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{{Short description|Former princely state in India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}} | |||
{{more citations needed|date=December 2015}} | |||
{{Infobox former subdivision | {{Infobox former subdivision | ||
|native_name = | |native_name = | ||
|common_name = Junagarh | |||
|common_name = | |nation = [[British India]] | ||
|nation = [[British India]] | |||
|subdivision = [[Princely State]] | |subdivision = [[Princely State]] | ||
|era = | |era = | ||
|year_start = 1730 | |year_start = 1730 | ||
|date_start = | |date_start = | ||
|event_start= | |event_start = founded | ||
|year_end = 1948 | |year_end = 1948 | ||
|date_end = | |date_end = | ||
|event_end= | |event_end = [[Annexation of Junagarh]] | ||
|event1 = | |event1 = | ||
|date_event1 = | |date_event1 = | ||
|p1 = | |p1 = Maratha Empire | ||
|s1 = India | |s1 = Dominion of India | ||
|flag_p1 = | |flag_p1 = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg | ||
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg | |flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg | ||
|image_flag = | |image_flag = State Flag of Junaghad.jpg | ||
|image_coat = | |image_coat = Junaghad_State_Emblem_1947.png | ||
|image_map = | |image_map = Junaghad state.jpg | ||
|image_map_caption = | |image_map_caption = Location of Junagarh,<br/>among all districts shown in green | ||
|stat_area1 =8643 | |stat_area1 = 8643 | ||
|stat_year1 = 1921 | |stat_year1 = 1921 | ||
|stat_pop1 = | |stat_pop1 = 465,493 | ||
|today | |today = [[Gujarat]], [[India]] | ||
|footnotes = | |footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:India-GUJARAT.svg|thumb|Modern state of [[Gujarat]], shown within modern borders of India]] | |||
[[File:Drapeau Junagadh vector.svg|thumb|[[Civil ensign|Merchant Flag]]]] | |||
'''Junagarh''' or '''Junagadh''' was a [[princely state]] in [[Gujarat]]<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Junagarh |volume=15 |pages=554–555}}</ref> ruled by the Muslim [[Babi dynasty]] in [[British India]], until its annexation by the [[Government of India|Union of India]] in 1948. | |||
==History== | |||
Muhammad Sher Khan Babai was the founder of the [[Babi dynasty]] of Junagarh in 1654. His descendants, the Babi Nawabs of Junagarh, conquered large territories in southern [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. | |||
However, during the collapse of the [[Mughal Empire]], the Babis became involved in a struggle with the [[Gaekwad dynasty]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] over control of [[Gujarat]] during the reign of the local Mohammad Mahabat Khanji I. Mohammad Khan Bahadur Khanji I declared independence from the Mughal governor of Gujarat subah, and founded the state of Junagarh in 1730. This allowed the Babi to retain sovereignty of Junagarh and other princely states. During the reign of his heir Junagarh was a tributary to the Maratha Empire,<ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R--XMUsk7sIC&q=Junagadh+Marathas&pg=PA198 |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |page=198 |author1=Georg Pfeffer |author2=Deepak Kumar Behera |year=1997 |isbn=9788170229834 |author1-link=Georg Pfeffer}}</ref> until it came under [[Company rule in India|British suzerainty]] in 1807 under Mohammad Hamid Khanji I,<ref name=EB1911/> following the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]. | |||
In 1807 | In 1807, Junagarh became a British protectorate and the [[East India Company]] took control of the state. By 1818, the Saurashtra area, along with other [[princely states]] of [[Kathiawar]], were separately administrated under the [[Kathiawar Agency]] by [[British India]]. | ||
In 1947, upon the [[independence of India|independence]] and [[partition of India]], the last Babi dynasty ruler of the state, [[Muhammad Mahabat Khanji III]], decided to merge Junagarh into the newly formed [[Pakistan]]. | |||
===Rulers=== | ===Rulers=== | ||
The [[Nawab]]s of | {{main|Nawab of Junagarh}} | ||
The [[Nawab]]s of Junagarh belonged to [[Pashtuns|Pathan]] Babi or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]]. They were granted a 13 [[gun salute]] by the British authorities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/junagadh.html|title=JUNAGADH|first=Henry|last=Soszynski}}</ref> | |||
* 1730–1758 : Mohammad Bahadur Khanji I or Mohammad Sher Khan Babai<ref>[http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO0000002S6U00070000 Nawabs of Junagarh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209012232/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO0000002S6U00070000 |date=9 February 2012 }} British Library.</ref> | |||
* 1758–1774: Mohammad Mahabat Khanji I | |||
* 1774–1811: Mohammad Hamid Khanji I | |||
* 1811–1840: Mohammad Bahadur Khanji II | |||
* 1840–1851: Mohammad Hamid Khanji II | |||
* 1851–1882: Mohammad Mahabat Khanji II | |||
* 1882–1892: Mohammad Bahadur Khanji III | |||
* 1892–1911: Mohammad Rasul Khanji | |||
* 1911–1948: [[Muhammad Mahabat Khan III|Mohammad Mahabat Khanji III]] (last ruler before the integration of Junagarh to India) | |||
<gallery> | |||
Junagadh Nawab's and state officials, 19th century.jpg|Junagarh Nawabs and state officials, 19th century | |||
Mahabat Khan, the Nawab of Junagarh, 1870s.jpg|'''Mohammad Mahabat Khanji II''', the Nawab of Junagarh, with young, Mohammad Bahadur Khanji III, 1870s | |||
Bahadur Khanji III, Nawab of Junagadh, and state officials, 1880s.jpg|'''Bahadur Khanji II''' (r. 1882–1892), Nawab of Junagarh, and state officials, 1880s | |||
Mohammad Rasul Khanji, Nawab of Junagadh, Bahaduddinbhai Hasainbhai, Wazier, Junagadh, 1890s.jpg|'''Mohammad Rasul Khanji''', Nawab of Junagarh, Bahaduddinbhai Hasainbhai, Wazier, Junagarh, 1890s | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Rebellion== | |||
[[File:Junagadh CoA.jpg|thumb|A coat of arms was granted to Muhammed Mahabat Khanji II at the Durbar in Delhi of 1877, used until 1947.]] | |||
[[Koli people|Koli]] rebellion in Junagarh raised by Mansa Khant during time of [[Nawab]] Sher Khan the first ruler of Junagarh. He was against [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Rule]], Made [[Uparkot Fort]] his centre. He made a series of raids in surrounding villages and cities. Nawab was unsuccessful to control the rebellion. Mansa Khant occupied the Uparkot for thirteen months and make numerous raids mostly in countryside. Nawab started campaign against Khant. Nawab was assisted by king of [[Gondal State]] Thakur Sahib Haloji [[Jadeja]] and Arab Jamadar Sheikh Abdullah Zubeidi. The combined forces defeated the Khant and captured Uparkot and burnt down the rebellion.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=Mansa+Khant&pg=PT94|title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity|last1=Williams|first1=Raymond Brady|last2=Trivedi|first2=Yogi|date=12 May 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199089598|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/59303/8/08_chapter%20iv.pdf|website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> | |||
==Annexation by India== | |||
{{Main|Annexation of Junagarh}} | |||
In 1947, [[Shah Nawaz Bhutto]] joined the council of ministers of Nawab [[Muhammad Mahabat Khan III]], and in May became his [[dewan]] or prime minister. | |||
With the [[partition of India|independence of India]] in 1947, the princely states were left by the British to decide whether to accede to one of the newly independent states of [[India]] or [[Pakistan]] or to remain outside them. The Constitutional Advisor to the Nawab, Nabi Baksh, indicated to [[Lord Mountbatten]] that he was recommending that Junagarh should join India. However, upon the advice of Dewan Bhutto, on 15 August 1947, the Nawab announced that Junagarh had acceded to Pakistan. On 13 September, the Government of Pakistan accepted the accession.<ref>{{cite book |first=V. P. |last=Menon |title=The Story of Integration of the Indian States |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1956 |url=https://hidf1.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/the-story-of-the-integration-of-the-indian-states-by-v-p-menon.pdf |pages=85–87}}</ref> | |||
India sent its military into Junagarh while Nawab of Junagarh was in Pakistan and capture the state of junagarh overthrowing Nawab and the rights of princely states. The [[Annexation of Junagarh]] into India led the<ref name="auto">Gandhi, Rajmohan (1991). Patel: A Life. India: Navajivan. p. 292.</ref> Nawab [[Muhammad Mahabat Khan III]] of Junagarh (erstwhile Babi nawab dynasty of Junagarh) left to live in [[Sindh]], Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.junagadhmunicipal.org/history.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225220311/http://www.junagadhmunicipal.org/history.php |archive-date=25 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
===Pakistan's claim=== | |||
Pakistan's government has maintained its territorial claim on Junagadh, along with [[Manavadar]] and [[Sir Creek]] in Gujarat, on its official political map issued on 4th August 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/world/pakistan-unveils-new-political-map-claiming-jammu-india-retorts/|title=After Nepal, Pakistan unveils new political map; Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh claimed, India retorts|work=Himalayan Times|date=4 August 2020|accessdate=4 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1572590|title=In landmark move, PM Imran unveils 'new political map' of Pakistan|work=Dawn|date=4 August 2020|accessdate=5 August 2020|first=Naveed|last=Siddiqui}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Annexation of Junagarh]] | |||
*[[Manavadar State]] | |||
*[[V. P. Menon]] | |||
*[[Political integration of India]] | |||
*[[Pathans of Gujarat]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== External links == | ==External links== | ||
{{ | {{commonscat}} | ||
* | *{{official|http://www.junagadhstate.org }} | ||
*[http://indiannumismatics.com/about-monograms.php Classic Gallery of Indian Numismatics] | *[http://indiannumismatics.com/about-monograms.php Classic Gallery of Indian Numismatics] | ||
*[http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaGujarat2.htm Heraldry of the princely states of Gujarat] | *[http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaGujarat2.htm Heraldry of the princely states of Gujarat] | ||
{{Princely states of India}} | |||
{{Princely states of the Western India States Agency}} | |||
{{coord|21.52|N|70.47|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}} | {{coord|21.52|N|70.47|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}} | ||
[[Category:1730 establishments in India]] | |||
[[Category:1730 establishments]] | |||
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]] | [[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Bombay Presidency]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Former protectorates]] | ||
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]] | |||
[[Category:Kathiawar Agency]] | |||
[[Category:Muslim princely states of India]] | |||
[[Category:Pashtun dynasties]] | |||
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]] | |||