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Azhvanchery Thamprakkal: Difference between revisions
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{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}} | ||
'''Azhvanchery Thamprakkal''' or | '''Azhvanchery Thamprakkal''' or '''Azhvanchery Samrāṭ''' was the title of the senior-most male member of the [[Brahmin]] (Namboothiri) feudal lords of Azhvanchery Mana in [[Athavanad]], [[Tirur Taluk]], present-day [[Malappuram district]], [[Kerala]] state, [[South India]]. They had the right over [[Guruvayur]] too. They were the titular head of all [[Nambudiri]] [[Brahmin]]s of Kerala.<ref name="AD1806"/> The Lord of [[Azhvanchery]] based at [[Athavanad]] and the Lord of [[Kalpakanchery]] based at the neighbouring [[Kalpakanchery]] were usually present at the coronation (''Ariyittu Vazhcha'') of a new [[Zamorin]] of [[History of Kozhikode|Calicut]].<ref name="AD1806"/> Kalpakanchery Thamprakkal were related to the [[Nambudiri]]s of [[Kumbidi|Panniyoor]] while Azhvanchery Thamprakkal to those of [[Sukapuram|Chowwara]].<ref name="AD1806">{{cite book | ||
| author = K. V. Krishna Iyer | | author = K. V. Krishna Iyer | ||
| title = Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806 | | title = Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806 | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
There are lots of theories as to how [[Nambudiri]] [[Brahmin]]s came to settle in Kerala, the commonly accepted point of view is that they moved in from [[North India]] via [[Tulu Nadu]] or [[Karnataka]].<ref name="askh"/> Another theory based on the retention of ''[[Mahabharata]]'' types as memorized by different [[Brahmin]] communities points to [[Tamil Nadu]] as the base from which they migrated to Kerala via the [[Palakkad Gap]], which is also the largest opening in the southern [[Western Ghats]], and settled around the river [[Bharathappuzha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/ejvs/article/view/327/322?fbclid=IwAR043pxlvsgFWA861As-Kqh0T66E1MjPeul1QwbrPHzdz0SQSSLI0IetsoQ|title=On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography}}</ref> The region around [[Coimbatore]] near [[Karnataka]]- western [[Tamil Nadu]] border was ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] during [[Sangam period]] between 1st and the 4th centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the [[Palakkad Gap]], the principal trade route between the [[Malabar Coast]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Trade">{{cite news|last=Subramanian|first=T. S|title=Roman connection in Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007012800201800.htm&date=2007/01/28/&prd=th|access-date=28 October 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919235748/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007012800201800.htm&date=2007%2F01%2F28%2F&prd=th|archive-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> The ''Azhvanchery Thamprakkal'' originally had right over parts of present-day [[Palakkad]] Taluk.<ref name="askh">{{Cite book|title='Kerala Charitram|last=Shreedhara Menon|first=A|publisher=DC Books|year=2007|isbn=9788126415885|location=Kottayam|pages=200-201|url=https://keralabookstore.com/book/keralacharithram/11148/}}</ref> Later they moved westwards along the River [[Bharathappuzha]] and settled around the river. Finally the ''Azhvanchery Thamprakkal'' bought Athavanad-[[Tirunavaya]] region in present-day [[Tirur Taluk]] and gave Palakkad to ''Palakkad Raja''s (''Tarur Swaroopam'') who were originally from [[Athavanad]] region.<ref name="askh"/> Many of the oldest Nambudiri settlements of Kerala are situated around the River [[Bharathappuzha]].<ref name="askh"/><ref name="AD1806"/> The [[Kingdom of Tanur]], [[Kingdom of Valluvanad]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|''Perumpadappu Swaroopam'']], and the kingdom of [[Palakkad]], located around the river [[Bharathappuzha]], were once strongholds of Nambudiris.<ref name="askh"/><ref name="AD1806"/> The introduction of [[Grantha script]] which later got evolved into [[Malayalam script]], and the evolution of Malayalam language through [[Sanskritisation]] of [[Karintamil]] are highly related to the Brahmins who migrated through the [[Palakkad Gap]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Malayalam Literature |author=Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker |url=https://archive.org/details/ASHORTHISTORYOFMALAYALAMLITERATURE |year=2006 |location=Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala}}</ref><ref name="askh"/> | There are lots of theories as to how [[Nambudiri]] [[Brahmin]]s came to settle in Kerala, the commonly accepted point of view is that they moved in from [[North India]] via [[Tulu Nadu]] or [[Karnataka]].<ref name="askh"/> Another theory based on the retention of ''[[Mahabharata]]'' types as memorized by different [[Brahmin]] communities points to [[Tamil Nadu]] as the base from which they migrated to Kerala via the [[Palakkad Gap]], which is also the largest opening in the southern [[Western Ghats]], and settled around the river [[Bharathappuzha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/ejvs/article/view/327/322?fbclid=IwAR043pxlvsgFWA861As-Kqh0T66E1MjPeul1QwbrPHzdz0SQSSLI0IetsoQ|title=On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography}}</ref> The region around [[Coimbatore]] near [[Karnataka]]- western [[Tamil Nadu]] border was ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] during [[Sangam period]] between 1st and the 4th centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the [[Palakkad Gap]], the principal trade route between the [[Malabar Coast]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Trade">{{cite news|last=Subramanian|first=T. S|title=Roman connection in Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007012800201800.htm&date=2007/01/28/&prd=th|access-date=28 October 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919235748/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007012800201800.htm&date=2007%2F01%2F28%2F&prd=th|archive-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> The ''Azhvanchery Thamprakkal'' originally had right over parts of present-day [[Palakkad]] Taluk.<ref name="askh">{{Cite book|title='Kerala Charitram|last=Shreedhara Menon|first=A|publisher=DC Books|year=2007|isbn=9788126415885|location=Kottayam|pages=200-201|url=https://keralabookstore.com/book/keralacharithram/11148/}}</ref> Later they moved westwards along the River [[Bharathappuzha]] and settled around the river. Finally the ''Azhvanchery Thamprakkal'' bought Athavanad-[[Tirunavaya]] region in present-day [[Tirur Taluk]] and gave Palakkad to ''Palakkad Raja''s (''Tarur Swaroopam'') who were originally from [[Athavanad]] region.<ref name="askh"/> Many of the oldest Nambudiri settlements of Kerala are situated around the River [[Bharathappuzha]].<ref name="askh"/><ref name="AD1806"/> The [[Kingdom of Tanur]], [[Kingdom of Valluvanad]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|''Perumpadappu Swaroopam'']], and the kingdom of [[Palakkad]], located around the river [[Bharathappuzha]], were once strongholds of Nambudiris.<ref name="askh"/><ref name="AD1806"/> The introduction of [[Grantha script]] which later got evolved into [[Malayalam script]], and the evolution of Malayalam language through [[Sanskritisation]] of [[Karintamil]] are highly related to the Brahmins who migrated through the [[Palakkad Gap]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Malayalam Literature |author=Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker |url=https://archive.org/details/ASHORTHISTORYOFMALAYALAMLITERATURE |year=2006 |location=Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala}}</ref><ref name="askh"/> | ||
==Position in [[Varna_(Hinduism)|Indian | ==Position in [[Varna_(Hinduism)|Indian social order]]== | ||
The Azhvanchery Thamprakkals were also temporally, the rulers of [[Athavanad]]: The name [[Athavanad]] is believed to be derived from them or vice versa. Before abolition of the princely-order of government, The Azhvanchery Thamprakkal was considered as the supreme religious head of Kerala Brahmins. His presence was required for the anointing of the [[Thachudaya Kaimal]] of Travancore, the Yogathiripad of Thrissur and the ruling chiefs of South India <ref>Census Report of Travancore, 1901 and 1927 Edited by Dr N Kunjan Pillai mentions the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal and their special status</ref> | The Azhvanchery Thamprakkals were also temporally, the rulers of [[Athavanad]]: The name [[Athavanad]] is believed to be derived from them or vice versa. Before abolition of the princely-order of government, The Azhvanchery Thamprakkal was considered as the supreme religious head of Kerala Brahmins. His presence was required for the anointing of the [[Thachudaya Kaimal]] of Travancore, the Yogathiripad of Thrissur and the ruling chiefs of South India <ref>Census Report of Travancore, 1901 and 1927 Edited by Dr N Kunjan Pillai mentions the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal and their special status</ref> | ||