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The Samiti's violent and radical philosophy revived in the 1930s, when it was involved in the [[Kakori conspiracy]], the [[Chittagong armoury raid]], and other actions against the administration in British-occupied India. | The Samiti's violent and radical philosophy revived in the 1930s, when it was involved in the [[Kakori conspiracy]], the [[Chittagong armoury raid]], and other actions against the administration in British-occupied India. | ||
Shortly after its inception, the organisation became the focus of an extensive police and intelligence operation which led to the founding of the [[Special Branch|Special branch]] of the [[Calcutta Police]]. Notable officers who led the police and intelligence operations against the ''Samiti'' at various times included [[Sir Robert Nathan]], [[Sir Harold Stuart]], [[Sir Charles Stevenson-Moore]] and [[Sir Charles Tegart]]. The threat posed by the activities of the ''Samiti'' in Bengal during [[World War I]], along with the threat of a [[Ghadar mutiny|Ghadarite uprising in Punjab]], led to the passage of [[Defence of India Act 1915]]. These measures enabled the arrest, internment, transportation and execution of a number of revolutionaries linked to the organisation, which crushed the East Bengal Branch. In the aftermath of the war, the [[Rowlatt committee]] recommended extending the Defence of India Act (as the [[Rowlatt Act]]) to thwart any possible revival of the ''Samiti'' in Bengal and the Ghadarite movement in Punjab. After the war, the activities of the party led to the implementation of the [[Bengal Criminal Law Amendment]] in the early 1920s, which reinstated the powers of incarceration and detention from the Defence of India Act. However, the ''Anushilan Samiti'' gradually disseminated into the Gandhian movement. Some of its members left for the Indian National Congress then led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], while others identified more closely with [[Communism]]. The ''Jugantar'' branch formally dissolved in 1938. In independent India, the party in West Bengal evolved into the | Shortly after its inception, the organisation became the focus of an extensive police and intelligence operation which led to the founding of the [[Special Branch|Special branch]] of the [[Calcutta Police]]. Notable officers who led the police and intelligence operations against the ''Samiti'' at various times included [[Sir Robert Nathan]], [[Sir Harold Stuart]], [[Sir Charles Stevenson-Moore]] and [[Sir Charles Tegart]]. The threat posed by the activities of the ''Samiti'' in Bengal during [[World War I]], along with the threat of a [[Ghadar mutiny|Ghadarite uprising in Punjab]], led to the passage of [[Defence of India Act 1915]]. These measures enabled the arrest, internment, transportation and execution of a number of revolutionaries linked to the organisation, which crushed the East Bengal Branch. In the aftermath of the war, the [[Rowlatt committee]] recommended extending the Defence of India Act (as the [[Rowlatt Act]]) to thwart any possible revival of the ''Samiti'' in Bengal and the Ghadarite movement in Punjab. After the war, the activities of the party led to the implementation of the [[Bengal Criminal Law Amendment]] in the early 1920s, which reinstated the powers of incarceration and detention from the Defence of India Act. However, the ''Anushilan Samiti'' gradually disseminated into the Gandhian movement. Some of its members left for the Indian National Congress then led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], while others identified more closely with [[Communism]]. The ''Jugantar'' branch formally dissolved in 1938. In independent India, the party in West Bengal evolved into the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], while the Eastern Branch later evolved into the ''[[Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal]]'' (Workers and Peasants Socialist Party) in present-day [[Bangladesh]]. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
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|isbn=81-250-0299-5 | |isbn=81-250-0299-5 | ||
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* {{Citation |last=Roy |first=Shantimoy |year=2006 |chapter=India Freedom Struggle and Muslims |editor-last=Engineer |editor-first=Asghar Ali |editor-link=Asghar Ali Engineer |title=They Too Fought for India's Freedom: The Role of Minorities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XQCYl6T1vIC&pg=PA105 |series=Sources of History |volume= | * {{Citation |last=Roy |first=Shantimoy |year=2006 |chapter=India Freedom Struggle and Muslims |editor-last=Engineer |editor-first=Asghar Ali |editor-link=Asghar Ali Engineer |title=They Too Fought for India's Freedom: The Role of Minorities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XQCYl6T1vIC&pg=PA105 |series=Sources of History |volume=III |publisher=Hope India Publications |page=105 |isbn=9788178710914}}. | ||
* {{Citation |last=Samanta |first=A. K. |date=1995 |title=Terrorism in Bengal, Vol. II |publisher=Government of West Bengal}}. | * {{Citation |last=Samanta |first=A. K. |date=1995 |title=Terrorism in Bengal, Vol. II |publisher=Government of West Bengal}}. | ||
* {{Citation |last=Sanyal |first=Shukla |year=2014 |title=Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial Bengal |location=Delhi |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-06546-8}}. | * {{Citation |last=Sanyal |first=Shukla |year=2014 |title=Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial Bengal |location=Delhi |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-06546-8}}. | ||