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Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial: Difference between revisions
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The '''Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial''' commenced in the District Court in [[San Francisco]] on November 12, 1917 following [[Annie Larsen affair|the uncovering]] of the [[:Hindu–German Conspiracy]] (also known as the Indo German plot) for initiating a revolt in [[British Raj|India]]. It was part of a wave of such incidents which took place in the United States after America's entrance into World War I. | The '''Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial''' commenced in the District Court in [[San Francisco]] on November 12, 1917, following [[Annie Larsen affair|the uncovering]] of the [[:Hindu–German Conspiracy]] (also known as the Indo German plot) for initiating a revolt in [[British Raj|India]]. It was part of a wave of such incidents which took place in the United States after America's entrance into World War I. | ||
In May 1917, eight [[Indian nationalism|Indian nationalists]] of the [[Ghadar Party]] were indicted by a federal grand jury on a charge of conspiracy to form a military enterprise against the United Kingdom. The trial lasted from November 20, 1917 to April 24, 1918. The British authorities hoped that the conviction of the Indians would result in their deportation from the United States back to India. However, strong public support in favor of the Indians meant that the U.S. Department of Justice chose not to do so. | In May 1917, eight [[Indian nationalism|Indian nationalists]] of the [[Ghadar Party]] were indicted by a federal grand jury on a charge of conspiracy to form a military enterprise against the United Kingdom. The trial lasted from November 20, 1917, to April 24, 1918. The British authorities hoped that the conviction of the Indians would result in their deportation from the United States back to India. However, strong public support in favor of the Indians meant that the U.S. Department of Justice chose not to do so. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
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The ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' described the courtroom during the testimony of one of the Government witnesses: | The ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' described the courtroom during the testimony of one of the Government witnesses: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|The tense scene found its climax when four or five of the Hindoo defendants rose to their feet shouting, "That is not right—it is wrong," when Interpreter Gould translated one of the witness' answers. "Sit down—keep your seats," ordered Judge Van Fleet, "the Court will protect your rights—" "Have justice—this is a farce—give us justice," cried the Hindoos as deputy marshals started toward them. Your counsel will protect your rights," said Judge Van Fleet ... "But your honor," replied [[Bhagwan Singh Gyanee|Bhagwan Singh]], one of the alleged chief defendants, "our counsel cannot understand our language."<ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', 6 December 1917</ref>}} | ||
The Indians were placed into custody for the remainder of the trial following claims that they had been harassing witnesses by following them and attempting to bribe them. When Dr. Chakraverty's extensive confession was delivered, "the diminutive Hindoo was the target for dark glances from this fellow defendants, the subject of excited whisperings and the recipient of several notes from the Hindoos." One of the defendants even stuffed a wad of paper down Chakraverty's neck. To these notes and "to the dark scowls of his countrymen, Chakraverty responded with a broad grin." Chakraverty was followed by several of the Hindu defendants when he left court. | The Indians were placed into custody for the remainder of the trial following claims that they had been harassing witnesses by following them and attempting to bribe them. When Dr. Chakraverty's extensive confession was delivered, "the diminutive Hindoo was the target for dark glances from this fellow defendants, the subject of excited whisperings and the recipient of several notes from the Hindoos." One of the defendants even stuffed a wad of paper down Chakraverty's neck. To these notes and "to the dark scowls of his countrymen, Chakraverty responded with a broad grin." Chakraverty was followed by several of the Hindu defendants when he left court. | ||
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The trial ended with a sensational climax when Ram Chandra was shot to death in the courtroom by fellow defendant, Ram Singh. ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the incident, which occurred just after the court announced a recess: | The trial ended with a sensational climax when Ram Chandra was shot to death in the courtroom by fellow defendant, Ram Singh. ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the incident, which occurred just after the court announced a recess: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|Ram Chandra arose and started across the room. Ram Singh also arose. He raised his revolver and began firing. Ram Chandra staggered forward and fell dead before the witness chair, with a bullet in his heart and two others in his body! | ||
While Singh still pressed the trigger of his automatic pistol, he, too, was shot and killed by [[United States Marshal]] [[:File:Enemy Activities - Arrests of Alien Enemies - Arrest of Alien Enemies in U.S.A. - J.B. Holohan who killed Ram Singh, slayer of Rah Chandra, in the San Francisco court room in Hindu conspiracy trial - NARA - 31477807.jpg|James H. Holohan]], who fired across the room over the heads of attorneys.<ref>''[[New York Times]]'', April 24, 1918</ref>}} | While Singh still pressed the trigger of his automatic pistol, he, too, was shot and killed by [[United States Marshal]] [[:File:Enemy Activities - Arrests of Alien Enemies - Arrest of Alien Enemies in U.S.A. - J.B. Holohan who killed Ram Singh, slayer of Rah Chandra, in the San Francisco court room in Hindu conspiracy trial - NARA - 31477807.jpg|James H. Holohan]], who fired across the room over the heads of attorneys.<ref>''[[New York Times]]'', April 24, 1918</ref>}} | ||
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{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}} | {{Hindu-German Conspiracy}} | ||
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hindu-German Conspiracy Trial}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Hindu-German Conspiracy Trial}} | ||