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The '''Coastal Road''' is an under construction 8-lane, 22.2-km long freeway that would run along Mumbai's western coastline connecting Marine Lines in the south to Kandivali in the north.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/south-mumbai-to-worli-coastal-road-work-to-begin-next-month/story-Jm1tXAY6rzWfIqYWR5e6FO.html|title=South Mumbai to Worli: Coastal road work to begin next month|date=26 September 2018|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The Coastal Road is projected to be used by 130,000 vehicles daily and is expected to reduce travel time between South Mumbai and the Western Suburbs from 2 hours to 40 minutes. The estimated cost of the project is {{INRConvert|12000|c}}. Its first phase, a 9.98 km section from Princess Street flyover to the Worli end of the [[Bandra-Worli Sea Link]], is expected to be completed by | The '''Coastal Road''' is an under construction 8-lane, 22.2-km long freeway that would run along Mumbai's western coastline connecting [[Marine Lines]] in the south to [[Kandivali]] in the north.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/south-mumbai-to-worli-coastal-road-work-to-begin-next-month/story-Jm1tXAY6rzWfIqYWR5e6FO.html|title=South Mumbai to Worli: Coastal road work to begin next month|date=26 September 2018|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The Coastal Road is projected to be used by 130,000 vehicles daily and is expected to reduce travel time between South Mumbai and the Western Suburbs from 2 hours to 40 minutes. The estimated cost of the project is {{INRConvert|12000|c}}. Its first phase, a 9.98 km section from [[Princess Street (Mumbai)|Princess Street]] flyover to the [[Worli]] end of the [[Bandra-Worli Sea Link]], is expected to be completed by November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 September 2021|title=Mumbai coastal road 40% complete, likely to open in November 2023, says civic chief|url=https://theprint.in/india/mumbai-coastal-road-40-complete-likely-to-open-in-november-2023-says-civic-chief/738687/?amp|url-status=live|website=The Print}}</ref> | ||
== Planning == | == Planning == | ||
Wilbur Smith and Associates, commissioned in 1962 to study transportation in Mumbai, recommended construction of a 3.6 km road between [[Haji Ali]] and [[Nariman Point]] on reclaimed land and 1.04 km tunnel under Malabar Hill up to [[Girgaum Chowpatty]]. Smith's report also proposed connectors to Walkeshwar Road and Chowpatty. However, the proposed road was not built.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shukla|first=Alka|title=The man who saw tomorrow...|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/The-man-who-saw-tomorrow--/articleshow/16111678.cms|access-date=31 March 2014|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|date=22 March 2011|location=Mumbai}}</ref><ref name="Lewis"/> In 2011, Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Prithviraj Chavan]] proposed the Coastal Road as an alternative to the plan for the [[Western Freeway (Mumbai)|Western Freeway]]. Chavan asked the MSRDC to think of building coastal roads instead of capital intensive sea links. He appointed a Joint Technical Committee, comprising experts and officials, in 2012 under the then Municipal commissioner Subodh Kumar to study the plan to build a coastal road. In its report, submitted in January 2012, the committee advised the government to build a 35.6 km coastal freeway from Manora MLA Hostel at Nariman Point to Kandivali to ease traffic congestion. The project was estimated to cost {{INRConvert|100|b}} and would have consisted of roads built on reclaimed land as well as stilts, bridges and tunnels. The committee was against building any more sea links and pointed out that the coastal road would help save {{INRConvert|120|b}} of public money.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cm-roots-for-coastal-road-says-sea-links-impractical/1103588/0 |title=CM roots for coastal road, says sea links impractical |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> | Wilbur Smith and Associates, commissioned in 1962 to study transportation in Mumbai, recommended construction of a 3.6 km road between [[Haji Ali]] and [[Nariman Point]] on reclaimed land and 1.04 km tunnel under Malabar Hill up to [[Girgaum Chowpatty]]. Smith's report also proposed connectors to Walkeshwar Road and Chowpatty. However, the proposed road was not built.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shukla|first=Alka|title=The man who saw tomorrow...|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/The-man-who-saw-tomorrow--/articleshow/16111678.cms|access-date=31 March 2014|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|date=22 March 2011|location=Mumbai}}</ref><ref name="Lewis">{{cite web|last=Lewis|first=Clara|title=Mumbai Coastal road may get 130,000 cars a day {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/coastal-road-may-get-130000-cars-a-day/articleshow/69051465.cms|access-date=27 April 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In 2011, Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Prithviraj Chavan]] proposed the Coastal Road as an alternative to the plan for the [[Western Freeway (Mumbai)|Western Freeway]]. Chavan asked the MSRDC to think of building coastal roads instead of capital intensive sea links. He appointed a Joint Technical Committee, comprising experts and officials, in 2012 under the then Municipal commissioner Subodh Kumar to study the plan to build a coastal road. In its report, submitted in January 2012, the committee advised the government to build a 35.6 km coastal freeway from Manora MLA Hostel at Nariman Point to Kandivali to ease traffic congestion. The project was estimated to cost {{INRConvert|100|b}} and would have consisted of roads built on reclaimed land as well as stilts, bridges and tunnels. The committee was against building any more sea links and pointed out that the coastal road would help save {{INRConvert|120|b}} of public money.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cm-roots-for-coastal-road-says-sea-links-impractical/1103588/0 |title=CM roots for coastal road, says sea links impractical |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
The 35.6 km road was proposed to begin near Manora (MLA Hostel), with entry and exit points at Jagannath Bhosale Marg, move along Marine Drive and lead into a tunnel that would go under Malabar Hill and exit on the other side of Priyadarshini Park. This stretch was proposed to be built on reclaimed portions up to Haji Ali, and then to Lala Lajpatrai Road in Worli. The coastal freeway would then be connected to the Worli arm of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link by a bridge. On the Bandra side, the coastal road skirting the fort would connect the coastal freeway up to Chimbai village, where a bridge was proposed. A road by reclamation of mangroves, further north, or a road on stilts, and an elevated road between Oshiwara and Malad was also proposed. The proposed freeway would have had 18 entry and exit points along its route.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-14/mumbai/39975235_1_coastal-road-ring-road-project-priyadarshini-park |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927014418/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-14/mumbai/39975235_1_coastal-road-ring-road-project-priyadarshini-park |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2013 |title=Coastal road inches closer to reality |date=14 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> The project is estimated to cost {{INRConvert|80|b}}—{{INRConvert|100|b}}, and take 5 years to complete.<ref name="mid-day.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-coastal-road-from-kandivli-to-nariman-point-gets-the-thumbs-up/16275152|title=Mumbai: Coastal road from Kandivli to Nariman Point gets the thumbs-up|date=9 June 2015}}</ref> Critics of the freeway opposed it due to the reclamation required and have also cited possible environmental degradation along the coast.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-21/mumbai/38709516_1_eastern-freeway-sea-link-project-open-spaces |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424015408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-21/mumbai/38709516_1_eastern-freeway-sea-link-project-open-spaces |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 2013 |title=Hunt resumes for consultant for Rs 8,000-cr western freeway |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/1853155/column-even-uttarakhand-tragedy-will-not-stop-reckless-development |title=Even Uttarakhand tragedy will not stop reckless development |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=8 April 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> | The 35.6 km road was proposed to begin near Manora (MLA Hostel), with entry and exit points at Jagannath Bhosale Marg, move along Marine Drive and lead into a tunnel that would go under Malabar Hill and exit on the other side of Priyadarshini Park. This stretch was proposed to be built on reclaimed portions up to Haji Ali, and then to Lala Lajpatrai Road in Worli. The coastal freeway would then be connected to the Worli arm of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link by a bridge. On the Bandra side, the coastal road skirting the fort would connect the coastal freeway up to Chimbai village, where a bridge was proposed. A road by reclamation of mangroves, further north, or a road on stilts, and an elevated road between Oshiwara and Malad was also proposed. The proposed freeway would have had 18 entry and exit points along its route.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-14/mumbai/39975235_1_coastal-road-ring-road-project-priyadarshini-park |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927014418/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-14/mumbai/39975235_1_coastal-road-ring-road-project-priyadarshini-park |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2013 |title=Coastal road inches closer to reality |date=14 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> The project is estimated to cost {{INRConvert|80|b}}—{{INRConvert|100|b}}, and take 5 years to complete.<ref name="mid-day.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-coastal-road-from-kandivli-to-nariman-point-gets-the-thumbs-up/16275152|title=Mumbai: Coastal road from Kandivli to Nariman Point gets the thumbs-up|date=9 June 2015}}</ref> Critics of the freeway opposed it due to the reclamation required and have also cited possible environmental degradation along the coast.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-21/mumbai/38709516_1_eastern-freeway-sea-link-project-open-spaces |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424015408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-21/mumbai/38709516_1_eastern-freeway-sea-link-project-open-spaces |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 2013 |title=Hunt resumes for consultant for Rs 8,000-cr western freeway |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/1853155/column-even-uttarakhand-tragedy-will-not-stop-reckless-development |title=Even Uttarakhand tragedy will not stop reckless development |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=8 April 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
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The first phase of the project is a 9.98 km section from Princess Street Flyover at Marine Lines to the Worli end of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL).<ref>{{cite web|title=Coastal road will be extended to Mumbai-Ahmedabad highway: Uddhav|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coastal-road-will-be-extended-to-mumbai-ahmedabad-highway-uddhav/story-9GvCP3qCRI1kRwKD3mKC8H.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=26 November 2016|date=27 November 2016}}</ref> | The first phase of the project is a 9.98 km section from Princess Street Flyover at Marine Lines to the Worli end of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL).<ref>{{cite web|title=Coastal road will be extended to Mumbai-Ahmedabad highway: Uddhav|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coastal-road-will-be-extended-to-mumbai-ahmedabad-highway-uddhav/story-9GvCP3qCRI1kRwKD3mKC8H.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=26 November 2016|date=27 November 2016}}</ref> | ||
The [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] awarded contracts for the project in four packages in October 2018. Larsen and Toubro was awarded Package 1 and 4 at a cost of {{INRConvert|7489|c}}, and a joint venture between Hindustan Construction Company (55%) and Hyundai Development Company (45%) was awarded Package 2 and 3 at a cost of {{INRConvert|2126|c}}. Package 1 includes the construction of a 3.82 km long section over reclaimed land from Priyadarshini Park to Baroda Palace and interchanges at Amarson Garden and Haji Ali. Package 4 includes the construction of a 3.93 km section from Princess Street flyover to Priyadarshini Park, including the up and down ramps from Marine Drive connecting to the twin tunnels passing below Girgaum Chowpatty, Malabar Hills and exit at Priyadarshini Park to connect with section in Package 1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=Our |title=L&T bags Rs 7,489-cr Mumbai coastal road project |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/lt-bags-rs-7489-cr-mumbai-coastal-road-project/article25095335.ece |website=Hindu Business Line |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=Our |title=HCC venture wins ₹2,126-cr Mumbai Coastal road project |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hcc-venture-wins-2126-cr-mumbai-coastal-road-project/article25111489.ece |website=Hindu Business Line |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Packages 2 and 3 involves a bridge spanning 0.9 km, an interchange, a 3.2-km-long ramp and a 1.9-km embankment between Baroda Palace near Haji Ali and the Worli end of Bandra Worli Sea Link.<ref>{{cite web | | The [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] awarded contracts for the project in four packages in October 2018. Larsen and Toubro was awarded Package 1 and 4 at a cost of {{INRConvert|7489|c}}, and a joint venture between Hindustan Construction Company (55%) and Hyundai Development Company (45%) was awarded Package 2 and 3 at a cost of {{INRConvert|2126|c}}. Package 1 includes the construction of a 3.82 km long section over reclaimed land from Priyadarshini Park to Baroda Palace and interchanges at Amarson Garden and Haji Ali. Package 4 includes the construction of a 3.93 km section from Princess Street flyover to Priyadarshini Park, including the up and down ramps from Marine Drive connecting to the twin tunnels passing below Girgaum Chowpatty, Malabar Hills and exit at Priyadarshini Park to connect with section in Package 1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=Our |title=L&T bags Rs 7,489-cr Mumbai coastal road project |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/lt-bags-rs-7489-cr-mumbai-coastal-road-project/article25095335.ece |website=Hindu Business Line |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=Our |title=HCC venture wins ₹2,126-cr Mumbai Coastal road project |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hcc-venture-wins-2126-cr-mumbai-coastal-road-project/article25111489.ece |website=Hindu Business Line |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Packages 2 and 3 involves a bridge spanning 0.9 km, an interchange, a 3.2-km-long ramp and a 1.9-km embankment between Baroda Palace near Haji Ali and the Worli end of Bandra Worli Sea Link.<ref>{{cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |title=HCC-Hyundai Development Corp JV bags Rs 21-bn Mumbai Coastal Road Project |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hcc-hyundai-development-corp-jv-bags-rs-21-bn-mumbai-coastal-road-project-118100300335_1.html |website=Business Standard India |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=3 October 2018}}</ref> | ||
Construction on the project began in October 2018,<ref>{{cite web |title=Will Mumbai's new coastal road destroy an entire village? |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/will-mumbai-s-new-coastal-road-destroy-an-entire-village-1553332665335.html |website=Livemint |access-date=29 March 2019 |date=24 March 2019}}</ref> and was expected to be completed in 2022. Nine petitioners moved the Bombay High Court seeking to halt construction alleging that land reclamation was illegal and would irreversibly alter the coastal environment. On 16 April 2019, the High Court ordered all construction activities on the project to be halted until 3 June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai coastal road project: HC asks BMC to stop all reclamation work, maintain status quo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/coastal-road-hc-asks-bmc-to-stop-all-reclamation-work-maintain-status-quo-5691252/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en-IN |date=24 April 2019}}</ref> On 26 April 2019, the BMC appealed the order in the Supreme Court. The agency stated that it had received all required permissions to carry out construction and that delay due to the stay order was causing a loss of {{INRConvert|10|c}} per day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshp |first1=Swati |last2=Apr 26 |first2=e {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=BMC: Mumbai: BMC goes to SC against HC order; wants reclamation work to resume for coastal road |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-bmc-goes-to-sc-against-hc-order-wants-reclamation-work-to-resume-for-coastal-road/articleshow/69062147.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 6 May, the Supreme Court permitted contractors to continue work in areas where construction had already begun but prohibited beginning work in any new areas pending the Bombay High Court's decision in June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshp |first1=Swati |last2=May 6 |first2=e {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=SC allows contractors of Mumbai Coastal Road to go on with ongoing work in existing locations {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/sc-allows-contractors-of-mumbai-coastal-road-to-go-on-with-ongoing-work-in-existing-locations/articleshow/69198898.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |last2=Deshpande |first2=Tanvi |title=SC clears the decks for coastal road |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sc-clears-the-decks-for-coastal-road/article27053093.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=8 May 2019 |language=en-IN |date=7 May 2019}}</ref> Contractors resumed piling work at Amarsons Garden within hours of the Supreme Court decision.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal road back on track: Mumbai civic body resumes work after SC reprieve |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coastal-road-back-on-track-mumbai-civic-body-resumes-work-after-sc-reprieve/story-3cjYZOEFb0pxtVzPAZlKsN.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 May 2019 |language=en |date=6 May 2019}}</ref> BMC officials stated on 14 May that round-the-clock construction had resumed at all project sites covered by the Supreme Court's order. The agency had already begun construction activities for about 17% of the total work on Phase I. The work includes construction of a sea wall, site offices for engineers, and pits for construction of the two tunnels. The BMC stated that it had expected to complete this work before the start of the monsoon season and had planned to pause construction during the monsoon to reduce impact on marine life. Due to the delays caused by the Court case, the agency stated that it would continue construction throughout the monsoon season whenever it was possible to do so without impacting marine life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coast is clear for road to unclog Mumbai |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coast-is-clear-for-road-to-unclog-mumbai/story-cbLUqtIBnF4MnA7kL9p0nK.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 May 2019 |language=en |date=14 May 2019}}</ref> | Construction on the project began in October 2018,<ref>{{cite web |title=Will Mumbai's new coastal road destroy an entire village? |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/will-mumbai-s-new-coastal-road-destroy-an-entire-village-1553332665335.html |website=Livemint |access-date=29 March 2019 |date=24 March 2019}}</ref> and was expected to be completed in 2022. Nine petitioners moved the Bombay High Court seeking to halt construction alleging that land reclamation was illegal and would irreversibly alter the coastal environment. On 16 April 2019, the High Court ordered all construction activities on the project to be halted until 3 June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai coastal road project: HC asks BMC to stop all reclamation work, maintain status quo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/coastal-road-hc-asks-bmc-to-stop-all-reclamation-work-maintain-status-quo-5691252/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en-IN |date=24 April 2019}}</ref> On 26 April 2019, the BMC appealed the order in the Supreme Court. The agency stated that it had received all required permissions to carry out construction and that delay due to the stay order was causing a loss of {{INRConvert|10|c}} per day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshp |first1=Swati |last2=Apr 26 |first2=e {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=BMC: Mumbai: BMC goes to SC against HC order; wants reclamation work to resume for coastal road |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-bmc-goes-to-sc-against-hc-order-wants-reclamation-work-to-resume-for-coastal-road/articleshow/69062147.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 6 May, the Supreme Court permitted contractors to continue work in areas where construction had already begun but prohibited beginning work in any new areas pending the Bombay High Court's decision in June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshp |first1=Swati |last2=May 6 |first2=e {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=SC allows contractors of Mumbai Coastal Road to go on with ongoing work in existing locations {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/sc-allows-contractors-of-mumbai-coastal-road-to-go-on-with-ongoing-work-in-existing-locations/articleshow/69198898.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |last2=Deshpande |first2=Tanvi |title=SC clears the decks for coastal road |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sc-clears-the-decks-for-coastal-road/article27053093.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=8 May 2019 |language=en-IN |date=7 May 2019}}</ref> Contractors resumed piling work at Amarsons Garden within hours of the Supreme Court decision.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal road back on track: Mumbai civic body resumes work after SC reprieve |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coastal-road-back-on-track-mumbai-civic-body-resumes-work-after-sc-reprieve/story-3cjYZOEFb0pxtVzPAZlKsN.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 May 2019 |language=en |date=6 May 2019}}</ref> BMC officials stated on 14 May that round-the-clock construction had resumed at all project sites covered by the Supreme Court's order. The agency had already begun construction activities for about 17% of the total work on Phase I. The work includes construction of a sea wall, site offices for engineers, and pits for construction of the two tunnels. The BMC stated that it had expected to complete this work before the start of the monsoon season and had planned to pause construction during the monsoon to reduce impact on marine life. Due to the delays caused by the Court case, the agency stated that it would continue construction throughout the monsoon season whenever it was possible to do so without impacting marine life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coast is clear for road to unclog Mumbai |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coast-is-clear-for-road-to-unclog-mumbai/story-cbLUqtIBnF4MnA7kL9p0nK.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 May 2019 |language=en |date=14 May 2019}}</ref> | ||
The BMC filed affidavits in response to the petitions challenging the project in the High Court on 3 June. The Court commenced hearings on the petitions from 17 June.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal road to ease traffic flow; payout for project-hit fishermen: MCGM tells Bombay HC |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coastal-road-to-ease-traffic-flow-payout-for-project-hit-fishermen-mcgm-tells-bombay-hc-4060681.html |website=Moneycontrol |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jun 4 |first1=PTI {{!}} Updated |title=Coastal road project in larger public interest, compensation will be given to fishermen: MCGM tells Bombay High Court |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/civic/coastal-road-project-in-larger-public-interest-compensation-will-be-given-to-fishermen-mcgm-tells-bombay-high-court/articleshow/69642825.cms |website=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=6 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The BMC stated that it had received all necessary environmental approvals related to the project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jun 25 |first1=TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Have approvals for coastal road, BMC tells Bombay high court |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/have-approvals-for-coastal-road-bmc-tells-bombay-high-court/articleshow/69936439.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |title=Coastal road project does not need environmental nod |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/coastal-road-project-does-not-need-environmental-nod/article28129989.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en-IN |date=25 June 2019}}</ref> The Court reserved judgment on the public interest litigations on 1 July, and will commence final hearings on 17 July 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai: Coastal road project; HC reserves orders on pleas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-coastal-road-project-hc-reserves-orders-on-pleas-5809928/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en-IN |date=2 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jul 2 |first1=TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Bombay HC reserves judgment on coastal road PILs {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bombay-hc-reserves-judgment-on-coastal-road-pils/articleshow/70034867.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | | The BMC filed affidavits in response to the petitions challenging the project in the High Court on 3 June. The Court commenced hearings on the petitions from 17 June.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal road to ease traffic flow; payout for project-hit fishermen: MCGM tells Bombay HC |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coastal-road-to-ease-traffic-flow-payout-for-project-hit-fishermen-mcgm-tells-bombay-hc-4060681.html |website=Moneycontrol |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jun 4 |first1=PTI {{!}} Updated |title=Coastal road project in larger public interest, compensation will be given to fishermen: MCGM tells Bombay High Court |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/civic/coastal-road-project-in-larger-public-interest-compensation-will-be-given-to-fishermen-mcgm-tells-bombay-high-court/articleshow/69642825.cms |website=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=6 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The BMC stated that it had received all necessary environmental approvals related to the project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jun 25 |first1=TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Have approvals for coastal road, BMC tells Bombay high court |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/have-approvals-for-coastal-road-bmc-tells-bombay-high-court/articleshow/69936439.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |title=Coastal road project does not need environmental nod |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/coastal-road-project-does-not-need-environmental-nod/article28129989.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en-IN |date=25 June 2019}}</ref> The Court reserved judgment on the public interest litigations on 1 July, and will commence final hearings on 17 July 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai: Coastal road project; HC reserves orders on pleas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-coastal-road-project-hc-reserves-orders-on-pleas-5809928/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en-IN |date=2 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jul 2 |first1=TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Bombay HC reserves judgment on coastal road PILs {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bombay-hc-reserves-judgment-on-coastal-road-pils/articleshow/70034867.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=HC reserves judgement for PILs against Mumbai coastal road project |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hc-reserves-judgement-for-pils-against-mumbai-coastal-road-project-119070100662_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=2 July 2019 |date=1 July 2019}}</ref> On 16 July, the Bombay High Court cancelled the approval granted by MCZMA and by the MoEF to the Coastal Road project citing a lack of "proper scientific study". The Court ruled that the MCGM could not proceed with construction until they obtained an environmental clearance after a proper Environmental Impact Assessment was conducted, and the MCZMA would require permission under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghadyalpatil |first1=Abhiram |title=Bombay HC quashes permits for ₹14,000-crore coastal road project |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bombay-hc-quashes-permits-for-14-000-crore-coastal-road-project-1563297348069.html |website=www.livemint.com |access-date=11 August 2019 |language=en |date=16 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshp |first1=Swati |last2=Jul 16 |first2=e {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Bombay high court allows PIL against Coastal Road; says environmental clearance is required {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bombay-high-court-allows-pil-against-coastal-road-says-environmental-clearance-is-required/articleshow/70240241.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=11 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 27 July, the Supreme Court refused to stay the High Court's order halting construction on the project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jul 27 |first1=Agencies {{!}} Updated |title=Mumbai coastal road project: SC refuses to stay Bombay HC order on coastal road |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mumbai-coastal-road-project-sc-refuses-to-stay-bombay-hc-order-on-coastal-road/articleshow/70392765.cms |website=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=11 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bindra |first1=Japnam |title=Mumbai coastal road project: SC refuses to stay HC's decision quashing CRZ nod |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-project-sc-refuses-to-stay-hc-s-decision-quashing-crz-nod-1564142272341.html |website=www.livemint.com |access-date=11 August 2019 |language=en |date=26 July 2019}}</ref> However, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the MCGM's plea seeking interim relief on 20 August.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aryan |first1=Aashish |title=SC refuses to stay HC order scrapping coastal road project clearances |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/sc-refuses-to-stay-hc-order-scrapping-coastal-road-project-clearances-119072601130_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=11 August 2019 |date=26 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
The BMC administration informed corporators on 21 August that work had been completely halted since 16 July. The agency stated that it had completed 6.25% of the total work on the project and had spent {{INRConvert|593|c}}. The BMC also stated that it had planned to complete 12.56% of the work at this stage but was unable to do so due to the legal hurdles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Coastal Road Project: BMC files report, says only 6.25% of work complete |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-coastal-road-project-bmc-files-report-says-only-6-25-of-work-complete-5925125/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=15 September 2019 |language=en-IN |date=22 August 2019}}</ref> Contractors began decommissioning machinery and equipment from work sites in September 2019. BMC chief Praveen Pardeshi stated that work would only resume after the Supreme Court verdict. ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' quoted an unnamed BMC official as stating that the machinery was being removed from the Tata Garden area to facilitate the filming of the Hollywood film [[Tenet (film)|''Tenet'']].<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal road project: Contractors decommission machinery following HC stay |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coastal-road-project-contractors-decommission-machinery-following-hc-stay/story-WbPJtW7zehp1MO9YUqXbRI.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=15 September 2019 |language=en |date=8 September 2019}}</ref> On 17 December 2019, the Supreme Court placed a stay on the High Court order and permitted the Coastal Road project to continue. However, the Court prohibited authorities from carrying out any construction work other than that required for the road itself, which would affect the BMC's plans to develop parks and gardens adjacent to the road.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dec 18 |first1=Dhananjay Mahapatra / TNN / |title=SC gives nod to 14,000cr Mumbai coastal road project {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-gives-nod-to-14000cr-mumbai-coastal-road-project/articleshow/72861406.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshpande |first1=Tanvi |title=SC clears the hurdle for coastal road project; activists unhappy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sc-clears-the-hurdle-for-coastal-road-project-activists-unhappy/article30333812.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 April 2021 |language=en-IN |date=18 December 2019}}</ref> | The BMC administration informed corporators on 21 August that work had been completely halted since 16 July. The agency stated that it had completed 6.25% of the total work on the project and had spent {{INRConvert|593|c}}. The BMC also stated that it had planned to complete 12.56% of the work at this stage but was unable to do so due to the legal hurdles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Coastal Road Project: BMC files report, says only 6.25% of work complete |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-coastal-road-project-bmc-files-report-says-only-6-25-of-work-complete-5925125/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=15 September 2019 |language=en-IN |date=22 August 2019}}</ref> Contractors began decommissioning machinery and equipment from work sites in September 2019. BMC chief Praveen Pardeshi stated that work would only resume after the Supreme Court verdict. ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' quoted an unnamed BMC official as stating that the machinery was being removed from the Tata Garden area to facilitate the filming of the Hollywood film [[Tenet (film)|''Tenet'']].<ref>{{cite web |title=Coastal road project: Contractors decommission machinery following HC stay |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coastal-road-project-contractors-decommission-machinery-following-hc-stay/story-WbPJtW7zehp1MO9YUqXbRI.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=15 September 2019 |language=en |date=8 September 2019}}</ref> On 17 December 2019, the Supreme Court placed a stay on the High Court order and permitted the Coastal Road project to continue. However, the Court prohibited authorities from carrying out any construction work other than that required for the road itself, which would affect the BMC's plans to develop parks and gardens adjacent to the road.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dec 18 |first1=Dhananjay Mahapatra / TNN / |title=SC gives nod to 14,000cr Mumbai coastal road project {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-gives-nod-to-14000cr-mumbai-coastal-road-project/articleshow/72861406.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Deshpande |first1=Tanvi |title=SC clears the hurdle for coastal road project; activists unhappy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sc-clears-the-hurdle-for-coastal-road-project-activists-unhappy/article30333812.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 April 2021 |language=en-IN |date=18 December 2019}}</ref> | ||
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==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
===2021=== | ===2021=== | ||
*'''July''' : 90 | *'''July''' : 90% of the land required for the project was acquired by [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)]]. This extended the road one hundred metres inside the [[Arabian Sea]]. The [[Tunnel boring machine|boring machine]] completed the digging of 500 metres of coastal road.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-90-reclamation-work-for-coastal-road-project-complete-says-bmc-7398679/|title=Mumbai: 90% reclamation work for coastal road project complete, says BMC|publisher=The Indian express|date=11 July 2021}}</ref> | ||
*'''September:''' BMC completes 1-km tunnel boring for coastal road project, as of 5 September.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-05|title=Mumbai: BMC completes 1-km tunnel boring for coastal road project|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bmc-completes-1-km-tunnel-boring-for-coastal-road-project-7490813/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> | |||
*'''September:''' 40% work completed for coastal road project, and is expected to be fully operational by November 2023, as of 23 September.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 September 2021|title=Mumbai coastal road 40% complete, likely to open in November 2023, says civic chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bmc-completes-1-km-tunnel-boring-for-coastal-road-project-7490813/lite/|url-status=live|website=The Print}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||