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Pratibha Patil: Difference between revisions
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| name = Pratibha Patil | | name = Pratibha Patil | ||
| office = 12th [[President of India]] | | office = 12th [[President of India]] | ||
| image = | | image = The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = Official | | caption = Official portrait, 2007 | ||
| predecessor = [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | | predecessor = [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | ||
| primeminister = [[Manmohan Singh]] | | primeminister = [[Manmohan Singh]] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
| successor2 = [[Najma Heptulla]] | | successor2 = [[Najma Heptulla]] | ||
| birth_name = Pratibha Devisingh Patil | | birth_name = Pratibha Devisingh Patil | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1934|12|19|df= | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1934|12|19|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_place = [[ | | birth_place = [[Chalisgaon]], [[Jalgaon District|District Jalgaon]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]<br/>(Now [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]) | ||
| spouse = {{ | | spouse = {{marriage|[[Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat]]|1965}} | ||
| alma_mater = [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Poona]] ([[B.A.|BA]], [[M.A.|MA]])<br />[[University of Bombay]] ([[LLB]]) | | alma_mater = [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Poona]] ([[B.A.|BA]], [[M.A.|MA]])<br />[[University of Bombay]] ([[LLB]]) | ||
| nationality = [[ | | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | ||
| website = {{URL|http://www.pratibhapatil.info/}} | | website = {{URL|http://www.pratibhapatil.info/}} | ||
| term_start = 25 July 2007 | | term_start = 25 July 2007 | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
| term_start1 = 8 November 2004 | | term_start1 = 8 November 2004 | ||
| term_end1 = 23 June 2007 | | term_end1 = 23 June 2007 | ||
| parents = Narayan Rao Patil | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Pratibha Devisingh Patil'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pratibhapatil.nic.in/profile.html |title=Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil |publisher=National Informatics Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919123602/http://pratibhapatil.nic.in/profile.html |archive-date=19 September 2018 |access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref> (born 19 December 1934) is an | '''Pratibha Devisingh Patil'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pratibhapatil.nic.in/profile.html |title=Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil |publisher=National Informatics Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919123602/http://pratibhapatil.nic.in/profile.html |archive-date=19 September 2018 |access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref> (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th [[president of India]] from 25 July 2007 to July 2012. A member of the [[Indian National Congress]], Patil is the [[female president|only woman]] to have held the office.<ref name="CBS">{{cite web | last=Reals | first=Tucker | title=India's First Woman President Elected | website=CBS News | date=21 July 2007 | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/indias-first-woman-president-elected/ | access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> She had previously served as the [[Governor of Rajasthan]] from 2004 to 2007. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| Line 41: | Line 42: | ||
Pratibha Devisingh Patil is the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.<ref name=RajAssembly>{{cite web |title=Ex Governor of Rajasthan |url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/PratibhaPatil.htm |publisher=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Secretariate |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804130808/http://rajassembly.nic.in/PratibhaPatil.htm |archive-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> She was born on 19 December 1934 in the village of [[Nadgaon]], in the [[Jalgaon district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. She was educated initially at R. R. Vidyalaya, [[Jalgaon]], and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in Political Science and Economics by [[Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon|Mooljee Jetha College]], Jalgaon (then under [[Pune University|Poona University]]), and then a Bachelor of Law degree by [[Government Law College, Bombay]], affiliated to the [[University of Bombay]] (now University of Mumbai). Patil then began to practice law at the Jalgaon District Court, while also taking interest in social issues such as improving the conditions faced by Indian women.<ref name=OfficialProfile>{{cite web |title=Profile: President of India |publisher=NIC / President's Secretariat |url=http://india.gov.in/govt/whoswho.php?id=2 |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208101656/http://india.gov.in/govt/whoswho.php?id=2 |archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref> | Pratibha Devisingh Patil is the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.<ref name=RajAssembly>{{cite web |title=Ex Governor of Rajasthan |url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/PratibhaPatil.htm |publisher=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Secretariate |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804130808/http://rajassembly.nic.in/PratibhaPatil.htm |archive-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> She was born on 19 December 1934 in the village of [[Nadgaon]], in the [[Jalgaon district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. She was educated initially at R. R. Vidyalaya, [[Jalgaon]], and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in Political Science and Economics by [[Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon|Mooljee Jetha College]], Jalgaon (then under [[Pune University|Poona University]]), and then a Bachelor of Law degree by [[Government Law College, Bombay]], affiliated to the [[University of Bombay]] (now University of Mumbai). Patil then began to practice law at the Jalgaon District Court, while also taking interest in social issues such as improving the conditions faced by Indian women.<ref name=OfficialProfile>{{cite web |title=Profile: President of India |publisher=NIC / President's Secretariat |url=http://india.gov.in/govt/whoswho.php?id=2 |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208101656/http://india.gov.in/govt/whoswho.php?id=2 |archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref> | ||
Patil married [[Devisingh | Patil married [[Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat]] on 7 July 1965. The couple has a daughter, Mrs.Jyoti Rathore and a son, [[Rajendra Singh alias Raosaheb Shekhawat]], who is also a politician.<ref name=RajAssembly /><ref>{{cite news |title=In Amravati, it's about taking revenge for 2009 polls |first=Kunal |last=Purohit |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 October 2014 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/in-amravati-it-is-about-taking-revenge-for-2009-polls/story-CaoFU6bvG2TS6tYEUdCGTJ.html |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> | ||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
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Due to the presidential role being largely a [[figurehead]] position, the selection of the candidate is often arranged by consensus among the various political parties and the candidate runs unopposed.<ref>{{cite news |title = Patil Poised to Become India's First Female President |first=Bibhudatta |last=Pradhan |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=aHJhXtWRZ4bA&refer=india |date=19 July 2007 |access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref> Contrary to the normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as "the latest casualty of the country's increasingly partisan politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as an acute crisis of leadership". It "degenerated into unseemly mudslinging between the ruling party and the opposition".<ref name=BBC20070713 /> Her challenger was [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], the incumbent vice-president and a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) veteran. Shekhawat stood as an independent candidate and was supported by the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), a group led by the BJP,<ref name=BBC20070719>{{cite news |date=19 July 2007 |publisher=BBC |title=Indian MPs vote for new president |access-date=2 July 2012 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6905905.stm}}</ref> although the [[Shiv Sena]] party, which was a part of NDA, supported her because of her [[Marathi people|Marathi]] origin.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/26/stories/2007062651100100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629015754/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/26/stories/2007062651100100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2007 |title=Shiv Sena backs Pratibha Patil |first=Meena |last=Menon |date=26 June 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> | Due to the presidential role being largely a [[figurehead]] position, the selection of the candidate is often arranged by consensus among the various political parties and the candidate runs unopposed.<ref>{{cite news |title = Patil Poised to Become India's First Female President |first=Bibhudatta |last=Pradhan |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=aHJhXtWRZ4bA&refer=india |date=19 July 2007 |access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref> Contrary to the normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as "the latest casualty of the country's increasingly partisan politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as an acute crisis of leadership". It "degenerated into unseemly mudslinging between the ruling party and the opposition".<ref name=BBC20070713 /> Her challenger was [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], the incumbent vice-president and a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) veteran. Shekhawat stood as an independent candidate and was supported by the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), a group led by the BJP,<ref name=BBC20070719>{{cite news |date=19 July 2007 |publisher=BBC |title=Indian MPs vote for new president |access-date=2 July 2012 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6905905.stm}}</ref> although the [[Shiv Sena]] party, which was a part of NDA, supported her because of her [[Marathi people|Marathi]] origin.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/26/stories/2007062651100100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629015754/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/26/stories/2007062651100100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2007 |title=Shiv Sena backs Pratibha Patil |first=Meena |last=Menon |date=26 June 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> | ||
Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she lacked charisma, experience, and ability. They also highlighted her time spent away from high-level politics and queried her belief in the supernatural, such as her claim to have received a message from [[Dada Lekhraj]], a dead [[guru]].<ref name=BBC20070721 /><ref name=BBC20070713 /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Pratibha_believes_in_spirits/articleshow/2152156.cms |title=Pratibha believes in spirits? |work=The Times of India |date=27 June 2007 |first=Himanshi |last=Dhawan |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> Various specific issues were raised, such as a comment made by her in 1975 that those suffering from hereditary diseases should be sterilized.<ref name=BBC20070721 /> Another alleged that while a Member of Parliament for Amravati she diverted Rs 3.6 million from her [[MPLADS]] fund to a trust run by her husband. This was in violation of Government rules which barred MPs from providing funds to | Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she lacked charisma, experience, and ability. They also highlighted her time spent away from high-level politics and queried her belief in the supernatural, such as her claim to have received a message from [[Dada Lekhraj]], a dead [[guru]].<ref name=BBC20070721 /><ref name=BBC20070713 /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Pratibha_believes_in_spirits/articleshow/2152156.cms |title=Pratibha believes in spirits? |work=The Times of India |date=27 June 2007 |first=Himanshi |last=Dhawan |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> Various specific issues were raised, such as a comment made by her in 1975 that those suffering from hereditary diseases should be sterilized.<ref name=BBC20070721 /> Another alleged that while a Member of Parliament for Amravati she diverted Rs 3.6 million from her [[MPLADS]] fund to a trust run by her husband. This was in violation of Government rules which barred MPs from providing funds to organization's run by their relatives.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1107938 |work=DNA |title=Now, a land grab haunts Patil |date=4 July 2007 |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> The parliamentary affairs minister denied any wrongdoing on Patils' part, and noted that the funds are used under MPLADS, by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/203981.html |title=For family again: Patil's MP funds for sports complex on land leased to husband society |work=Indian Express |date=6 July 2007 |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221143/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/203981.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> | ||
Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007. She garnered nearly two-thirds of the votes<ref>{{cite news |title=First female president for India |date=21 July 2007 |publisher=BBC |access-date=3 July 2012 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6909979.stm}}</ref> and | Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007. She garnered nearly two-thirds of the votes<ref>{{cite news |title=First female president for India |date=21 July 2007 |publisher=BBC |access-date=3 July 2012 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6909979.stm}}</ref> and took oath on 25 July 2007, as India's 12th president but 1st woman President.<ref name="CBS"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=B. |title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2009: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World |date=12 January 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-74027-7 |page=605 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Statesman_s_Yearbook_2009/ipPlDQAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> | ||
===In office=== | ===In office=== | ||