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{{short description|Indian independence | {{short description|Indian independence leader}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Rash Behari Bose | | name = Rash Behari Bose | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1886|5|25|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> | | birth_date = {{birth date|1886|5|25|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = [[Purba Bardhaman|Subaldaha]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book |last=Bose|first=Bejon Behari|title=Karmabir Rash Behari|language=bn|date=1959|publisher=Ila Bose|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book |last1=Sengupta|first1=Subodhchandra|last2=Bose|first2=Anjali|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan|date=1976|location=Calcutta|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad|page=486}}</ref><br/>(present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]]) | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|21|1886|5|25|df=y}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|21|1886|5|25|df=y}} | ||
| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] | | death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] | ||
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| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Ghadar Revolution]], [[Indian National Army]] | | movement = [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Ghadar Revolution]], [[Indian National Army]] | ||
| spouse = Toshiko Bose <small>(1916–1924; her death)</small><ref name=r1/> | | spouse = Toshiko Bose <small>(1916–1924; her death)</small><ref name=r1/> | ||
| children = 2 | | children = 2<ref name=r1/> | ||
| nationality = | | nationality = Indian | ||
| citizenship = [[British | | citizenship = [[British Raj]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death) | ||
| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]] | | organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]] | ||
| relatives = | | relatives = [[Aizō Sōma]] (father-in-law)<br/>[[Kokkō Sōma]] (mother-in-law) | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Anushilan Samiti}} | {{Anushilan Samiti}} | ||
'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio|Rasbihar Bose.ogg|pronunciation}} | '''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio|Rasbihar Bose.ogg|pronunciation}}; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]] and founded the [[First Indian National Army]] during [[World War 2]], handing it over as the [[Indian National Army]] to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] later. | ||
==Birth and | He also founded the Japanese branch of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]], becoming its first president.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html|title=Rashbehari Bose - Indian freedom struggle, India-Japan ties, British Raj Mahatma Gandhi, Toshiko Soma, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose the standard bearer}}</ref>{{better source|date=November 2021}} | ||
Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sahai|first=Krishna N.|title=Ambasth Kayastha |year=2001|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher|page=5|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Bengal Presidency]] | |||
==Birth and ancestry== | |||
Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sahai|first=Krishna N.|title=Ambasth Kayastha |year=2001|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher|page=5|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront. The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in the then [[Bengal Presidency]] of [[British India]] (presently [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], India).<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother. Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi Debi. | |||
The name Rash behari Bose was given to him by his grandfather Kaalicharan Bose. His mother was affected by a chronic disease in her pregnancy. For this reason, Kaalicharan Bose prayed to the Vishnu or Krishna temple for his grandson, which is situated in the village Subaldaha Dana para.{{cn|date=November 2021}} | |||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Rashbehari Bose and his sister Sushila (later, Sushila Sarkar) spent their childhood in the village of Subaldaha. They lived in the house of madam Bidhumukhi and his paternal house. Bidhumukhi was a widow from her early life. Bidhumukhi was the sister-in-law of Kalicharan Bose. So that his grandson would arrive safely to them. So his grandson was given by another name of Lord Krishna. His early education was completed under the supervision of his grandfather, Kalicharan Bose, at village Pathsala (Presently "[[Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School]]"). Rash Behari Bose got an education of Lathi Khela in his child at Subaldaha, primarily under the guidance of his grandfather. He got the inspiration of revolutionary movement hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at his birthplace Subaldaha. He was the cynosure of all villagers. His nickname was Rasu. He was stubborn and the villagers loved him very much. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old. His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. During this time, Rashbehari had to move to his maternal house in Chandernagar. | |||
In Chandernagar, Rashbehari Bose studied at Dupleix College with his cousin and friend [[Shrish Chandra Ghosh]]. The principal Charu Chandra Roy inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later he joined "Morton school" in Kolkata. Bose later earned degrees in the medical sciences as well as in Engineering from France and Germany. | |||
==Revolutionary activities== | ==Revolutionary activities== | ||
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They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.<ref name=r1/> | They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.<ref name=r1/> | ||
<gallery mode=packed widths=240px heights=240px> | <gallery mode="packed" widths="240px" heights="240px"> | ||
Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915. | Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915. | ||
Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916 | Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916 | ||
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== | == Legacy == | ||
In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> | In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> | ||
[[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|left|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]] | [[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|left|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]] | ||
On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose|publisher=istampgallery|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> | On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose|publisher=istampgallery|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> | ||
=== In popular culture === | |||
In the 2019 Indian [[Bengali-language]] television series titled ''[[Netaji (2019 TV series)|Netaji]]'' which depicts the life of [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]], Fahim Mirza played the role of Rash Behari Bose. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Anushilan Samiti]] | *[[Anushilan Samiti]] | ||
*[[Delhi-Lahore conspiracy]] | *[[Delhi-Lahore conspiracy]] | ||
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*[[Gadar Mutiny]] | *[[Gadar Mutiny]] | ||
{{reflist|group=Notes}} | {{reflist|group=Notes}} | ||