].]]
During the period around and directly following Independence in 1947, the internal situation in the party was chaotic. The party shifted rapidly between left-wing and right-wing positions. In February 1948, at the [[Second Party Congress of the Communist Party of India|2nd Party Congress]] in Calcutta, [[B. T. Ranadive]] (BTR) was elected General Secretary of the party.<ref>Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). ''India after Independence 1947–2000'', New Delhi:Penguin, {{ISBN|0-14-027825-7}}, p.204</ref> The conference adopted the 'Programme of Democratic Revolution'. This programme included the first mention of struggle against [[caste]] injustice in a CPI document.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/april01/artcj.pdf|title=Page d'accueil - Sciences Po CERI|access-date=12 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227153210/http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/april01/artcj.pdf#|archive-date=27 February 2008|url-status = live}}</ref>
 
In several areas the party led armed struggles against a series of local monarchs that were reluctant to give up their power. Such insurgencies took place in [[Tripura]], [[Telangana]] and [[Kerala]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} The most important [[Telangana Rebellion|rebellion took place in Telangana]], against the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]]. The Communists built up a people's army and militia and controlled an area with a population of three million. The rebellion was brutally crushed and the party abandoned the policy of armed struggle. BTR was deposed and denounced as a 'left adventurist'.
 
In [[Manipur]], the party became a force to reckon with through the agrarian struggles led by [[Hijam Irabot|Jananeta Irawat Singh]]. Singh had joined CPI in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp|title=The Telegraph - Calcutta : Northeast|access-date=6 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014070444/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp#|archive-date=14 October 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> At the 1951 congress of the party, 'People's Democracy' was substituted by 'National Democracy' as the main slogan of the party.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 273</ref>
 
Communist Party was founded in Bihar in 1939. Post independence, communist party achieved success in Bihar (Bihar and Jharkhand). Communist party conducted movements for land reform, trade union movement was at its peak in Bihar in the sixties, seventies and eighties. Achievement of communists in Bihar placed the communist party in the forefront of left movement in India.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Bihar produced some of the legendary leaders like Kishan leaders [[Sahajanand Saraswati]] and [[Karyanand Sharma]], intellectual giants like [[Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]], [[Yogendra Sharma]] and [[Indradeep Sinha]], mass leaders like [[Chandrasekhar Singh]] and [[Sunil Mukherjee]], Trade Union leaders like Kedar Das and others.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} It was in Bihar that JP's total revolution was exposed and communist party under the leadership of Jagannath Sarkar fought Total Revolution and exposed its hollowness. "Many Streams" Selected Essays by Jagannath Sarkar and Reminiscing Sketches, Compiled by Gautam Sarkar, Edited by Mitali Sarkar, First Published : May 2010, Navakaranataka Publications Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore . In the Mithila region of Bihar Bhogendra Jha led the fight against the Mahants and Zamindars. He later went on the win Parliamentary elections and was MP for seven terms.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
In early 1950s young communist leadership was uniting textile workers, bank employees and unorganised sector workers to ensure mass support in north India. National leaders like [[S A Dange]], [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] and [[P K Vasudevan Nair]] were encouraging them and supporting the idea despite their differences on the execution. Firebrand Communist leaders like [[Homi F. Daji]], [[Guru Radha Kishan]], H L Parwana, [[Sarjoo Pandey]], Darshan Singh Canadian and Avtaar Singh Malhotra were emerging between the masses and the working class in particular.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} This was the first leadership of communists that was very close to the masses and people consider them champions of the cause of the workers and the poor. In Delhi, May Day (majdoor diwas or '''mai diwas''') was organised at Chandni Chowk Ghantaghar in such a manner that demonstrates the unity between all the factions of working classes and ignite the passion for communist movement in the northern part of India.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
In 1952, CPI became the first leading opposition party in the Lok Sabha, while the Indian National Congress was in power.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
Communist movement or CPI in particular emerged as a front runner after [[Guru Radha Kishan]] undertook a fast unto death for 24 days to promote the cause of textile workers in Delhi. Till than it was a public misconception that communists are revolutionaries with arms in their hands and workers and their families were afraid to get associated with the communists but this act mobilised general public in the favour of communist movement as a whole. During this period people with their families used to visit 'dharna sthal' to encourage CPI cadre.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
This model of selflessness for the society worked for the CPI far more than what was expected. This trend was followed by almost all other state units of the party in the Hindi heartland. Communist Party related trade union [[AITUC]] became a prominent force to unite the workers in textile, municipal and unorganised sectors, the first labour union in unorganised sector was also emerged in the leadership of Comrade Guru Radha Kishan during this period in Delhi's Sadar Bazaar area.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} This movement of mass polarisation of workers in the favour of CPI worked effectively in Delhi and paved the way for great success of CPI in the elections in working class dominated areas in Delhi. Comrade [[Gangadhar Adhikari]] and E.M.S. Namboodiripad applauded this brigade of dynamic comrades for their selfless approach and organisational capabilities. This brigade of firebrand communists gained more prominence when Telangana hero [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] to be General Secretary of the Communist Party of India.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
In the [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]], Communist Party was banned, so it couldn't take part in the election process.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776:history-of-kerala-legislature | title=History of Kerala Legislature | work=Government of Kerala | access-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101549/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776%3Ahistory-of-kerala-legislature | archive-date=6 October 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the general elections in 1957, the CPI emerged as the largest opposition party. In 1957, the CPI won the state elections in Kerala. This was the first time that an opposition party won control over an Indian state. [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] became Chief Minister. At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the [[Communist Party of China]] directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala.<ref>Basu, Pradip. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. [[Calcutta]]: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 32.</ref>
 
''[[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Liberation of Dadra-Nagar Haveli]]'':
The Communist Party of India, along with its units in Bombay, Maharashtra and Gujarat, decided to start armed operations in the area in the July 1954. Both the areas were liberated by the beginning of August. Communist leaders like Narayan Palekar, Parulekar, Vaz, Rodriguez, Cunha and others emerged as the famous Communist leaders of this movement. Thereafter, the struggle to liberate [[Daman and Diu]] was begun by the Communist Party in Gujarat and other forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/Revisiting-Goa-Liberation-Story-59th-Independence-Day|title=Revisiting Goa's Liberation Story on its 59th Independence Day|date=18 December 2020}}</ref>
 
''[[Goa liberation movement|Goa Satyagraha]]'':
The countrywide Goa satyagraha of 1955-56 is among the unforgettable pages in the history of freedom struggle, in which the Communists played a major and memorable role. The CPI decided to send batches of satyahrahis since the middle of 1955 to the borders of Goa and even inside. Many were killed, many more others arrested and sent to jails inside Goa and inhumanly treated. Many others were even sent to jails in Portugal and were brutally tortured.
The satyagraha was led and conducted by a joint committee known as Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti. S.A. Dange, Senapati Bapat, S.G. Sardesai, Nana Patil and several others were among the prominent leaders of the Samiti. Satyagraha began on 10 May 1955, and soon became a countrywide movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mainstreamweekly.net/article3273.html|title = Goa — the Liberators and the Lesson - Mainstream}}</ref>
 
Ideological differences led to the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|split in the party in 1964]] when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
 
During the period 1970–77, CPI was allied with the Congress party. In Kerala, they formed a government together with Congress, with the CPI-leader [[C. Achutha Menon]] as Chief Minister. After the fall of the regime of [[Indira Gandhi]], CPI reoriented itself towards co-operation with CPI(M).{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
In the 1980s, CPI opposed the [[Khalistan movement]] at Punjab.
In 1986, CPI's leader in Punjab and MLA in the Punjabi legislature [[Darshan Singh Canadian]] was assassinated by Sikh extremists. Altogether about 200 communist leaders out of which most were Sikhs were killed by Sikh extremists in Punjab.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}
 
==Present situation==
[[File:Communist Parties of India in states.png|thumb|350px|
Communist Party of India (CPI) and CPI-M regional control. 
{{legend|#FF0000|State/s which had a chief minister from the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FF6262|State/s which had a chief minister from the CPI-M.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FF0080|State/s which had chief ministers from both the CPI-M and the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#C0C0C0|States which did not have/had a chief minister from the CPI-M or the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FFFFFF|Union territories without a state government.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}]]
[[File:Cpipkvtvnd (87).JPG|thumb|Mural in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]]]CPI was recognised by the [[Election Commission of India]] as a 'National Party'. To date, CPI happens to be the only national political party from India to have contested all the general elections using the same [[electoral symbol]]. Owing to a massive defeat in [[2019 Indian general election]] where the party saw its tally reduce to 2 MP, the Election Commission of India has sent a letter to CPI asking for reasons why its national party status should not be revoked.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BSP-CPI-NCP-get-to-retain-national-status-for-now/articleshow/53819419.cms|title=BSP, CPI, NCP get to retain national status, for now - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412014828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BSP-CPI-NCP-get-to-retain-national-status-for-now/articleshow/53819419.cms#|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-may-lose-national-party-status/articleshow/52370325.cms|title=CPM may lose national party status - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117143649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-may-lose-national-party-status/articleshow/52370325.cms#|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-ncp-and-cpi-may-lose-national-party-status/story-QTvg2iWonkSWbtxN57xd5I.html|title=BSP, NCP and CPI may lose national party status|date=11 August 2014|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133233/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-ncp-and-cpi-may-lose-national-party-status/story-QTvg2iWonkSWbtxN57xd5I.html#|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Reprieve-for-BSP-CPI-as-EC-amends-rules/article14583806.ece|title=Reprieve for BSP, CPI as EC amends rules|date=23 August 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 November 2017|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ec-might-strip-national-party-status-from-bsp-ncp-cpi-1475727.html|title=EC might strip national party status from BSP, NCP, CPI|work=oneindia.com|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132759/https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ec-might-strip-national-party-status-from-bsp-ncp-cpi-1475727.html#|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref> If similar performance is repeated in the next election, the CPI will no longer be a [[List of political parties in India#National|national party]].
 
On the national level they supported the Indian National Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] government along with other parliamentary Left parties, but without taking part in it. Upon attaining power in May 2004, the United Progressive Alliance formulated a programme of action known as the [[Common Minimum Programme]]. The Left bases its support to the UPA on strict adherence to it. Provisions of the CMP mentioned to discontinue [[disinvestment]], massive social sector outlays and an independent foreign policy.
 
On 8 July 2008, the General Secretary of CPI(M), [[Prakash Karat]], announced that the Left was withdrawing its support over the decision by the government to go ahead with the [[United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act]]. The Left parties combination had been a staunch advocate of not proceeding with this deal citing national interests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807081550.htm|title=The Hindu News Update Service|date=1 August 2008|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801185533/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807081550.htm|archive-date=1 August 2008}}</ref>
 
In [[West Bengal]] it participates in the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]. It also participated in the state government in Manipur. In Kerala the party is part of [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]. In [[Tripura]] the party is a partner of the [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]], which governed the state till 2018. In [[Tamil Nadu]] it is part of the [[Democratic Progressive Alliance]]. It is involved in the [[Left Democratic Front in Maharashtra]]. The current general secretary of CPI is [[D. Raja]].
 
==Presence in states==
As of 2020, the CPI is a part of the state government in [[Kerala]]. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] is Chief Minister of Kerala. CPI have 4 Cabinet Ministers in Kerala. In [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]] it is in power with [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]] coalition led by [[M. K. Stalin]]. The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] governed [[West Bengal]] for 34 years (1977–2011) and [[Tripura]] for 25 years (1993–2018)
 
===State Governments===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |S.No
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |State/
! rowspan="2" |Govt Since
! colspan="6" rowspan="1" |Chief Minister
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Alliance
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" | Coalition Seats in Assembly
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Last election
|-
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Seats
!Since
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" |26 May 2016
|[[File:Pinarayi.JPG|frameless|150x150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |62
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|26 May 2016]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|{{Composition bar|99|140|hex={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}}]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align: center;" |7 May 2021
|[[File:M K Stalinn.jpg|frameless|150x150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[M. K. Stalin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| style="text-align: center;" |133
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|7 May 2021]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Secular Progressive Alliance]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|{{Composition bar|159|234|hex={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|}
{{hidden
  |Seats in [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]] 
  |headerstyle=background:#ccccff
  |style=text-align:center; |     
{{Composition bar|17|140|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Kerala Legislative Assembly]])
{{Composition bar|2|243|hex=#FF0000}}([[Bihar Legislative Assembly]])
{{Composition bar|2|234|hex=#DD1100}}([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]])
}}
 
{{hidden
      |Seats in [[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Councils]] 
  |headerstyle=background:#ccccff
  |style=text-align:center; | 
{{Composition bar|2|75|hex=#FF0000}}  ([[Bihar Legislative Council]])
}}
 
== List of Members of Parliament ==
=== List of Rajya Sabha (Upper House) members ===
{{main|List of Rajya Sabha members}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | №
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Name
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | State
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Date of Appointment
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Date of Retirement
|-
!1
|[[Binoy Viswam]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts|02-Jul-2018}}
|{{dts|01-Jul-2024}}
|-
|}
 
=== List of Lok Sabha (Lower House) members ===
{{main|List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | №
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Name
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Constituency
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | State
|-
!1
|[[K. Subbarayan]]
|[[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
!2
|[[M. Selvarasu]]
|[[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|}
 
==Leadership==
 
The following are the members of the Central Control Commission, National Council and Candidate Members to National Council, National Executive, National Secretariat and Party Programme Commission were elected at the 23rd Party Congress of Communist Party of India held from 25 to 29 April 2018 in Kollam, Kerala.<ref name="Leadership">{{Cite web|url=https://www.communistparty.in/blank-1|title=Leadership|website=CPI Official Copy}}</ref>
 
===General Secretary===
*[[D. Raja]]
 
===National Secretariat===
 
#[[S. Sudhakar Reddy]]
#[[D. Raja]]
#[[Atul Kumar Anjaan]]
#[[Amarjeet Kaur (Politician)|Amarjeet Kaur]]
#[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]]
#K. Narayana
#[[Kanam Rajendran]]
#[[Binoy Viswam]]
#Bhalchandra Kango
#Pallab Sen Gupta
 
===National Executive===
 
#[[S. Sudhakar Reddy]]
#[[D. Raja]]
#[[Atul Kumar Anjaan]]
#[[Amarjeet Kaur (Politician)|Amarjeet Kaur]]
#[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]]
#K. Narayana
#[[Kanam Rajendran]]
#[[Binoy Viswam]]
#Bhalchandra Kango
#Pallab Sengupta
#[[Nagendra Nath Ojha]]
#Girish Sharma
#[[Annie Raja]]
#[[Syed Azeez Pasha|Azeez Pasha]]
#[[K. Ramakrishna]]
#[[Satyanarayan Singh (Bihar politician, died 2020)|Satya Narayan Singh]]
#Janaki Paswan
#[[Ram Naresh Pandey]]
#[[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta]]
#[[K.E. Ismail]]
#[[Moirangthem Nara]]
#Dibakar Naik
#[[:ta:இரா. முத்தரசன்|R. Mutharasan]]
#C. Mahendran
# [[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
#[[K. Subbarayan]]
#Swapan Banerjee
#Bant Singh Brar
#[[Munin Mahanta]]
#C.H. Venkatachalam
Ex-Officio Members
#[[Pannyan Raveendran|Pannian Ravindran]] (Chairperson, Central Control Commission)
Invitees
#Rama Krushna Panda
#[[Manish Kunjam]]
 
===National Council Members===
 
Members from Centre:
*[[S. Sudhakar Reddy]]
*[[D. Raja]]
*[[Atul Kumar Anjaan]]
*[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]]
*[[Amarjeet Kaur (Politician)|Amarjeet Kaur]]
*K. Narayana
*[[Nagendra Nath Ojha]]
*Bhalchandra Kango
*[[Binoy Viswam]]
*Pallab Sengutpa
*[[Syed Azeez Pasha|Azeez Pasha]]
*[[Annie Raja]] - Women Front
*CH Venkatachalam - Bank Front
*B.V. Vijaylakshmi - TU Front
*S. V. Damle - TU Front
*Vidyasagar Giri - TU Front
*R.S. Yadav - Mukti Sangharsh
*Manish Kunjam - Tribal Front
*C. Srikumar - Defence
*Gargi Chakravarthy - Women Front
*Anil Rajimwale - Education Department
*Viswajeet Kumar - Student Front
*R. Thirumalai - Youth Front
*A.A. Khan - Minority Front
Andhra Pradesh
*K. Ramakrishna
*M.N. Rao
*J.V.S.N. Murthy
*Jalli Wilson
*Akkineni Vanaja
Assam
*[[Munin Mahanta]]
*Kanak Gogoi
Bihar
*[[Ram Naresh Pandey]]
*Janki Paswan
*Jabbar Alam
*Rajendra Prasad Singh
*Rageshri Kiran
*Om Prakash Narayan
*Pramod Prabhakar
*Ram Chandra Singh
*Nivedita
Chhattisgarh
*R.D.C.P. Rao
*Rama Sori
Delhi
*Dhirendra K. Sharma
*Prof. Dinesh Varshney
Goa
*Chirstopher Fonseca
Gujarat
*Raj Kumar Singh
*Vijay Shenmare
Haryana
*Dariyao  Singh Kashyap
Himachal Pradesh
*Shayam Singh Chauhan
Jharkhand
*[[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta|Bhubaneshwar Prasad Mehta]]
*K.D. Singh
*Rajendra Prasad Yadav
*Mahendra Pathak
Jammu and Kashmir
Vacant
Karnataka
*P.V. Lokesh
*Saathi Sundaresh
Kerala
*[[Kanam Rajendran]]
*[[K.E. Ismail]]
*[[K. Prekash Babu]]
*[[E. Chandrasekharan]]
*Adv. P. Vasantham
*T.V. Balan
*[[C.N. Jayadevan]]
*[[K.P. Rajendran]]
*[[J. Chinchu Rani]]
*[[N. Anirudhan]]
*[[N. Rajan]]
Manipur
*[[Moirangthem Nara]]
*L. Sotin Kumar
Meghalaya
*Samudra Gupta
Maharashtra
*Tukaram Bhasme
*Namdev Gavade
*Ram Baheti
*Prakash Reddy
Madhya Pradesh
*Arvind Shrivastava
*Haridwar Singh
Odisha
*Dibakar Nayak
*Ashish Kanungo
*[[Abhaya Sahu]]
*Ramakrushna Panda
*[[Souribandhu Kar]]
Puducherry
*A. M. Saleem
*A. Ramamoorthy
Punjab
*Bant Singh Brar
*Jagrup Singh
*Hardev Singh Arshi
*Nirmal Singh Dhaliwal
*Jagjit Singh Joga
Rajasthan
*Narendra Acharya
*Tara Singh Sidhu
 
Tamil Nadu
*[[R. Nallakannu|R. Nallakkannu]]
*[[D. Pandian]]
*[[:ta:இரா. முத்தரசன்|R. Mutharasan]]
*C. Mahendran
*[[K. Subbarayan]]
*M. Veerapandian
*T.M. Murthi
*G. Palaniswamy
*P. Padmavathi
*P. Sethuraman
Telangana
*[[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
*Palla Venkat Reddy
*K. Sambasiva Rao
*Pasya Padma
*K. Srinivas Reddy
*K. Shanker
*T. Srinivas Rao
Tripura
*Ranjit Majumdar
 
Uttar Pradesh
*Girish Sharma
*Arvind Raj Swarup
*Imtiyaz Ahmed
*Prof. Nisha Rathor
*Ram Chand Saras
Uttarakhand
*Samar Bhandari
West Bengal
*Swapan Banerjee
*Manju Kumar Mazumdar
*[[Santosh Rana (CPI)|Santosh Rana]]
*Shyama Sree Das
*Ujjawal Chaudhury
*Chittaranjan Das Thakur
*Prabir Deb
*Tarun Das
Candidate Members
*Prof. Arun Kumar
*N. Chidambaram
*Arun Mitra
*M. Bal Narsima
*Mithlesh Jha
*Suhaas Naik
*Mahesh Kakkath
*Kh. Surchand Singh
*Richard B. Thabah
*G. Obulesu
*Vicky Mahesari
*Shuvam Banerjee
Invitee Members
*Bhupender Sambar
*Periyaswamy
*Gulzar Singh Goria
*Aruna Sinha
*Asomi Gogoi
*Kannagi
*Usha Sahani
*Indra Mani Devi
*Durga Bhavani
*[[R. C. Singh]]
*Amiya Kumar Mohanty
 
===Central Control Commission===
#[[Pannian Ravindran]] (Chairman)
#[[C. A. Kurian]]
#Dr  Joginder Dayal (Punjab)
#C.R. Bakshi (Chhattisgarh)
#P.J.C. Rao (Andhra Pradesh)
#Bijoy Narayan Mishra (Bihar)
#Moti Lal (Uttar Pradesh)
#M. Sakhi Devi (Tripura)
#T. Narsimhan (Telangana)
#[[M. Arumugham]] (Tamil Nadu)
#Apurba Mandal (West Bengal)
 
===Party Programme Commission===
#Pallab Sen Gupta
#Prekash Babu
#C.R. Bakshi
#[[Moirangthem Nara]]
#Anil Rajimwale
 
===State Council secretaries===
''Sources''<ref name="Leadership"/>
*Andhra Pradesh : K.Ramakrishna
*Assam : [[Munin Mahanta]]
*Bihar : [[Ram Naresh Pandey]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=CPI, CPI(M) to forge electoral tie-up with Grand Alliance in Bihar |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/26/cpi-cpim-to-forge-electoral-tie-up-with-grand-alliance-in-bihar.html |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=The Week |date=26 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*Chhattisgarh : RDCP Rao
*Delhi :Prof.Dinesh Varshney
*Goa : RD Mangueshkar
*Gujarat : Rajkumar Singh
*Haryana : Dariyao Singh Kashyap
*Himachal Pradesh : Shayam Singh Chauhan
*Jharkhand : [[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta]]
*Kerala : [[Kanam Rajendran]]
*Karnataka : Saathi Sundaresh
*Maharashtra : Prakash Reddy
*Madhya Pradesh : Arvind Shrivastava
*Manipur : L. Sotin Kumar
*Meghalaya : Samudra Gupta
*Odisha : Ashish Kanungo
*Puducherry : A. M. Saleem
*Punjab : Bant Singh Brar
*Rajasthan : Narendra Acharya
*Tamil Nadu : [[:ta:இரா. முத்தரசன்|R. Mutharasan]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mutharasan, CPI State secretary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/mutharasan-cpi-state-secretary/article6947451.ece |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=1 March 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mutharasan Elected as the CPI State Secretary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2015/mar/01/Mutharasan-Elected-as-the-CPI-State-Secretary-723320.html |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=1 March 2015}}</ref>
*Telangana : [[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
*Uttar Pradesh : Girish Sharma
*Uttarakhand : Samar Bhandari
*West Bengal : Swapan Banerjee
 
==List of General secretaries and Chairmen of CPI==
Article XXXII of the party constitution says:
 
<blockquote>"The tenure of the General Secretary and Deputy General Secretary, if any, and State Secretaries is limited to two consecutive terms—a term being of not less than two years. In exceptional cases, the unit concerned may decide by three-fourth majority through secret ballot to allow two more terms. In case such a motion is adopted that comrade also can contest in the election along with other candidates. As regards the tenure of the office-bearers at district and lower levels, the state councils will frame rules where
necessary."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4927-communist-party-of-india/|title = Communist Party of India}}</ref></blockquote>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ General secretaries and Chairmen<ref>{{cite news |title=20th Party Congress, Hyderabad |url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/20th-party-congress-hyderabad.html|access-date=7 September 2020|website=newageweekly.in |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |title= Sudhakar Reddy steps into Bardhan's shoes as CPI general secretary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-steps-into-bardhans-shoes-as-cpi-general-secretary/article3266136.ece|website=thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Sudhakar Reddy is CPI general secretary again|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-is-cpi-general-secretary-again/article7046445.ece|website=  thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Sudhakar Reddy unanimously re-elected CPI general secretary|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sudhakar-reddy-unanimously-re-elected-cpi-general-secretary-118042900492_1.html |website=  business-standard.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=D. Raja takes over as CPI general secretary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/d-raja-takes-over-as-cpi-general-secretary/article28626860.ece |work=The Hindu |date=21 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
 
! Number !! Photo !! Name !! Tenure
|-
| '''1st'''|| ||[[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate]] || 1925-1933
|-
| '''2nd'''||[[File:Gangadhar Adhikary.jpg|75px]]||[[Gangadhar Adhikari]] || 1933-1935
|-
| '''3rd'''||[[File:PC Joshi 1937.jpg|75px]]||[[Puran Chand Joshi]] || 1935-1948
|-
| '''4th'''||[[ File:B.T.Ranadive.jpg |75px]]||[[B. T. Ranadive]] || 1948-1950
|-
| '''5th'''||  ||[[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] || 1950-1951, 1964-1990
|-
| '''6th'''||||[[Ajoy Ghosh]] || 1951-1962
|-
|-
|'''Chairman'''|| [[File:S.A. Dange.jpg|75px]] ||[[Shripad Amrit Dange]] || 1962-1981
|-
| '''7th'''|| [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|75px]] ||[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] || 1962-1964
|-
| '''8th'''||  ||[[Indrajit Gupta]] || 1990-1996
|-
| '''9th'''|| [[File:Bardan.JPG|75px]] ||[[Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan]] || 1996-2012
|-
| '''10th'''|| [[File:SUDAKAR REDDY DSC 0686.JPG|75px]] ||[[Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy]] || 2012-2019
|-
| '''11th'''|| [[File:D.Raja M.P.JPG|75px]] ||[[D. Raja]] || 2019–''Incumbent''
|-
|}
 
==Party Congress ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Party Congress <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|title=Kanpur in History &#124; Genie For Kanpur|website=Genie for City|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0315_pd/first-party-congress-%E2%80%93-1943|title=The First Party Congress – 1943 &#124; Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dharmadispatch.in/commentary/the-calcutta-line-of-the-communist-party-of-india-and-the-train-of-its-continuing-treachery|title=The Calcutta Line of the Communist Party of India and the Train of its Continuing Treachery|first=Sandeep|last=Balakrishna|website=The Dharma Dispatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0712_pd/third-party-congress-%E2%80%93-attempt-towards-course-correction|title=Third Party Congress – An Attempt towards Course Correction &#124; Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0719_pd/fourth-congress-inner-party-struggle-begins|title=The Fourth Congress: Inner-party Struggle Begins &#124; Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/conferences-6.php?n=1|title=Party Congress|website=cpimkerala.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/02/seventh-congress-of-cpi.html|title=Seventh Congress of the CPI|website=newageweekly.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=20th Party Congress, Hyderabad |url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/20th-party-congress-hyderabad.html|access-date=7 September 2020|website=newageweekly.in|language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/cpi-attacks-govt-on-economic-policies/275203|title=CPI attacks Govt on economic policies|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/23/cpi-discuss-upa-policies-20th-national-congress-hyderabad-1206252300.html|title=CPI to discuss UPA policies at its 20th National Congress in Hyderabad|date=23 March 2008|website=oneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/CPI-party-congress-calls-for-Left-unity/articleshow/12448346.cms|title=CPI party congress calls for Left unity &#124; Patna News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/hyderabad-to-patna-xxi-congress.html|title=Hyderabad to Patna - XXI CONGRESS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/cpi-to-hold-congress-in-puducherry/article6494280.ece|title=CPI to hold congress in Puducherry|first=R.|last=Sivaraman|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 October 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpi-party-congress-in-kollam/article19878050.ece|title=CPI party congress in Kollam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 October 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
! Party Congress !! Year !! Place
|-
|Founding Conference || 1925 December 25 – 28 ||Kanpur
|-
| 1st || 1943 May 23–1 June || Bombay
|-
| [[2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India|2nd]] || 1948 February 28–27 March || Calcutta
|-
| 3rd|| 1953 December 27 – 1, 954 January 4|| Madurai
|-
| 4th|| 1956 April 19 – 29 || Palghat
|-
| 5th|| 1958 April 6 – 13 || Amritsar
|-
| 6th|| 1961 April 7 – 16 || Vijayawada
|-
| 7th|| 1964 December 13 – 23|| Bombay
|-
| 8th|| 1968 February 7 – 15|| Patna
|-
| 9th|| 1971 October 3 – 10 || Cochin
|-
| 10th|| 1975 January 27–2 February|| Vijayawada
|-
| 11th|| 1978 March 31–7 April|| Bathinda
|-
| 12th|| 1982 March 22 – 28 || Varanasi
|-
| 13th|| 1986 March 2 – 17|| Patna
|-
| 14th|| 1989 March 6 – 12|| Calcutta
|-
| 15th|| 1992 April 10 – 16|| Hyderabad
|-
| 16th|| 1995 October 7 – 11|| Delhi
|-
| 17th || 1998 September 14 – 19|| Chennai
|-
| 18th || 2002 March 26 – 31|| Thiruvananthapuram
|-
| 19th || 2005 March 29–3 April|| Chandigarh
|-
| 20th || 2008 March 23 – 27|| Hyderabad
|-
| 21st || 2012 March 27 – 31|| Patna
|-
| 22nd || 2015 March 25 – 29|| Puducherry
|-
| 23rd || 2018 April 25 – 29|| Kollam
|}
 
==Principal mass organisations==
*[[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC)
*[[All India Students’ Federation]] (AISF)
*[[All India Youth Federation]] (AIYF)
*[[National Federation of Indian Women]] (NFIW)
*[[All India Kisan Sabha]] - AIKS (peasants organisation)
*[[Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union]] - BKMU (agricultural workers)
*[[Indian People's Theatre Association]] - IPTA (cultural wing)
*[[All India State Government Employees Federation]] (State government employees)
*[[Indian Society for Cultural Co-operation and Friendship]] (ISCUF)
*[[All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation]] (AIPSO)
*[[Progressive Writers' Association]] (PWA)
*[[All India Adivasi Mahasabha]] (Tribal Wing)
*[[All India Dalit Rights Movement]] (AIDRM)
*[[Tamil Nadu Oppressed People's Movement]]
*[[People's Service Corps]]
*[[Ganamukti Parishad]]
In [[Tripura]], the [[Ganamukti Parishad]] is a major mass organisation amongst the [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] peoples of the state.
 
==Former chief ministers==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Former chief ministers
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stateofkerala.in/niyamasabha/e_m_s_namboodiripad.php |title=Kerala Niyamasabha EMS Namboodiripad |website=stateofkerala.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/111116/60-years-of-kerala-model-boon-and-bane-of-remittances.html|title=60 years of Kerala model: Boon and bane of remittances|date=11 November 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/veteran-cpi-leader-pkv-passes-on/310067|title=Veteran CPI leader 'PKV' passes on|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref>
! Photo !! Name !! Tenure !! State
|-
| [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|75px]] || [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] || (1957 {{endash}} 1959)
| rowspan="3" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| [[File:C. Achutha Menon.jpg|75px]] ||[[C. Achutha Menon]] || (1969 {{endash}} 1970; 1970 {{endash}} 1977)
|-
| [[File:P.K. Vasudevan Nair.jpg|75px]] ||[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] || (1978 {{endash}} 1979)
|-
|}
 
==Notable leaders==
*[[Abdul Sattar Ranjoor]] – Founding state secretary of the CPI in [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Ajoy Ghosh]] – Former general secretary of CPI, freedom fighter
*[[Amarjeet Kaur]] - General Secretary of AITUC and National Secretary of CPI
*[[Annabhau Sathe]] - [[Samyukta Maharashtra movement]] leader
*[[Annie Raja]] - General Secretary of NFIW and National Executive Member of CPI
*[[Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan]] – Former general secretary
*[[Aruna Asaf Ali]] – Freedom fighter
*[[Binoy Viswam]] – Member of Rajya Sabha, Former minister in the Government of Kerala
*[[Bhargavi Thankappan]] - Parliamentarian
*[[Bhupesh Gupta]] – Parliamentarian
*[[C. Achutha Menon]] – Finance minister in first Kerala ministry Former chief minister of Kerala
*[[C. Divakaran]] - Senior leader, former minister and National Council Member from Kerala
*[[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] – former general secretary, Telangana freedom fighter
*[[Chaturanan Mishra]] parliamentarian & former Central Minister of India
*[[Chittayam Gopakumar]] - Deputy Speaker of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] and State council member
*[[C. K. Chandrappan]] – Parliamentarian & former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[C. N. Jayadevan]] - Senior leader, parliamentarian
*[[Dhanwantri]] - one of the founder of communist party in Jammu & Kashmir
*[[Darshan Singh Canadian]] - Trade Unionist, fight against Khalistan movement
*[[D. Pandian]] - Parliamentarian & former Tamil Nadu state secretary
*[[D. Raja]] – parliamentarian & General secretary of the party
*[[E. Chandrasekharan Nair]] – Senior leader and former Minister in the Government of Kerala
*[[Geeta Mukherjee]] - Parliamentarian & Former Vice President of National Federation of Indian Women
*[[Govind Pansare]] – Prominent activist and lawyer
*[[Gurudas Dasgupta]] - Parliamentarian & Former General Secretary of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union
*[[Hajrah Begum]] - former general secretary of NFIW
*[[Hasrat Mohani]] – founding member
*[[Hijam Irabot]] – Founder leader of CPI in Manipur
*[[Hirendranath Mukherjee]]-Parliamentarian & He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1990 and Padma Vibhushan in 1991 by the President of India for his lifelong services
* [[Ila Mitra]] – Peasant Movement Leader from West Bengal
*[[Indrajit Gupta]] – Parliamentarian, former general secretary and a former central minister
*[[Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]] – former National Secretary, freedom fighter, builder of communist movement in Bihar and Jharkhand
*[[Junu Das]] – Prominent leader of CPI
*[[Kalpana Datta]] – freedom fighter
*[[Kanam Rajendran]] – Current Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[K.N. Joglekar]] – founding member of CPI
*[[Meghraj Tawar]] – Former Rajasthan MLA and leader of the CPI
*[[M. Kalyanasundaram]] – Parliamentarian
*[[M. N. Govindan Nair]] – Kerala state secretary during the first communist ministry and a freedom fighter
*[[Mohit Banerji]] - Prominent Leader
*[[Nallakannu]] – former Tamil Nadu state secretary of the party
*[[N.E. Balaram]] - Founding leader of the [[Socialism in India|communist movement]] in Kerala, India
*[[Pannyan Raveendran]] – Former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[Parvathi Krishnan]] - Parliamentarian
*[[P. Krishna Pillai]] - Founder and First secretary of CPI in Kerala
*[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] – Former Chief minister of Kerala, Former AISF general secretary, Former AIYF general secretary
*[[Puran Chand Joshi]] – first general secretary of the Communist Party of India
*[[P. S. Sreenivasan]] – Former Minister of Kerala
*[[Rajaji Mathew Thomas]] - Journalist, former MLA and CPI National council Member, from Kerala
*[[Ramendra Kumar]] – Former Parliamentarian, national executive member, national president AITUC
*[[Rosamma Punnoose]] - Freedom Fighter
*[[R.Sugathan]] - Prominent trade unionist, mass leader and member of Kerala Legislative assembly
*[[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate]] - First general secretary of CPI, freedom fighter
*[[S.S. Mirajkar]] – Trade Unionist, Freedom fighter
*[[Suhasini Chattopadhyay]] - founding member of CPI
*[[Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy]] – former general secretary of the party & parliamentarian
*[[Shripad Amrit Dange]] – Freedom fighter & former chairman of the party
*[[Thoppil Bhasi]] – Writer, film director & parliamentarian
*[[T. V. Thomas]] – Minister in first Kerala ministry
*[[Veliyam Bharghavan]] – Parliamentarian & Former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[Vidya Munshi]] - Journalist
*[[Vimla Dang]] - leader of CPI
*[[V. S. Sunil Kumar]] - Former Agriculture Minister in Kerala
*[[V. V. Raghavan|V.V. Raghavan]] -CPI Central Secretariat Member,Two time Loksabha Member from [[Thrissur]] Kerala, [[Rajya sabha]] Member, Former [[Agriculture minister|Agriculture Minister]] of Kerala
 
==General election results==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="border: 2px #000000 solid;width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|+ Performance of Communist Party of India in Lok Sabha elections
!
[[Lok Sabha]]
! style="width:25%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Year
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Total Lok Sabha constituencies
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Seats won / contested
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Change in seats
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Total votes
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Percentage of votes
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Change in vote %
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" class="unsortable" | {{ref.}}
|-
| align=left|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]
| 1952|| 489 || {{Composition bar|16|49|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || - || 3,487,401 || 3.29% || -
| <ref name="ECI1951">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=LS Statistical Report : 1951 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=70 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191615/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]
| 1957|| 494 ||  {{Composition bar|27|109|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 11 || 10,754,075 || 8.92% || {{increase}} 5.63%
| <ref name="ECI1957">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1957 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=49 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404200011/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf# | archive-date=4 April 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]
| 1962|| 494 ||  {{Composition bar|29|137|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 02 || 11,450,037 || 9.94% || {{increase}} 1.02%
| <ref name="ECI1962">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1962 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=75 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203719/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf# | archive-date=4 April 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]
| 1967|| 520 || {{Composition bar|23|109|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{decrease}} 06 || 7,458,396 || 5.11% || {{decrease}} 4.83%
| <ref name="ECI1967">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1967 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=78 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]
| 1971|| 518 || {{Composition bar|23|87|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{steady}} 00 || 6,933,627 || 4.73% || {{decrease}} 0.38%
| <ref name="ECI1971">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1971 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=79 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]
| 1977|| 542 || {{Composition bar|7|91|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 16 || 5,322,088 || 2.82% || {{decrease}} 1.91%
| <ref name="ECI1977">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1977 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=89 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]
| 1980|| 529 ( 542<sup>*</sup> ) ||  {{Composition bar|10|47|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 03 || 4,927,342 || 2.49% || {{decrease}} 0.33%
| <ref name="ECI1980">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1980 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=86 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]
| 1984|| 541 || {{Composition bar|6|66|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 04 || 6,733,117 || 2.70% || {{increase}} 0.21%
| <ref name="ECI1984">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1984 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=81 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ECI1985">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1985/Vol_I_LS_85.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1985 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015622/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1985/Vol_I_LS_85.pdf# | archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]
| 1989|| 529 || {{Composition bar|12|50|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{increase}} 06 || 7,734,697 || 2.57% || {{decrease}} 0.13%
| <ref name="ECI1989">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1989 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=88 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]
| 1991|| 534 ||  {{Composition bar|14|43|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 02 || 6,898,340 || 2.48% || {{decrease}} 0.09%
| <ref name="ECI1991">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1991 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=58 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ECI1992">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1992/GE_VOL_I_92.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1992 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161046/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1992/GE_VOL_I_92.pdf# | archive-date=6 June 2016 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]
| 1996|| 543 ||  {{Composition bar|12|43|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{decrease}} 02 || 6,582,263 || 1.97% || {{decrease}} 0.51%
| <ref name="ECI1996">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1996 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=93 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf# | archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]
| 1998|| 543 || {{Composition bar|09|58|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{decrease}} 03 || 6,429,569 || 1.75% || {{decrease}} 0.22%
| <ref name="ECI1998">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1998 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=93 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]
| 1999|| 543 || {{Composition bar|04|54|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 05 || 5,395,119 || 1.48% || {{decrease}} 0.27%
| <ref name="ECI1999">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1999 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=92 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]
| 2004|| 543 || {{Composition bar|10|34|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{increase}} 06 || 5,484,111 || 1.41% || {{decrease}} 0.07%
| <ref name="ECI2004">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 2004 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=101 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf# | archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]
| 2009|| 543 || {{Composition bar|04|56|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 06 || 5,951,888 || 1.43% || {{increase}} 0.02%
| <ref name="ECI2009">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf | title=LS 2009 : Performance of National Parties | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223419/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf# | archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]
| 2014|| 543 || {{Composition bar|1|67|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 03 || 4,327,298 || 0.78% || {{decrease}}  0.65%
| <ref name="ECI2014">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/4%20-%20List%20of%20Successful%20Candidates.pdf | title=LS 2014 : List of successful candidates | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=93 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024141309/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/4%20-%20List%20of%20Successful%20Candidates.pdf# | archive-date=24 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
|[[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]
|2019
|543
|{{Composition bar|2|49|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{increase}} 01
|3,576,184
|0.58%
|{{decrease}}<br/>0.2%
| <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802000135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf#|archive-date=2 August 2013|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123041546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf#|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status = live}}</ref>
|}
<sup>*</sup> : 12 seats in Assam and 1 in Meghalaya did not vote.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!State ||  No. of candidates 2019  ||  No. of elected 2019 ||  No. of candidates 2014  ||  No. of elected 2014  || No. of candidates 2009  ||  No. of elected 2009  || Total no. of seats in the state
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 ||  (25)(2014)/42(2009)
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] || 0 || 0  || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Assam]]  || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 14
|-
|[[Bihar (India)|Bihar]]  || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 40
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]] || 1 || 0  || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 11
|-
|[[Goa]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || 1|| 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 26
|-
|[[Haryana]] || 1 ||0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 10
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] ||0||0  || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] ||0||0  || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 6
|-
|[[Jharkhand]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 14
|-
|[[Karnataka]] ||1||0 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 28
|-
|[[Kerala]] ||4||0 || 4 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 20
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] ||4||0 || 5 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 29
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] ||2||0 || 4 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 48
|-
|[[Manipur]] ||1|| 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Meghalaya]] ||0||0  || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Mizoram]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Nagaland]] ||0||0  || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Odisha]] ||1||0 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 21
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] ||2||0 || 5 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 13
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 25
|-
|[[Sikkim]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] ||2||2 || 8 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 39
|-
|[[Tripura]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Telangana]] ||2||0  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 17
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] ||12||0 || 8 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 80
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 5
|-
|[[West Bengal]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 42
|-
! colspan="8" | Union Territories:
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Chandigarh]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Daman and Diu]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Delhi]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 7
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]] ||1<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ali-akbar-k/candidates/candidateid-7959.cms|title=Ali Akbar K.: Ali Akbar K. CPI from LAKSHADWEEP in Lok Sabha Elections &#124; Ali Akbar K. News, images and videos|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>||0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|'''Total:''' || 50 || 2 || 67 || 1 || 56 || 4 || 543
|}
<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto1"/>
<ref>{{cite web|url= https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10983-6-state-wise-candidate-data-summary/ |title=6. State Wise Candidate data Summary |access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/ | title=Seventh Lok Sabha elections (1980) | work=Indian Express | date=14 March 2014 | agency=Indian Express | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026125112/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/# | archive-date=26 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
== State Legislative assembly results ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Year
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|State
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Total<br/>assembly seats
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Seats won /<br/>Seats contested
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Change<br/>in seats
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Votes
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Vote %
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Change in<br/>vote %
|-
|Rowspan=5|[[2021 elections in India|2021]]
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
|126
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
|27,290
|0.84%
|{{decrease}} 0.14%
|- style="background-color:#FFE6E6";
|'''[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]'''
|140
|'''{{Composition bar|17|23|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}'''
|'''{{decrease}} 2'''
|'''1,579,235'''
|'''7.58%'''
|{{decrease}} '''0.54%'''
|-
| [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
|30
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 7,522
| 0.90%
|{{decrease}} 0.2%
|- style="background-color:#FFE6E6";
|'''[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]'''
|'''234'''
|'''{{Composition bar|2|6|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}'''
|'''{{increase}} 2'''
|'''504,537'''
|'''1.09%'''
|{{increase}} '''0.3%'''
|-
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
|294
|{{Composition bar|0|10|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|118,655
|0.20%
|{{decrease}} 1.25%
|-
|[[2020 elections in India|2020]]
|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
|243
|{{Composition bar|2|4|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
| 349,489
| 0.83%
|{{decrease}} 0.57%
|-
|Rowspan=4|[[2019 elections in India|2019]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
|175
|{{Composition bar|0|7|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
|34,746
| 0.11%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
|81
|{{Composition bar|0|18|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
|68,589
| 0.46%
|{{decrease}} 0.43%
|-
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
|288
|{{Composition bar|0|16|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 35,188
| 0.06%
|{{decrease}} 0.07%
|-
|[[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]]
|147
|{{Composition bar|0|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 29,235
|0.12%
|{{decrease}} 0.39%
|-
|Rowspan=4|[[2018 elections in India|2018]]
|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
|90
|{{Composition bar|0|7|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 48,255
| 0.34%
|{{decrease}} 0.32%
|-
|[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
|200
|{{Composition bar|0|16|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 42,820
| 0.12%
|{{decrease}} 0.06%
|-
|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
|119
|{{Composition bar|0|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
| 83,215
|0.40%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
|60
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
| 19,352
| 0.82%
|{{decrease}} 0.85%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2017 elections in India|2017]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]
|68
|{{Composition bar|0|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 1,686
| 0.04%
|{{decrease}} 0.15%
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
|403
|{{Composition bar|0|68|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 138,764
| 0.16%
|{{increase}} 0.03%
|}
*N/A indicates Not Available
*{{legend2|#FFE6E6|indicates in government or in Coalition government |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! State || No. of candidates || No. elected || Total no. of seats in Assembly || Year of Election
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] || 7 || 0 || 175 || 2019
|-
|[[Assam]] || 1 || 0 || 126 || 2021
|-
|[[Bihar (India)|Bihar]] || 6 || 2 || 243 || 2020
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]] || 2 || 0 || 90 || 2018
|-
|[[Delhi]] || 3 || 0 || 70 || 2020
|-
|[[Goa]] || 2 || 0 || 40 || 2017
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || 2 || 0 || 182 || 2017
|-
|[[Haryana]] || 4 || 0 || 90 || 2019
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] || 3 || 0 || 68 || 2017<ref>{{cite news |title=Assembly Election Results 2017: A Journey Through The Campaigning In Gujarat And Himachal Pradesh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assembly-election-results-2017-a-journey-through-the-campaigning-in-gujarat-and-himachal-pradesh-1788913 |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=18 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 3 || 0 || 87 || 2014
|-
|[[Jharkhand]] || 16 || 0 || 81 || 2019
|-
|[[Karnataka]] || 4 || 0 || 224 || 2018
|-
|[[Kerala]] || 23 || 17 || 140 || 2021
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] || 18 || 0 || 230 || 2018
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] || 16 || 0 || 288 || 2019
|-
|[[Manipur]] || 6 || 0 || 60 || 2017
|-
|[[Meghalaya]] || 1 || 0 || 60 || 2013
|-
|[[Mizoram]] || 0 || 0 || 40 || 2013
|-
|[[Odisha]] || 12 || 0 || 147 || 2019
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || 1 || 0 || 30 || 2021
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 23 || 0 || 117 || 2017
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] || 42 || 0 || 200 || 2018
|-
|[[Telangana]] || 3 || 0 || 119 || 2018
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] || 6 || 2 || 234 || 2021
|-
|[[Tripura]] || 1 || 0 || 60 || 2018
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] || 68 || 0 || 403 || 2017
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]] || 4 || 0 || 70 || 2017
|-
|[[West Bengal]] || 10 || 0 || 294 || 2021
|}
Results from the Election Commission of India website. Results do not deal with partitions of states (Bihar was bifurcated after the 2000 election, creating [[Jharkhand]]), defections and by-elections during the mandate period.
 
==See also==
*[[Politics of India]]
*[[List of political parties in India]]
*[[List of communist parties in India]]
*[[List of communist parties]]
*[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
*[[Left Front (West Bengal)]]
*[[Left Front (Tripura)]]
 
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|30em}}
 
==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* Chakrabarty, Bidyut. ''Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies'' (Oxford University Press, 2014).
* Devika, J. "Egalitarian developmentalism, communist mobilization, and the question of caste in Kerala State, India." ''Journal of Asian Studies'' (2010): 799-820. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J_Devika/publication/231963735_Egalitarian_Developmentalism_Communist_Mobilization_and_the_Question_of_Caste_in_Kerala_State_India/links/56a6105308ae2c689d39b459.pdf online]
* D'mello, Vineet Kaitan. "The United Socialist Front: The Congress Socialist Party and the Communist Party of India." ''Proceedings of the Indian History Congress''. Vol. 73. (2012) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156257 online].
* Haithcox, John Patrick. ''Communism and Nationalism in India'' (Princeton UP,  2015).
* Kautsky, John H. ''Moscow and the Communist Party of India: A Study in the Postwar Evolution of International Communist Strategy.'' (MIT Press, 1956).
* Kohli, Atul. "Communist Reformers in West Bengal: Origins, Features, and Relations with New Delhi." in ''State Politics in Contemporary India'' (Routledge, 2019) pp.&nbsp;81–102.
* Lockwood, David. ''The communist party of India and the Indian emergency'' (SAGE Publications India, 2016).
* Lovell, Julia. '' Maoism: A Global History'' (2019)
* Masani, M.R. ''The Communist Party of India: A Short History.'' (Macmillan, 1954). [https://archive.org/details/communistpartyof0000masa online]
* Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller. ''Communism in India'' (U of California Press, 2020)
* Paul, Santosh, ed. ''The Maoist Movement in India: perspectives and counterperspectives'' (Taylor & Francis, 2020).
* Pons, Silvio and Robert Service, eds. ''A Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism'' (Princeton UP, 2010) pp 180–182.
* Singer, Wendy. "Peasants and the Peoples of the East: Indians and the Rhetoric of the Comintern," in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe, ''International Communism and the Communist International, 1919-43.'' (Manchester University Press, 1998).
* Steur, Luisa. "Adivasis, Communists, and the rise of indigenism in Kerala." ''Dialectical Anthropology'' 35.1 (2011): 59-76. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luisa_Steur/publication/225125280_Adivasis_Communists_and_the_rise_of_indigenism_in_Kerala/links/550945210cf27e990e0e2c5b.pdf online]
* N.E. Balaram, ''A Short History of the Communist Party of India.'' Kozikkode, Cannanore, India: Prabhath Book House, 1967.
* Samaren Roy, ''The Twice-Born Heretic: M.N. Roy and the Comintern.'' Calcutta: Firma KLM Private, 1986.
 
===Primary sources===
* G. Adhikari (ed.), ''Documents of the History of the Communist Party of India: Volume One, 1917-1922.'' New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1971.
* G. Adhikari (ed.), ''Documents of the History of the Communist Party of India: Volume Two, 1923-1925.'' New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1974.
* V.B. Karnick (ed.), ''Indian Communist Party Documents, 1930-1956.'' Bombay: Democratic Research Service/Institute of Public Relations, 1957.
*  Rao, M. B., Ed. ''Documents Of The History Of The Communist Party Of India(1948-1950), Vol. 7'' (1960) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.148620 online]
{{refend}}


==References==
==External links==
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
{{commons|Communist Party of India}}
[[Category:Communist parties]]
*{{official website|http://www.communistparty.in/}}
[[Category:20th century establishments in India]]
*[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4927-communist-party-of-india/ Constitution]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28Communist+Party+of+India%29&sort=-date primary sources]


{{Communist Party of India}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party Of India}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India| ]]
[[Category:1925 in India]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Former member parties of the United Progressive Alliance]]
[[Category:Communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Left-wing parties in Asia]]
[[Category:National political parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1925]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Recognised national political parties in India]]
[[Category:Left-wing politics in India]]
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