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{{short description|Indian independence activist}} | {{short description|Indian independence activist and the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru}} | ||
{{Cleanup|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing|date=May 2020}} | {{Cleanup|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing|date=May 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
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| name = | | name = | ||
| image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg | | image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg | ||
| caption = Undated photograph | |||
| alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru | | alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru | ||
| office = | | office = | ||
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| term_end = | | term_end = | ||
| predecessor = | | predecessor = | ||
| successor = | | successor = | ||
| birth_name = Kamala Kaul | | birth_name = Kamala Kaul | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|08|01|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1899|08|01|df=y}} | ||
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| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|1916|1936}} | | spouse = {{marriage|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|1916|1936}} | ||
| children = [[Indira Gandhi]] | | children = [[Indira Gandhi]] | ||
| parents = | |||
| religion = | |||
| family = [[Nehru–Gandhi family]] | |||
| relatives = [[Kailas Nath Kaul]] (brother) | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kamala | '''Kamala Nehru''' ([[Née|''née'']] '''Kaul'''; {{audio|Kamla Nehru.ogg|pronunciation}}; 1st August 1899 – 28 February 1936) was an Indian independence activist and the wife of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first Prime Minister of [[India]]. Her daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] was the first female Prime Minister of India. | ||
== Early life and marriage == | == Early life and marriage == | ||
Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=9–11|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju. | Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=9–11|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju. | ||
== | [[File:Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru 1916.jpg|thumb|Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru on their wedding day, 8 February 1916]] | ||
Kamala was involved with | |||
Kamala married [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] at the age of 16.<ref name=Jayakar1995/> Her husband went to a trip in the [[Himalayas]] shortly after their marriage.<ref name=windsor/> In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru, referring to his wife, stated "I almost overlooked her."<ref name=windsor>{{cite news|title=From years 1916 to 1964...The man and the times|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tzA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=81AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4355,5162968&dq=kamala+nehru&hl=en|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Windsor Star|date=27 May 1964}}</ref> Kamala gave birth to a girl child in November 1917, [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Priyadarshini]], who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party.<ref name=windsor/> | |||
== Harilal Gandhi Movement 1931 == | |||
Kamala was involved with Harilal Gandhi in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of 1931, she organized groups of women in [[Allahabad]] and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. The British soon realized the threat that Kamala Nehru posed to them and how popular she had become with women's groups all over India. She was thus arrested on two occasions for involvement in Independence struggle activities, along with [[Sarojini Naidu]], Nehru's mother and other women of the Indian freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=An Autobiography|date=26 January 1936|publisher=Bodley Head|location=London}}</ref><ref name="iloveindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/kamala-nehru.html|title=Kamala Nehru Biography|publisher=Iloveindia|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> During this period she started a dispensary in her house [[Swaraj Bhavan]], converting few rooms into a Congress Dispensary to treat wounded activists, their families, and other residents of Allahabad(now Prayagraj). After her death, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] with the help of other prominent leaders converted this dispensary into a proper hospital known as [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital]] in her memory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.knmhospital.org/legacy.aspx|title=KNMH : The Legacy|website=www.knmhospital.org}}</ref> | |||
Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=90–92|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British. | Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=90–92|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British. | ||
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=== In popular culture === | === In popular culture === | ||
''Kamala Nehru'' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref> | ''Kamala Kaul (Nehru) '' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||