Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India: Difference between revisions

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==Legislative history==
==Legislative history==
The bill of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 was introduced in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 16{{Nbsp}}December 1977 as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977. It was introduced by [[Shanti Bhushan]], [[Minister of Law and Justice|Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs]]. The bill sought to amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 74, 77, 83, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360, 366, 368 and 371F and the Seventh and Ninth Schedules to the Constitution; substitute new articles for articles 71, 103 and 192; insert new articles 134A, 361A and Chapter IV in Part XIII of the Constitution; and omit articles 31, 257A and 329A and Part XIVA of the Constitution. The Bill also sought repeal sections 18, 19, 21, 22, 31, 32, 34, 35, 58 and 59 of the 42nd Amendment Act.<ref name="Bhardwaj">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4yp0yhzdKWIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Constitution Amendment in India|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Northern Book Centre|editor=R.C. Bhardwaj|edition=Sixth|location=New Delhi|page=196|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Amendment">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/2.pdf|title=The Constitution Amendment Acts (First to Ninety-fourth) ''Objects and Reasons, Legislative History and Synopsis''|pages=183–196|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013122/http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/2.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
The bill of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 was introduced in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 16{{Nbsp}}December 1977 as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977. It was introduced by [[Shanti Bhushan]], [[Minister of Law and Justice|Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs]]. The bill sought to amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 74, 77, 83, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360, 366, 368 and 371F and the Seventh and Ninth Schedules to the Constitution; substitute new articles for articles 71, 103 and 192; insert new articles 134A, 361A and Chapter IV in Part XIII of the Constitution; and omit articles 31, 257A and 329A and Part XIVA of the Constitution. The Bill also sought repeal sections 18, 19, 21, 22, 31, 32, 34, 35, 58 and 59 of the 42nd Amendment Act.<ref name="Bhardwaj">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4yp0yhzdKWIC|title=Constitution Amendment in India|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Northern Book Centre|editor=R.C. Bhardwaj|edition=Sixth|location=New Delhi|page=196|isbn=9788172110659|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Amendment">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/2.pdf|title=The Constitution Amendment Acts (First to Ninety-fourth) ''Objects and Reasons, Legislative History and Synopsis''|pages=183–196|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013122/http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/2.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>


The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 and 23 August 1978. Clauses 1, 15 and 26 of the Bill were adopted by the Lok Sabha on 22  August with formal amendments to replace the word "Forty-fifth" with the word "Forty-fourth". Clauses 2 to 14, 16 to 20, 23 to 25, 27 to 40 and 42 to 49 were adopted in their original form. Clause 21, 22, and 41 of the bill were adopted by the House with amendments. The Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 23 August.{{fact|date=October 2019}}
The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 and 23 August 1978. Clauses 1, 15 and 26 of the Bill were adopted by the Lok Sabha on 22  August with formal amendments to replace the word "Forty-fifth" with the word "Forty-fourth". Clauses 2 to 14, 16 to 20, 23 to 25, 27 to 40 and 42 to 49 were adopted in their original form. Clause 21, 22, and 41 of the bill were adopted by the House with amendments. The Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 23 August.{{fact|date=October 2019}}
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