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| {{short description|Lower house of the Parliament of India}}
| | The '''Lok Sabha''' or '''House of the People''' is the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]]. As of 2019, there have been seventeen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of [[India]]. The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members. This includes no more than 20 members representing people from the [[Union territory|Union Territories]], and two appointed [[Political party|non-partisan]] members to represent the [[Anglo-Indian]] [[community]] (if the [[President of India|President]] feels that the community is not represented well enough). |
| {{About||the upper house|Rajya Sabha|current list of Lok Sabha members|List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha}}
| | |
| {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
| | Each Lok Sabha is formed for a five-year term. Normally, after five years, it is automatically dissolved. It can be extended by a [[statement|proclamation]] of [[emergency]]. If this happens, the term may be extended for one [[year]]. It can be extended more than one time. The 17th and current Lok Sabha was formed in May [[2019]]. |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
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| {{Coord|28|37|3|N|77|12|30|E|display=title}}
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| {{Infobox legislature
| |
| | background_color = Green
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| | name = Lok Sabha <br /> House of the People
| |
| | legislature = [[17th Lok Sabha]]
| |
| | coa_pic = Emblem of India.svg
| |
| | coa_caption = [[State Emblem of India|Emblem of India]]
| |
| | coa_res = 150px
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| | coa_alt = Emblem of India
| |
| | house_type = Lower house
| |
| | body = Parliament of India
| |
| | term_limits = 5 years
| |
| | leader1_type = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| |
| | leader1 = [[Om Birla]]
| |
| | party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| |
| | election1 = [[2019 Indian general election|19 June 2019]]
| |
| | party2 =
| |
| | election2 = [[2019 Indian general election|23 May 2019]]
| |
| | leader3_type = [[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha|Secretary General]]
| |
| | leader3 = Utpal Kumar Singh
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| | party3 =
| |
| | election3 = 30 November 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/general-news/retired-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-secretary-in-lok-sabha.html|title=Retired IAS officer Utpal Kumar Singh appointed Secretary in Lok Sabha|date=30 November 2020|work=The Republic World|access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref>
| |
| | leader4_type = [[Leader of the Lok Sabha|Leader of the House]]
| |
| | leader4 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| |
| | party4 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| |
| | election4 = [[2014 Indian general election|26 May 2014]]
| |
| | leader6_type = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| |
| | leader6 = Vacant<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/17th-lok-sabha-leader-of-opposition-bjp-congress-1533766-2019-05-24 Modi government will not have Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha again] India Today</ref>
| |
| | seats = '''543'''
| |
| | structure1 = File:17th Lok sabha 2021.svg
| |
| | structure1_res = 360px
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| | structure1_alt = Lok Sabha
| |
| | political_groups1 =
| |
| '''[[Government of India|Government]] (334)'''
| |
| '''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (334)'''
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (302)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#004285}} [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (16)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#0093DD}} [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] (6)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FF33CC}} [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)|AD(S)]] (2)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#007500}} [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FF33FF}} [[All Jharkhand Students Union|AJSU]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FD4242}} [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#DB7093}} [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#2E5694}} [[Mizo National Front|MNF]] (1)
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| * {{colorbox|#FF0000}} [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]] (1)
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| * {{colorbox|#CDCDCD}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (2)
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|
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|
| '''[[Official Opposition (India)|Opposition]] (204)'''<br />
| | The Lok Sabha meets at the [[Lok Sabha Chambers]], in [[Sansad Bhavan]], [[Sansad Marg]], in [[New Delhi]]. |
| '''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] (90)'''
| |
| * {{colorbox|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (51)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#DD1100}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (24)
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| * {{colorbox|#00B2B2}} [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (5)
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| * {{colorbox|#FF4545}} [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] (3)
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| * {{colorbox|#008000}} [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] (2)
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| * {{colorbox|#8A0000}} [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FF4A4A}} [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] (1)
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| * {{colorbox|#1E90FF}} [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#00FF00}} [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] (1)
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| * {{colorbox|#757575}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (1)
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| '''Others (114)'''
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| * {{colorbox|#3CB371}} [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (22)
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| * {{colorbox|#1569C7}} [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] (21)
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| * {{colorbox|#FF6634}} [[Shiv Sena|SS]] (18)
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| * {{colorbox|#006400}} [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] (12)
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| * {{colorbox|#22409A}} [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] (10)
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| * {{colorbox|#FFC0DB}} [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] (9)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#EE0000}} [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (5)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FFFF00}} [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] (3)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FF0000}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (3)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FF4A4A}} [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#BD710F}} [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]] (2)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#24D330}} [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (2)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#5BB30E}} [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#138808}} [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (1)
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| * {{colorbox|#CC9900}} [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] (1)
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| * {{colorbox|#DBE934}} [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|RLP]] (1)
| |
| * {{colorbox|#990066}} [[Naga People's Front|NPF]] (1)
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| '''Vacant (5)'''
| |
| * {{colorbox|#FFFFFF}} Vacant (5)
| |
|
| |
|
| | voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| | The Lok Sabha member are elected for a team of five years.The president may dissolve the Lok Sabha.During emergency ,the team may be extended for one year |
| | last_election1 = [[2019 Indian general election|11 April – 19 May 2019]]
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | next_election1 = [[Next Indian general election|May 2024]] | | !Political groups |
| | session_room = New Delhi government block 03-2016 img3.jpg
| | |'''[[Modi ministry|Government coalition]]''' (339) |
| | session_res = 250px
| |
| | session_alt = view of Sansad Bhavan, seat of the Parliament of India | |
| | meeting_place = Lok Sabha, [[Sansad Bhavan]],<br />[[Sansad Marg]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]] – 110 001
| |
| | constitution = [[Constitution of India]] | |
| | rules = [http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/rules/RULES-2010-P-FINAL_1.pdf The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha] (English)
| |
| | website = {{url|loksabha.nic.in/}}
| |
| | Seating Capacity=550 https://factly.in/how-is-the-seat-allotment-in-the-lok-sabha-done/
| |
| }}
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|
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|
| The '''Lok Sabha''', or '''House of the People''', is the [[lower house]] of [[India]]'s [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], with the [[upper house]] being the [[Rajya Sabha]]. [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Members of the Lok Sabha]] are elected by an adult [[universal suffrage]] and a [[first-past-the-post]] system to represent their respective [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|constituencies]], and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the [[President of India|President]] on the advice of the [[Union Council of Ministers|council of ministers]]. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the [[Parliament House (India)|Sansad Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]].
| | ('''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]''') (339) |
| | * [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (280) |
| | * [[Shiv Sena]] (18) |
| | * [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] (16) |
| | * [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] (6) |
| | * [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]] (4) |
| | * [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|RLSP]] (3) |
| | * [[Apna Dal]] (2) |
| | * [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|JKPDP]] (1) |
| | * [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]] (1) |
| | * [[Naga People's Front|NPF]] (1) |
| | * [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (1) |
| | * [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] (1) |
| | * [[Swabhimani Paksha]] (1) |
| | * [[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]] (1) |
| | * [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1) |
| | * [[Anglo-Indian|Nominated]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2) |
| | '''[[Opposition (parliamentary)|Opposition Parties]]''' (206) |
|
| |
|
| The maximum membership of the House allotted by the [[Constitution of India]] is 552 (Initially, in 1950, it was 500). Currently, the house has 543 seats which are made up by the election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum. Between 1952 and 2020, [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|2 additional members]] of the [[Anglo-Indian]] community were also nominated by the President of India on the advice of [[Government of India]], which was abolished in January 2020 by the [[One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=livelaw.in|access-date=25 January 2020|date=23 January 2020}}</ref><ref>http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend104.pdf</ref> The Lok Sabha has a seating capacity of 550.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 May 2019|title=This is how the Seating arrangement in the Lok Sabha works|url=https://factly.in/how-is-the-seat-allotment-in-the-lok-sabha-done/|access-date=3 August 2020|website=FACTLY|language=en-US}}</ref>
| | '''[[United Progressive Alliance]]''' (48) |
| | | * [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] (44) |
| A total of 131 seats (24.03%) are reserved for representatives of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47)]]. The quorum for the House is 10% of the total membership. The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five years for time being from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, while a [[State of Emergency in India|proclamation of emergency]] is in operation, this period may be extended by [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] by law or decree.<ref name="Parliament of India: Lok Sabha">{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.html|title=Parliament of India: Lok Sabha|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601044824/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.html|archive-date=1 June 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf Part V—The Union. Article 83. p. 40] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|date=24 January 2013}}</ref>
| | * [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]] (2) |
| | | * [[Kerala Congress (M)]] (1) |
| An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary [[Delimitation Commission of India]] every decade based on the [[Census of India|Indian census]], last of which was conducted in [[2011 Census of India|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/807644/a-decade-from-now-three-states-will-contribute-a-third-of-lok-sabha-mps|title=A decade from now, three states will contribute a third of Lok Sabha MPs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508112100/http://scroll.in/article/807644/a-decade-from-now-three-states-will-contribute-a-third-of-lok-sabha-mps|archive-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a [[Constitution of India#amendments|constitutional amendment]] to incentivize the family planning program which was being implemented.<ref>[http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp Election Commission India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105005609/http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp|date=5 January 2007}}</ref> The [[17th Lok Sabha]] was elected in May 2019 and is the latest to date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-results-2019-at-evening-meet-pm-modi-to-chalk-out-action-plan-for-next-few-days-2042484|title=PM Modi's New Cabinet Could See Prestige Posts For Smriti Irani, Bengal|website=NDTV.com|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>
| | * [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] (1) |
| | | '''[[Janata Parivar]] Parties''' (9) |
| The Lok Sabha has its own television channel, [[Lok Sabha TV]], headquartered within the premises of Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhatv.nic.in/|title=Welcome to LokSabha Website|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116225758/http://loksabhatv.nic.in/|archive-date=16 January 2014}}</ref>
| | * [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (3) |
| | * [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] (2) |
| | * [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (2) |
| | * [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (2) |
| | '''Unaligned Parties''' (143) |
| | * [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] (37) |
| | * [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (34) |
| | * [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] (20) |
| | * [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] (11) |
| | * [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (9) |
| | * [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] (9) |
| | * [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (6) |
| | * [[Samajwadi Party]] (5) |
| | * [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] (4) |
| | * [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] (3) |
| | * [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (2) |
| | * [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (1) |
| | * [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (1) |
| | * [[Jan Adhikar Party|JAP]] (1) |
| | '''Others''' (6) |
| | * [[Independent politician|Independents]] (3) |
| | * Vacant (3) |
| | |} |
|
| |
|
| == History == | | == History == |
| {{more citations needed section |date=June 2018}}
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| A [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|major portion]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] was under [[British Raj|British rule]] from 1858 to 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=4|title=Indian Freedom Struggle (1857–1947) – Culture and Heritage – Know India: National Portal of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722223343/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=4|archive-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> During this period, the office of the [[Secretary of State for India]] (along with the [[Council of India]]) was the authority through whom [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of [[Viceroy of India]] was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The [[Indian Councils Act 1861]] provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The [[Indian Councils Act 1892]] established legislatures in each of the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|provinces of British India]] and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power still remained limited, and the electorate very small. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] and the [[Government of India Act 1919]] further expanded the participation of [[Indian People|Indians]] in the administration. The [[Government of India Act 1935]] introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/government-india-act-1935|title=Government of India Act of 1935 – Dictionary definition of Government of India Act of 1935 – Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=encyclopedia.com|access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India (which did not include the [[Princely States]]) into two newly independent countries, India and Pakistan, which were to be [[dominion]]s under [[the Crown]] until they had each enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion.
| | |+Session of Lok Sabha commenced on Date |
| | | !Session No. |
| The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a sovereign, democratic republic. This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form, which now included all the princely states which had not ''[[Princely states of Pakistan|acceded to Pakistan]]''.
| | !Date |
| | |
| According to ''Article 79 (Part V-The Union.)'' of the Constitution of India, the Parliament of India consists of the President of India and the two Houses of Parliament known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).<ref>[http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf Part V—The Union. Article 79. p. 38] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf |date=24 January 2013 }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| The Lok Sabha (Lower house of the People) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.
| |
| {|class="wikitable" | |
| |+ Sessions of Lok Sabha | |
| |-
| |
| ! Sessions | |
| ! Commenced Date | |
| !Prime Minister
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]
| | |First |
| |13 May 1952 | | |13 May 1952 |
| | rowspan="2" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]
| | |Second |
| | April 1957 | | |April 1957 |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]
| | |Third |
| | April 1962 | | |April 1962 |
| |[[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] and [[Indira Gandhi]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]
| | |Fourth |
| | March 1967 | | |March 1967 |
| | rowspan="2" |[[Indira Gandhi]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]
| | |Fifth |
| | March 1971 | | |March 1971 |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]
| | |Sixth |
| | March 1977 | | |March 1977 |
| |[[Morarji Desai]] and [[Charan Singh]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]
| | |Seventh |
| | January 1980 | | |January 1980 |
| |[[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]
| | |Eighth |
| | December 1984 | | |December 1984 |
| |[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]
| | |Ninth |
| | December 1989 | | |December 1989 |
| |[[V. P. Singh]] and [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]
| | |Tenth |
| | June 1991 | | |June 1991 |
| |[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]
| | |Eleventh |
| | May 1996 | | |May 1996 |
| |[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[I. K. Gujral]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]
| | |Twelfth |
| | March 1998 | | |March 1998 |
| | rowspan="2" |[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]
| | |Thirteenth |
| | October 1999 | | |October 1999 |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]
| | |Fourteenth |
| | May 2004 | | |May 2004 |
| | rowspan="2" |[[Manmohan Singh]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]
| | |Fifteenth |
| | May 2009 | | |May 2009 |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]
| | |Sixteenth |
| | May 2014 | | |May 2014 |
| | rowspan="2" |[[Narendra Modi]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]
| | |Seventeenth (Current) |
| | May 2019 | | |May 2019 |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| == Qualifications ==
| | During the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[British Raj|colonial period]], the office of the [[Secretary of State for India]] (along with the [[Council of India]]) was the authority through whom the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] exercised its rule in the [[Indian subcontinent|Indian sub-continent]]. The [[Viceroy of India]] was created, along with an Executive Council, in India, which consisted of high officials of the [[British Government|British government]]. The [[Indian Councils Act 1861]] provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members; and the [[Indian Councils Act 1892]] established legislatures in each of the [[British India|provinces of British India]]. These [[Act of Parliament|Acts]] may have increased the Indian representation in [[government]], but the councils' power remained limited, and the [[electorate]] also remained very small. The participation of Indians in the administration increased after the passage of the [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] and the [[Government of India Act 1919]]. |
| {{See also|Election Commission of India}}
| |
| | |
| ''Article 84'' (under Part V. – The Union)<ref>[http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf Part V—The Union. Article 81. p. 41] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf |date=24 January 2013 }}</ref> of Indian Constitution sets qualifications for being a member of Lok Sabha, which are as follows:
| |
| # He / She should be a citizen of India, and must subscribe before the [[Election Commission of India]], an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the [[Third Schedule]] of the [[Indian Constitution]].
| |
| # He / She should not be less than 25 years of age.
| |
| # He / She possesses other such qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].
| |
| # He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict, a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law; and
| |
| # He / She should have his/her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country.
| |
| | |
| However, a member can be disqualified from being a member of Parliament:
| |
| # If he/she holds the office of profit;
| |
| # If he/she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court
| |
| # If he/she is an undischarged insolvent;
| |
| # If he/she is not a citizen of India, or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State, or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State;
| |
| # If he/she is violating party discipline (as per the Tenth schedule of the constitution); disqualified under [[Representation of the People Act (India)|Representation of People Act]].
| |
| A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in the following circumstances (during the normal functioning of the House):
| |
| # When the holder of the seat, by writing to the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|speaker]], resigns.
| |
| # When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House, without prior permission of the Speaker.
| |
| # When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament.
| |
| # A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the 'Anti-Defection Law'.
| |
| Furthermore, as per ''article 101'' (Part V.—The Union)<ref>[http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf Part V—The Union. Article 81. pp. 46, 47] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf |date=24 January 2013 }}</ref> of the Indian Constitution, a person cannot be:
| |
| # A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other.
| |
| # A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State.
| |
| | |
| === System of elections in Lok Sabha ===
| |
| Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India, on the basis of [[Universal Suffrage]]. Elections are by the people directly to the Lok Sabha and each state is divided into territorial constituencies under two provisions of the Constitution:
| |
| # Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population was as close to uniform as possible. This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million (60 [[lakh]]). The number of seats per state has been frozen under the constitutional amendment of 1976.
| |
| # Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|constituency]] and the number of seats allotted to it (in each case, one) remain the same throughout the state. This principle is upheld by the boundary reviews mentioned above.
| |
| | |
| Notes:
| |
| #The expression "population" while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the [[Census of India|census]] of 1971, per the Constitutional Amendment of 1976.<ref>https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf article 81</ref>
| |
| #The expression "population" while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2011.<ref>//www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf article 81</ref>
| |
| | |
| == Powers ==
| |
| The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.
| |
| | |
| *[[Motion of no confidence|Motions of no confidence]] against the [[Government of India|government]] can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and the [[Council of Ministers of India|Council of Ministers]] resign collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion and hence has no real power over the executive. This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha, not to the Rajya Sabha.
| |
| *[[Money bill]]s can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are sent to the [[Rajya Sabha]], where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days. If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The [[Economy of India|budget]] is presented in the Lok Sabha by the [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] in the name of the President of India.
| |
| *In matters pertaining to non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it is sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses, presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a [[Plurality (voting)|simple majority]]. Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard, in reality, it is the Lok Sabha's opinions that mostly prevail—due to its bigger numerical strength.
| |
| *Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any [[Constitution of India#Amendment|Bill for Constitutional Amendment]] (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).
| |
| *Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the [[President of India#Impeachment|impeachment of the President]] (by two-thirds of the membership of the House).
| |
| *Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process (initiating and passing a motion for the removal) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting), who then can be removed by the President of India.
| |
| *Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state.
| |
| *If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a [[National Emergency in India|National Emergency]], the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament. It cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha. But there is a possibility that the president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six-month if the said proclamation ceases to operate.
| |
| | |
| In conclusion, it is clear that the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters. Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing, the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength. This is typical of any Parliamentary democracy, with the lower House always being more powerful than the upper.
| |
| | |
| == Procedure ==
| |
| | |
| === Procedure in the House ===
| |
| The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by the Speaker from time to time there under regulate the procedure in Lok Sabha. The items of business, a notice of which is received from the Ministers/ Private Members and admitted by the Speaker, are included in the daily List of Business which is printed and circulated to members in advance.
| |
| | |
| === Sessions ===
| |
| The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. But, three sessions of Lok Sabha are held in a year:
| |
| *Budget session: February to May.
| |
| *Monsoon session: July to September.
| |
| *Winter session: November to mid-December.
| |
| | |
| When in session, Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. On some days the sittings are continuously held without observing lunch break and are also extended beyond 6 p.m. depending upon the business before the House. Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other closed holidays.
| |
| | |
| === Question Hour ===
| |
| The first hour of every sitting is called [[Question Hour]]. Asking questions in Parliament is the free and unfettered right of members, and during Question Hour they may ask questions of ministers on different aspects of administration and government policy in the national and international spheres. Every minister whose turn it is to answer questions has to stand up and answer for his department's acts of omission or commission.
| |
| | |
| Questions are of three types—Starred, Unstarred, and Short Notice. A Starred Question is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an asterisk mark. An unstarred question is one which is not called for oral answer in the house and on which no supplementary questions can consequently be asked. An answer to such a question is given in writing. A minimum period of notice for starred/unstarred questions is 10 clear days. If the questions given notice are admitted by the Speaker, they are listed and printed for an answer on the dates allotted to the Ministries to which the subject matter of the question pertains.
| |
| | |
| The normal period of notice does not apply to short-notice questions that relate to matters of urgent public importance. However, a short-notice question may be answered only on short notice if so permitted by the Speaker and the Minister concerned is prepared to answer it at shorter notice. A short-notice question is taken up for answer immediately after the Question Hour, popularly known as Zero Hour.
| |
| | |
| === Zero Hour ===
| |
| The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as "Zero Hour". It starts at around 12 noon (hence the name) and members can, with prior notice to the Speaker, raise issues of importance during this time. Typically, discussions on important Bills, the Budget, and other issues of national importance take place from 2 p.m. onwards.
| |
| | |
| === Business after Question Hour ===
| |
| After the Question Hour, the House takes up miscellaneous items of work before proceeding to the main business of the day. These may consist of one or more of the following: Adjournment Motions, Questions involving breaches of Privileges, Papers to be laid on the Table, Communication of any messages from Rajya Sabha, Intimations regarding President's assent to Bills, Calling Attention Notices, Matters under Rule 377, Presentation of Reports of Parliamentary Committee, Presentation of Petitions, miscellaneous statements by Ministers, Motions regarding elections to Committees, Bills to be withdrawn or introduced.
| |
| | |
| === Main Business ===
| |
| The main business of the day may be consideration of a Bill or financial business or consideration of a resolution or a motion.
| |
| | |
| ==== Legislative Business ====
| |
| Legislative proposals in the form of a Bill can be brought forward either by a Minister or by a private member. In the former case, it is known as Government Bill and in the latter case, it is known as a Private Members' Bill. Every Bill passes through three stages—called three readings—before it is passed. To become law it must be passed by both the Houses of Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and then assented to by the president.
| |
| | |
| ==== Financial Business ====
| |
| The presentation, discussion of, and voting on the annual General and Railways budgets—followed by the passing of the Appropriations Bill and the Finance Bill—is a long, drawn-out process that takes up a major part of the time of the House during its Budget Session every year.
| |
| | |
| ==== Motions and Resolutions ====
| |
| Among other kinds of business that come up before the House are resolutions and motions. Resolutions and motions may be brought forward by the Government or by private members. The government may move a resolution or a motion for obtaining the sanction to a scheme or opinion of the House on an important matter of policy or on a grave situation. Similarly, a private member may move a resolution or motion in order to draw the attention of the House and of the Government to a particular problem. The last two and half hours of sitting every Friday are generally allotted for the transaction of private members' business. While private members' bills are taken up on one Friday, private members' resolutions are taken up on the succeeding Friday, and so on.
| |
| | |
| === Parliamentary Committees ===
| |
| Most of the business of drafting a bill or amendments are initially discussed and debated in the parliamentary committees. Since the time for legislation is limited, the work of all departments of the government and any special focus tasks are delegated to the committees, wherein the committees shall prepare the initial draft of the bill/amendment for consideration by both the houses. They consist of members of both houses.
| |
| | |
| There are primarily two kinds of parliamentary committees based on their nature:-
| |
| * Parliament Standing Committees (PSC) – Permanent in nature, reconstituted from time to time with every new election.
| |
| ** Department based
| |
| ** Others
| |
| * Ad hoc Committees – Created for a specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved.
| |
| | |
| === Half-an-Hour Discussion ===
| |
| A Half-an-Hour Discussion can be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question in Lok Sabha irrespective of the fact whether the question was answered orally or the answer was laid on the Table of the House and the answer which needs elucidation on a matter of fact. Normally not more than half an hour is allowed for such a discussion. Usually, the half-an-hour discussion is listed on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays only. In one session, a member is allowed to raise not more than two half-hour discussions. During the discussion, the member, who has given notice, makes a short statement, and not more than four members, who have intimated earlier and have secured one of the four places in the ballot, are permitted to ask a question each for further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the Minister concerned replies. There is no formal motion before the House nor voting.
| |
| | |
| === Discussion on Matters of Urgent Public Importance ===
| |
| Members may raise discussions on matters of urgent public importance with the permission of the Speaker. Such discussions may take place on two days in a week. No formal motion is moved in the House nor is there any voting on such a discussion.
| |
| | |
| === Debate in the House ===
| |
| After the member who initiates discussion on an item of business has spoken, other members can speak on that item of business in such order as the Speaker may call upon them. Only one member can speak at a time and all speeches are directed to the Chair. A matter requiring the decision of the House is decided by means of a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member.
| |
| | |
| ==== Division ====
| |
| A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained. Normally, when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying "Aye" or "No" from their seats. The Chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House. If a member challenges the decision, the Chair orders that the lobbies be cleared. Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes. Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides. After the bell stops, all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over. Then the Chair puts the question for a second time and declares whether in its opinion the "Ayes" or the "Noes", have it. If the opinion so declared is again challenged, the Chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment.
| |
| | |
| === Automatic Vote Recording System ===
| |
| With the announcement of the Speaker for recording the votes, the [[Secretary-General]] of the Lok Sabha presses the button of a keyboard. Then a gong sounds, serving as a signal to members for casting their votes. To vote, each member present in the Chamber has to flip a switch and then operate one of the three pushbuttons fixed in their seat. The push switch must be kept pressed simultaneously until the gong sounds for the second time after 10 seconds. There are two indicator boards installed in the wall on either side of the Speaker's chair in the Chamber. Each vote cast by a member is flashed here. Immediately after the votes are cast, they are totaled mechanically and the details of the results are flashed on the Result Indicator Boards installed in the railings of the Speakers and Diplomatic Galleries.
| |
| | |
| Divisions are normally held with the aid of the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment. Where so directed by the Speaker in terms of the relevant provision in the Rules of Procedure etc. in Lok Sabha, divisions may be held either by the distribution of 'Aye'/'No' and 'Abstention' slips to members in the House or by the members recording their votes by going into the lobbies. There is an Indicator Board in the machine room showing the name of each member. The result of the Division and vote cast by each member with the aid of Automatic Vote Recording Equipment appear also on this Board and immediately a photograph of the Indicator Board is taken. Later the Photograph is enlarged and the names of members who voted 'Ayes' and for 'Noes' are determined with the help of the photograph and incorporated in Lok Sabha Debates.
| |
| | |
| === Publication of Debates ===
| |
| Three versions of Lok Sabha Debates are prepared: the Hindi version, the English version, and the Original version. Only the Hindi and English versions are printed. The original version, in cyclostyled form, is kept in the Parliament Library for record and reference. The Hindi version contains proceedings (all Questions asked and Answers are given thereto and speeches made) in Hindi and verbatim Hindi translation of proceedings in English or in regional languages. The English version contains proceedings in English and the English translation of the proceedings which take place in Hindi or in any regional language. The original version, however, contains proceedings in Hindi or in English as they actually took place in the House and also the English/Hindi translation of speeches made in regional languages.
| |
| | |
| If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses, a [[Joint session|joint sitting]] is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha.
| |
| | |
| == Officers of Lok Sabha ==
| |
| | |
| ;Speaker and Deputy Speaker
| |
| As per ''Article 93'' of the Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]]. In the Lok Sabha, both presiding officers—the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker- are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House. No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker; the Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House. But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India. As per ''Article 94'' of the Indian Constitution, a Speaker or a Deputy Speaker should vacate his/her office, a) if he/she ceases to be a member of the House of the People, b) he/she resigns, or c) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority.
| |
| | |
| The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer. The Speaker conducts the business in the House. He/she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not. He/she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behavior by suspending them. He/she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, [[Adjournment debate|motion of adjournment]], [[motion of censure]] and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure. Following the 52nd Constitution amendment, the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection. The Speaker makes obituary references in the House, formal references to important national and international events, and the valedictory address at the conclusion of every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires. Though a member of the House, the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision. To date, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote. While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence/resignation/removal, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose. The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Secretariat/JRC.aspx|title=Lok Sabha|publisher=Lok Sabha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530124125/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Secretariat/JRC.aspx|archive-date=30 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Shri [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar|G. V. Mavalankar]] was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952 – 27 February 1956) and Shri [[M. A. Ayyangar|M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar]] was the first Deputy Speaker (30 May 1952 – 7 March 1956). In the 17th Lok Sabha, [[Om Birla]] is the current Speaker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/om-birla-appointed-lok-sabha-speaker-1551719-2019-06-19|title=Om Birla unanimously elected Lok Sabha Speaker, PM Modi heaps praises on BJP colleague|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 June 2019|date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ;Secretariat
| |
| The Secretariat of Lok Sabha was set up pursuant to the provisions contained in Article 98 of the Constitution. The said Article, which provides for a separate secretarial staff for each House of Parliament, reads as follows:- 98. Secretariat of Parliament – Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts common to both Houses of Parliament. (2) Parliament may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of either House of Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rss_recruitment/rssecretariat.asp|title=Secretariat- as in Constitution}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| The Lok Sabha Secretariat functions under the overall guidance and control of the Speaker. The main activities of the Secretariat ''[[inter alia]]'' include the following : | | The [[Indian Independence Act]] was passed on July 18, [[1947]], and as a result British India was to be divided into [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] upon independence on August 15, 1947. They were to be dominions ([[Dominion of India|India]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]) under the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Crown]] until they had enacted their own constitutions. |
|
| |
|
| (i) providing secretarial assistance and support to the effective functioning of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) possible to Members of Lok Sabha; (ii) providing amenities as admissible to Members of Lok Sabha; (iii) servicing the various Parliamentary Committees; (iv) preparing research and reference material and bringing out various publications; (v) recruitment of manpower in the Lok Sabha Secretariat and attending to personnel matters; & (vi) preparing and publishing a record of the day-to-day proceedings of the Lok Sabha and bringing out such other publications, as may be required concerning the functioning of the Lok Sabha and its Committees, among other things.
| | The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion. |
|
| |
|
| In the discharge of his constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha is assisted by the Secretary-General, who holds the rank equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. The Secretary-General, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of Secretary, Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Secretariat/Functioning.aspx|title=Set-up of the Secretariat}}</ref> Since November 2020, the Secretary-General of Lok Sabha is Utpal Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Senior IAS Officer Utpal Kumar Singh Appointed Lok Sabha Secretary General |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-2332131 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=November 30, 2020}}</ref>
| | India became a [[republic]] on January 26, 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://factly.in/history-indian-elections/|title=History of Indian Parliament Elections|first=|last=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> |
|
| |
|
| == Lok Sabha general elections == | | == Structure == |
| Lok Sabha is constituted after the [[Elections in India|general election]] as follows:
| | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | | |+ |
| |- | | !'''State''' |
| ! Lok Sabha || General Election | | !Number of Seats |
| |-
| |
| | [[1st Lok Sabha]] || [[1951–52 Indian general election]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[2nd Lok Sabha]] || [[1957 Indian general election]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[3rd Lok Sabha]] || [[1962 Indian general election]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[4th Lok Sabha]] || [[1967 Indian general election]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[5th Lok Sabha]] || [[1971 Indian general election]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[6th Lok Sabha]] || [[1977 Indian general election]] | | |[[Andhra Pradesh]] |
| | |25 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[7th Lok Sabha]] || [[1980 Indian general election]] | | |[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
| | |2 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[8th Lok Sabha]] || [[1984 Indian general election]] | | |[[Assam]] |
| | |14 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[9th Lok Sabha]] || [[1989 Indian general election]] | | |[[West Bengal|Bengal, West]] |
| | |42 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[10th Lok Sabha]] || [[1991 Indian general election]] | | |[[Bihar]] |
| | |40 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[11th Lok Sabha]] || [[1996 Indian general election]] | | |[[Chhattisgarh]] |
| | |11 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[12th Lok Sabha]] || [[1998 Indian general election]] | | |[[Goa]] |
| | |2 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[13th Lok Sabha]] || [[1999 Indian general election]] | | |[[Gujarat]] |
| | |26 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[14th Lok Sabha]] || [[2004 Indian general election]] | | |[[Haryana]] |
| | |10 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[15th Lok Sabha]] || [[2009 Indian general election]] | | |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |
| | |4 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[16th Lok Sabha]] || [[2014 Indian general election]] | | |[[Jammu and Kashmir]] |
| | |6 |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[17th Lok Sabha]] | | |[[Jharkhand]] |
| |[[2019 Indian general election]] | | |14 |
| |- | | |- |
| |18th Lok Sabha
| | |[[Karnataka]] |
| |[[2024 Indian general election]] | | |28 |
| |} | |
| | |
| == Composition ==
| |
| | |
| {{Main|List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha}}
| |
| | |
| As of 26 January 2020, the Lok Sabha is composed of 543 members
| |
| <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/StatewiseList.aspx | title=Members : Lok Sabha}}</ref> See the table below for details
| |
| {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
| |
| |State/ UT*
| |
| !| No. of constituencies<ref name="composition">{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm|title=Lok Sabha Introduction|publisher=National Informatics Centre, Government of India|access-date=22 September 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201063345/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm|archive-date=1 December 2008}}</ref>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]* || style="text-align:center;" | 1 | | |[[Kerala]] |
| | |20 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Andhra Pradesh]] || style="text-align:center;" | 25 | | |[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
| | |29 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2 | | |[[Maharashtra]] |
| | |48 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Assam]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 14 | | |[[Manipur]] |
| | |2 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Bihar]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 40 | | |[[Meghalaya]] |
| | |2 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Chandigarh]]* || style="text-align:center;" | 1 | | |[[Mizoram]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Chhattisgarh]] || style="text-align:center;" | 11 | | |[[Nagaland]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|DNH & DD]]* || style="text-align:center;" | 2 | | |[[Odisha]] |
| | |21 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Delhi]] (NCT)*|| style="text-align:center;" | 7 | | |[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] |
| | |13 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Goa]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2 | | |[[Rajasthan]] |
| | |25 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Gujarat]] || style="text-align:center;" | 26 | | |[[Sikkim]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Haryana]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 10 | | |[[Tamil Nadu]] |
| | |39 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Himachal Pradesh]] || style="text-align:center;" | 4 | | |[[Telangana]] |
| | |17 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]* ||style="text-align:center;" | 5 | | |[[Tripura]] |
| | |2 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Jharkhand]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 14 | | |[[Uttarakhand]] |
| | |5 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Karnataka]] || style="text-align:center;" | 28 | | |[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
| | |80 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Kerala]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 20
| | !'''Territoiries''' |
| | ! |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Ladakh]]* ||style="text-align:center;" | 1 | | |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Lakshadweep]]* ||style="text-align:center;" | 1 | | |[[Chandigarh]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Madhya Pradesh]]|| style="text-align:center;" | 29 | | |[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Maharashtra]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 48 | | |[[Daman and Diu]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Manipur]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2 | | |[[Delhi]] |
| | |7 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Meghalaya]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2 | | |[[Lakshadweep]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Mizoram]] || style="text-align:center;" | 1 | | |[[Pondicherry|Puducherry]] |
| | |1 |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[Nagaland]] || style="text-align:center;" | 1
| | !'''TOTAL''' |
| |-
| | !'''543''' |
| | [[Odisha]] || style="text-align:center;" | 21
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]* || style="text-align:center;" | 1
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || style="text-align:center;" | 13
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Rajasthan]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 25
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Sikkim]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 1
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Tamil Nadu]] || style="text-align:center;" | 39
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Telangana]] || style="text-align:center;" | 17
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Tripura]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Uttarakhand]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 5
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Uttar Pradesh]] || style="text-align:center;" | 80
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[West Bengal]] || style="text-align:center;" | 42
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Total''' ||style="text-align:center;" | '''543'''
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| == Membership by party ==
| | ==References== |
| {{Main|List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha}}
| | {{reflist}} |
| Members of 17th Lok Sabha by their political party (As of 22 February 2021):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/PartywiseList.aspx|title=Seventeenth Lok Sabha : All Members Party-wise List|publisher=Lok Sabha|date=18 November 2019 |access-date=7 September 2020}}</ref>
| |
| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| ! colspan=2|Alliance
| |
| ! colspan=2| Party
| |
| ! No.of MPs
| |
| ! Leader of the Party
| |
| |-
| |
| | Rowspan=11 bgcolor=FF99933|
| |
| | Rowspan=11|'''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''<br />Seats: '''334'''
| |
| | bgcolor=#FF99933|
| |
| | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| |
| | 302
| |
| | [[Narendra Modi]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#004285|
| |
| | [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| |
| | 16
| |
| | [[Lalan Singh|Rajiv Ranjan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#0093DD|
| |
| | [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]]
| |
| | 6
| |
| | [[Chirag Paswan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FF33CC|
| |
| | [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)|AD(S)]]
| |
| | 2
| |
| | [[Anupriya Patel]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#007500|
| |
| | [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Raveendranath Kumar|Raveendranath]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FF33FF|
| |
| | [[All Jharkhand Students Union|AJSU]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Chandra Prakash Choudhary|CP Choudhary]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FD4242|
| |
| | [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Tokheho|T.Yepthomi]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#DB7093|
| |
| | [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Agatha Sangma]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#2E5694|
| |
| | [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[C. Lalrosanga]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FF0000|
| |
| | [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Indra Hang Subba|I.H Subba]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#CDCDCD|
| |
| | [[Independent politician|IND]]
| |
| | 2
| |
| |
| |
| *Sumalatha
| |
| *Naba
| |
| |-
| |
| | Rowspan=11 bgcolor=00BFFF|
| |
| | Rowspan=11|'''Opposition -'''
| |
| '''[[United Progressive Alliance]]'''<br />Seats: '''90'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=00BFFF|
| |
| | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| |
| | 51
| |
| | [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury|AR Choudhary]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=DD1100|
| |
| | [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| |
| | 24
| |
| | [[T. R. Baalu]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=00B2B2|
| |
| | [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| |
| | 5
| |
| | [[Supriya Sule]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=FF4545|
| |
| | [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
| |
| | 3
| |
| | [[Farooq Abdullah]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=008000|
| |
| | [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
| |
| | 2
| |
| | Vacant
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=8A0000|
| |
| | [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Vijay Hansdak]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=FF4A4A|
| |
| | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[N. K. Premachandran| Premchandran]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=1E90FF|
| |
| | [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Thol. Thirumavalavan|T.Thirumavalan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=00FF00|
| |
| | [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=757575|
| |
| | [[Independent politician|IND]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| |Navneet
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="17" bgcolor="#3CB371"|
| |
| | rowspan="17" |'''Opposition -''' '''Others'''<br />Seats: '''114'''
| |
| | bgcolor="#3CB371" |
| |
| | [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| |
| | 21
| |
| | [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay|S.bandopadhyay]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#1569C7|
| |
| | [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| |
| | 21
| |
| | [[P. V. Midhun Reddy|Midhun Reddy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FF6634|
| |
| | [[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| |
| | 18
| |
| | [[Vinayak Raut]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#006400|
| |
| | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| |
| | 12
| |
| | [[Pinaki Misra]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#22409A|
| |
| | [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| |
| | 10
| |
| | [[Shyam Singh Yadav|Shyam Yadav]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FFC0DB|
| |
| | [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| |
| | 9
| |
| | [[Nama Nageswara Rao|Nageswara Rao]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#EE0000|
| |
| | [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| |
| | 5
| |
| | [[Mulayam Singh Yadav|Mulayam Yadav]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FFFF00|
| |
| | [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| |
| | 3
| |
| | [[Galla Jayadev]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#FF0000|
| |
| | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| |
| | 3
| |
| | [[A. M. Ariff]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor="#FF4A4A" |
| |
| | [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| |
| | 2
| |
| | [[K. Subbarayan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor="#BD710F" |
| |
| | [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
| |
| | 2
| |
| | [[Sukhbir Singh Badal|Sukhbir S.Badal]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#24D330|
| |
| | [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]]
| |
| | 2
| |
| | [[Asaduddin Owaisi|A. Owaisi]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#5BB30E|
| |
| | [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#138808|
| |
| | [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Prajwal Revanna]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#CC9900|
| |
| | [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Thomas Chazhikadan|T. Chazhikadan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#990066|
| |
| | [[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Lorho S. Pfoze|L.S. Pfoze]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | bgcolor=#DBE934|
| |
| | [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|RLP]]
| |
| | 1
| |
| | [[Hanuman Beniwal|H. Beniwal]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|'''Vacant (5)'''
| |
| | colspan=4|
| |
| *[[Kanyakumari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanyakumari]]
| |
| *[[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]]
| |
| *[[Belgaum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belgaum]]
| |
| *[[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]]
| |
| *[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="4"|'''Total'''
| |
| |'''543'''
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |}
| |
| | |
| == See also ==
| |
| *[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
| |
| *[[Parliament of India]]
| |
| *[[Rajya Sabha]]
| |
| *[[List of oldest living members of the Lok Sabha]]
| |
| | |
| == References == | |
| {{Reflist}} | |
| | |
| == External links ==
| |
| {{Commons category|Lok Sabha}}
| |
| * {{Britannica|346571}}
| |
| * [http://loksabha.nic.in/ Lok Sabha website]
| |
| * [https://eci.gov.in/general-election/general-elections-2019/ General Elections 2019]
| |
| | |
| {{Lok Sabha}}
| |
| {{Parliament of India}}
| |
| {{Government of India}}
| |
| {{Legislatures of India}}
| |
| {{Current Indian assemblies}}
| |
| {{National lower houses}}
| |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Lok Sabha| ]] | | [[Category:Politics of India]] |
| [[Category:National lower houses|India]] | | [[Category:National lower houses|India]] |
| [[Category:Parliament of India]]
| |
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