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'''Lala Jagat Narain''' (31 May 1899 − 9 September 1981) was an Indian editor, member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], [[Member of Parliament]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/pranab-i-know-of-the-consequences-indira-on-storming-golden-temple/story-FqXs5hEtNAFuhCQWH5fg6I.html |title= | '''Lala Jagat Narain''' (31 May 1899 − 9 September 1981) was an Indian editor, member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], [[Member of Parliament]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/pranab-i-know-of-the-consequences-indira-on-storming-golden-temple/story-FqXs5hEtNAFuhCQWH5fg6I.html |title='Pranab, I know of the consequences': Indira on storming Golden Temple | india |newspaper=Hindustan Times |accessdate=12 June 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612105852/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/pranab-i-know-of-the-consequences-indira-on-storming-golden-temple/story-FqXs5hEtNAFuhCQWH5fg6I.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 }}</ref> and founder of the [[Hind Samachar]] media group.<ref>{{cite web |author=site admin |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810930-ex-minister-of-punjab-and-mp-lala-jagat-narain-shot-dead-by-assailants-773261-2013-11-07 |title=Lala Jagat Narain: An extremist killing | IndiaToday |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=7 November 2013 |accessdate=12 June 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612105853/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810930-ex-minister-of-punjab-and-mp-lala-jagat-narain-shot-dead-by-assailants-773261-2013-11-07 |archive-date=12 June 2018 }}</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Lala Jagat Narain was born at [[Wazirabad]], [[Gujranwala District]] (now in [[Pakistan]]) in 1899.<ref>[http://www.punjabilok.com/misc/freedom/lala_jagat_narain.htm Lala Jagat Narain<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020543/http://www.punjabilok.com/misc/freedom/lala_jagat_narain.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> He graduated from D.A.V. College, Lahore in 1919, and joined the Law College, Lahore. | Lala Jagat Narain was born at [[Wazirabad]], [[Gujranwala District]] (now in [[Pakistan]]) in 1899.<ref>[http://www.punjabilok.com/misc/freedom/lala_jagat_narain.htm Lala Jagat Narain<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020543/http://www.punjabilok.com/misc/freedom/lala_jagat_narain.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> He graduated from D.A.V. College, Lahore in 1919, and joined the Law College, Lahore. | ||
== | ==Establishment== | ||
He left his studies in 1920 at the call of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to join the [[Non-cooperation movement]]. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment. In jail, he acted as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]'s personal secretary. | He left his studies in 1920 at the call of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to join the [[Non-cooperation movement]]. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment. In jail, he acted as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]'s personal secretary. | ||
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Lala Jagat Narain was detained under [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act|MISA]] during the [[The Emergency (India)|Indira Gandhi's Emergency]] which was later on revoked on 4 January 1977.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/om-mehta-emergencylala-jagat-narain-misa-mao-zedong-4457668/ |title=January 4, 1977, Forty Years Ago: No Poll Plans |newspaper=The Indian Express |accessdate=12 June 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612105852/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/om-mehta-emergencylala-jagat-narain-misa-mao-zedong-4457668/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 }}</ref> Following this incident, he parted ways with the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/item/42752-ashwini-chopra-minna-the-journalist-now-embarks-on-a-political-journey|title=Ashwani Chopra Minna – The journalist now embarks on a political journey|work=Yes Punjab}}</ref> | Lala Jagat Narain was detained under [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act|MISA]] during the [[The Emergency (India)|Indira Gandhi's Emergency]] which was later on revoked on 4 January 1977.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/om-mehta-emergencylala-jagat-narain-misa-mao-zedong-4457668/ |title=January 4, 1977, Forty Years Ago: No Poll Plans |newspaper=The Indian Express |accessdate=12 June 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612105852/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/om-mehta-emergencylala-jagat-narain-misa-mao-zedong-4457668/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 }}</ref> Following this incident, he parted ways with the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/item/42752-ashwini-chopra-minna-the-journalist-now-embarks-on-a-political-journey|title=Ashwani Chopra Minna – The journalist now embarks on a political journey|work=Yes Punjab}}</ref> | ||
Narain had come to [[Jalandhar]] as a refugee from Lahore and started an [[Urdu]] [[daily newspaper|daily]], Hind Samachar in 1948. Urdu then was the language of the salaried urban men of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], the people who could afford the time and money for a newspaper. But Urdu in independent India lacked government support. In the | Narain had come to [[Jalandhar]] as a refugee from Lahore and started an [[Urdu]] [[daily newspaper|daily]], Hind Samachar in 1948. Urdu then was the language of the salaried urban men of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], the people who could afford the time and money for a newspaper. But Urdu in independent India lacked government support. In 1965, he founded [[Punjab Kesari]], a Hindi-language daily. | ||
During the [[Punjabi Suba movement]], he had resigned as minister in protest when the [[Punjabi Suba movement#The Regional Formula|Regional Formula]], a proposition to give the [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]] languages equal status in Punjab that the Akali Dal had provisionally accepted, had been implemented in 1956.<ref name=grewal/> He would periodically opine when the Akalis and the government would appear to make progress on the issue of Punjab statehood, stating once that "the Hindus of Punjab would never accept the settlement."<ref name=grewal>{{cite book |last1=Grewal |first1=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) |date=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=9781316025338 |page=199 |edition=Revised |url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew |access-date=16 April 2020|author1-link=J. S. Grewal }}</ref> | |||
An [[Arya Samaj]]i widely known for anti-Sikh communalism,<ref name=kirpal/> Narain had urged Hindus in Punjab to reply to disown Punjabi as their mother tongue. His paper played a significant role in "fanning the flames of communal hatred between Hindus and Sikhs,"<ref>{{cite book | last = Mark Tully | first = Satish Jacob | title = Amritsar; Mrs. Gandhi's Last Battle | publisher = J. Cape | url = https://archive.org/details/amritsarmrsgandh00tull | url-access = registration | year = 1985 | location = London | edition = e-book | page = 66 | access-date = 8 July 2018 | df = dmy-all}}</ref> and the Hindi press based in [[Jalandhar]] consistently vilified Sikhs,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pettigrew |first1=Joyce |title=In Search of a New Kingdom of Lahore |journal=Pacific Affairs |date=1987 |volume=60 |issue=1 |page=24 |doi=10.2307/2758827 |jstor=2758827}}</ref> without making any distinction between Sikh groups.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grewal |first1=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) |date=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=9781316025338 |page=219 |edition=Revised |url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew |access-date=16 April 2020|author1-link=J. S. Grewal }}</ref> | |||
After the Punjabi Suba was nevertheless established, he would later denounce the [[Anandpur Sahib Resolution]] which sought to rectify perceived injustices in water allotment and state powers and development following its formation; he and other Arya Samaj leaders and editors like Virendra would continue to communalize demands for the welfare of the entire state of Punjab,<ref name=kirpal/> which would be further pursued during the [[Dharam Yudh Morcha]]. Again presuming to speak on behalf of the state's Hindus, he would assert in an article in the ''Indian Express'' that the primarily urban Hindu population in the state had nothing to do with the continuing state-center dispute over the proportionally unequal distribution of river waters, disregarding the influence on the state's economy of the water allotment amount, and in turn its social cohesion.<ref name=kirpal>{{cite book |last1=Dhillon |first1=Kirpal S. |title=Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India, 1978-1993 |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London, United Kingdom |isbn=9780143100362 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/_PU6CwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT69| page=69}}</ref> | |||
==Death and legacy== | ==Death and legacy== | ||
[[File:Jagat Narain 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Jagat Narain on a 2013 stamp of India]] | [[File:Jagat Narain 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Jagat Narain on a 2013 stamp of India]] | ||
Jagat was a critic of the [[Khalistan movement]] and he had earlier survived an assassination attempt in January of 1981. However, on 9 September 1981, Narain was shot dead by a two-man team of assassins. Nachhatar Singh was arrested at the scene of crime. Dalbir Singh and Swaran Singh are two others accused in the case.<ref name=i>{{cite web|author=site admin |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810930-ex-minister-of-punjab-and-mp-lala-jagat-narain-shot-dead-by-assailants-773261-2013-11-07 |title=Lala Jagat Narain: An extremist killing | IndiaToday |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=7 November 2013 |accessdate=12 June 2018}}</ref> | Jagat was a critic of the [[Khalistan movement]] and he had earlier survived an assassination attempt in January of 1981. However, on 9 September 1981, Narain was shot dead by a two-man team of assassins. Nachhatar Singh, a self-described [[Naxalite]], was arrested at the scene of crime. Dalbir Singh and Swaran Singh are two others accused in the case.<ref name=i>{{cite web|author=site admin |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810930-ex-minister-of-punjab-and-mp-lala-jagat-narain-shot-dead-by-assailants-773261-2013-11-07 |title=Lala Jagat Narain: An extremist killing | IndiaToday |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=7 November 2013 |accessdate=12 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
[[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]], who had accused Narain of portraying the Sikh gurus as "lovers of wine and women" in his newspapers in spite of protests,<ref name="gt1982">{{cite news |last1=Thukral |first1=Gobind |title=What kind of man is Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820430-what-kind-of-man-is-sant-jarnail-singh-bhindranwale-771737-2013-10-15 |access-date=20 April 2020 |work=India Today |publisher=Living Media India Limited |date=30 April 1982}}</ref> was implicated in the assassination, though it was the [[Dal Khalsa (International)|Dal Khalsa]] which had likely committed it.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dressler|first1=Markus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYDkrIJ5uqEC&dq=Lala+jagat+narayan&pg=PA85|title=Secularism and Religion-Making|last2=Mandair|first2=Arvind|date=2011-10-03|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-978294-9|language=en}}</ref> An Indian Airlines plane would be hijacked by them on 29 September 1981 to demand his release,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaufman |first=Michael T. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/30/world/sikh-separatists-hijack-indian-jetliner-to-pakistan.html |title=Sikh Separatists Hijack Indian Jetliner To Pakistan|work=The New York Times |date=30 September 1981 |accessdate=12 June 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129183738/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/30/world/sikh-separatists-hijack-indian-jetliner-to-pakistan.html |archive-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref> with no casualties.<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810929-2 ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-200 registration unknown Lahore Airport (LHE)]. Aviation-safety.net (29 September 1981). Retrieved 8 November 2018.</ref> | |||
The White Paper issued by the government of India, mentioned that Narain was assassinated because of his criticism of Bhindrawale.<ref name=gov>{{cite journal | The White Paper issued by the government of India, mentioned that Narain was assassinated because of his criticism of Bhindrawale.<ref name=gov>{{cite journal | ||
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| location = New Delhi | | location = New Delhi | ||
| date = 10 July 1984 | | date = 10 July 1984 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> He was present during the [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes|clash that occurred between Nirankaris and Akhand Kirtani Jatha]] members, and stood witness at the Karnal trial against Bhindrawale.<ref name=sur>{{cite book | ||
| last = Jalandhri | | last = Jalandhri | ||
| first = Surjeet | | first = Surjeet | ||
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| page = 25 }}</ref> | | page = 25 }}</ref> | ||
In 1981, Bhindranwale | In 1981, Bhindranwale remained inside Gurudwara Gurdarshan Parkash at Mehta Chowk, but was persuaded to surrender on 20 September 1981. For 25 days, violence exploded all over [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], while Bhindranwale was jailed in Circuit House.<ref name=rg>{{cite book |last1=Albrecht |first1=Schnabel |last2=Rohan |first2=Gunaratna |title=Wars From Within: Understanding And Managing Insurgent Movements |date=2014 |publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-1-78326-559-6|page=193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mdi3CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA193|language=en}}</ref> | ||
India's Union Home Minister, [[Giani Zail Singh]], announced to Parliament that there was no evidence that Bhindranwale was involved in Lala Jagat Narain's assassination, and was released on 15 October 1981.<ref name=rg /> | India's Union Home Minister, [[Giani Zail Singh]], announced to Parliament that there was no evidence that Bhindranwale was involved in Lala Jagat Narain's assassination, and was released on 15 October 1981.<ref name=rg /> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Narain, Jagat}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Narain, Jagat}} | ||
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[[Category:Sikh politics]] | [[Category:Sikh politics]] | ||
[[Category:Indian editors]] | [[Category:Indian editors]] | ||
[[Category:Assassinated newspaper publishers (people)]] | [[Category:Assassinated newspaper publishers (people)]] | ||
[[Category:Assassinated Indian journalists]] | [[Category:Assassinated Indian journalists]] | ||
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[[Category:Deaths by firearm in India]] | [[Category:Deaths by firearm in India]] | ||
[[Category:Businesspeople from Punjab, India]] | [[Category:Businesspeople from Punjab, India]] | ||
[[Category:1980s murders in India]] | [[Category:1980s murders in India]] | ||
[[Category:1981 crimes in India]] | [[Category:1981 crimes in India]] | ||
[[Category:1981 murders in Asia]] | [[Category:1981 murders in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]] | [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]] | ||