Jai Hind: Difference between revisions

{{short description|salutation used to express patriotism in India}}

'''Jai Hind''' ({{Lang-hi|जय हिन्द}}, {{IPA-hi|dʒəj ɦɪnd|IPA}}) is a salutation and slogan that originally meant "Victory to India",<ref>{{cite book |title=A comprehensive history of modern India |last=Chopra |first=Pram Nath |year=2003 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |isbn=81-207-2506-9 |page=283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA283 |access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> and in contemporary colloquial usage usually means "Long live India"<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rise and Fall of the British Empire |last=James |first=Lawrence |year=1997 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-16985-5<!-- 8120725069--> |page=548 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DMS3r_BxOYC&q=jai+hind+long+live+india&pg=RA4-PA548-IA8 |access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> or "Salute to India". Coined and used during [[Indian independence movement|India's independence movement]] from [[British Raj|British rule]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Ian W. Archer|title=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foj2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-06386-0|page=203}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gyanendra Pandey|title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C |year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00250-9|pages=100–101}}</ref> it emerged as a form of [[battle cry]] and in political speeches.<ref name=bose2018 />

==History==

According to grand-nephew [[Sumantra Bose]], a historian, the phrase is devoid of any religious tone. The term became popular as a slogan and greeting of the Indian National Army organized by Subhas Chandra Bose and his colleagues, particularly between 1943–45.<ref name=bose2018/> After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan, and has been a common form of greeting the people of India by its political leaders and prime ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru,<ref name="Zachariah2004">{{cite book|author=Benjamin Zachariah|title=Nehru|url=https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-57740-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach/page/126 126]–127}}</ref> Indira Gandhi,<ref name=ighandi1984/> Rajiv Gandhi, P V Narasimha Rao, and others.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jagdish Bhagwati|author2=Arvind Panagariya|title=Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for Other Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEm-kZpLY7UC&pg=PT35|year=2013|publisher=Public Affairs|isbn=978-1-61039-272-3|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9SwAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|page=1325}}</ref> Indira Gandhi would end her political speeches with triple shouts of "Jai Hind".<ref name=ighandi1984>{{cite book|author=Indira Gandhi|title=Selected speeches and writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-October 30, 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAtuAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|pages=273 }}</ref> Since the mid-1990s, came to be used as a greeting among the Indian Army personnel.<ref name=bose2018>{{cite book|author=Sumantra Bose|title=Secular States, Religious Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrxsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47203-6|pages=49–50}}</ref>

*''[[Jai Hind (1994 film)|Jai Hind]]'' (1994), a Tamil movie with [[Arjun Sarja]] as hero

* ''Jai Hind'' (1999), a Hindi film, made by actor-director [[Manoj Kumar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|0286728|Jai Hind}}</ref>

* [[Jai Hind College]], [[Mumbai]]

* ''[[Jai Hind (newspaper)|Jai Hind]]'', a Gujarati newspaper

{{Reflist}}

{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}

{{Authority control}}