Manda, Jammu: Difference between revisions

78-200 C.E (''Kushan Empire'')<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA212 |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations |last=Higham |first=Charles |date=2014-05-14 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438109961 |pages=212 |language=en |access-date=2020-11-08 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108180437/https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live }}</ref>|cultures=|dependency_of=|occupants=|excavations=1976-77|builder=|archaeologists=[[J. P. Joshi]]|condition=Abandoned|ownership=|management=|public_access=|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->|material=|height=|alternate_name=|relief=|image=|alt=|caption=|map_type=India Jammu and Kashmir|map_alt=India|map_size=270|coordinates={{coord|32|56|00|N|74|48|00|E|display=inline,title}}|area=|location=Manda, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]|region=India|type=Town|part_of=[[Indus Valley Civilisation]], [[Mauryan Empire]] and [[Kushan Empire]]|length=|width=|notes=}}'''Manda''' is a village and an [[archaeological]] site in [[Jammu]]. Jammu is in the [[India|Indian]] [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It was excavated by Archaeological Survey of India during 1976-77. The survey was done by [[J. P. Joshi]]. The site contains the [[ruins]] of an ancient [[Indus Valley civilization|Indus Valley Civilization]].<ref name="archaeology">Indian Archaeology 1976-77, A Review. Archeologival Survey of India, New Delhi.1980. Page 19-21. [http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201976-77%20A%20Review.pdf ASI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508073039/http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201976-77%20A%20Review.pdf|date=8 May 2012}}</ref>

Manda is on the right river bank of Chenab River. The river is at the foot of Pir Panjal mountain range. Manda is 28&nbsp;km northwest of Jammu. It was thought to be the northernmost limit of the [[Indus Valley civilization|Harappan Civilisation]].<ref name="archaeology1">{{Cite web|title=Archaeological Survey of India|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_jammukashmir.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160644/http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_jammukashmir.asp|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=22 June 2012}}</ref> It is also considered the northmost site of [[Indus Valley civilization|Indus Valley Civilisation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Sudershan|year=2012|title=Akhnoor and Indus Valley Civilization|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/akhnoor-and-indus-valley-civilization/|publisher=Daily Excelsior|language=English|access-date=2020-11-08|archive-date=2019-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008172514/https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/akhnoor-and-indus-valley-civilization/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA212|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations|last=Higham|first=Charles|date=2014-05-14|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438109961|pages=212|language=en|access-date=2020-11-08|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108180443/https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA212|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shinde|first=Vasant|date=Feb 1, 2016|title=Harappan Civilization: Current Perspective and its Contribution – By Dr. Vasant Shinde|url=http://www.sindhulogy.org/cdn/articles/harappan-civilization-current-perspective-and-its-contribution-vasant-shinde/|at=Origin and Extent|access-date=November 8, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805100348/https://www.sindhulogy.org/cdn/articles/harappan-civilization-current-perspective-and-its-contribution-vasant-shinde/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Concept, Provenance and Chronology of Painted Grey Ware|last=Roy|first=T.N|publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO)|year=1984|volume=34|pages=127–137|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259513969|title=Archaeobotanical evidence of millets in the Indian subcontinent with some observations on their role in the Indus civilization|last=Pokharia, Anil K,Jeewan Singh Kharakwal,Alka Srivastava|publisher=Journal of Archaeological Science 42 (2014)|page=442-455|access-date=2020-11-08|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108180439/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259513969_Archaeobotanical_evidence_of_millets_in_the_Indian_subcontinent_with_some_observations_on_their_role_in_the_Indus_civilization|url-status=live}}</ref>