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Shikhandi: Difference between revisions
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| family = [[Drupada]] (father)<br />Prishati (mother)<br />[[Characters in the Mahabharata#Satyajit|Satyajit]]<br />[[Dhristadyumna]] (brothers)<br />[[Draupadi]] (sister) | | family = [[Drupada]] (father)<br />Prishati (mother)<br />[[Characters in the Mahabharata#Satyajit|Satyajit]]<br />[[Dhristadyumna]] (brothers)<br />[[Draupadi]] (sister) | ||
| spouse = a [[Dasarna Kingdom|Dasarna]] princess | | spouse = a [[Dasarna Kingdom|Dasarna]] princess | ||
| | | colour = #FFC569 | ||
| children = Kshatradeva | | children = Kshatradeva | ||
| name = Shikhandi | | name = Shikhandi | ||
| gender = Female turned | | gender = Female turned Male<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08006.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section 6 |website=www.sacred-texts.com |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Shikhandi''' ({{lang-sa|शिखण्डी}}, ''{{IAST|Śikhaṇḍī}}'') is an [[Androgyny|androgynous]] character in the [[Hindu]] epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He is born as female | '''Shikhandi''' ({{lang-sa|शिखण्डी}}, ''{{IAST|Śikhaṇḍī}}'') is an [[Androgyny|androgynous]] character in the [[Hindu]] epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He is born as female called '''Shikandini''' to [[Drupada]], the king of [[Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Panchala]], and later transforms into a male. He is the brother of [[Draupadi]], the female protagonist of the epic and [[Polyandry in India|common wife]] of the [[Pandava|Pandavas]]. | ||
Shikhandi is the [[reincarnation]] of [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]], who was scorned by [[Bhishma]]. Shikhandi fought in the [[Kurukshetra war]] for his brothers-in-law, the Pandavas, and was instrumental in the death of Bhishma. | Shikhandi is the [[reincarnation]] of [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]], who was scorned by [[Bhishma]]. Shikhandi fought in the [[Kurukshetra war]] for his brothers-in-law, the Pandavas, and was instrumental in the death of Bhishma. | ||
In Javanese [[wayang]] tradition, Shikhandi is known as '''Srikandi''' and is born as a male, | In Javanese [[wayang]] tradition, Shikhandi is known as '''Srikandi''' and is born as a male, and changes into female. She becomes the second wife of the Pandava brother [[Arjuna]]; Draupadi being the first.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLDWAAAAMAAJ&q=srikandi|title=Studies in Indo-Asian Art and Culture|date=1980|publisher=International Academy of Indian Culture|pages=283|language=en}}</ref><ref>Hartana, S.S., 2017. Origins, journeys, encounters: a cultural analysis of wayang performances in North America (Doctoral dissertation).page=49[http://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/8047/Hartana_Sutrisno_PhD_2017.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y]</ref> | ||
== Past Life == | == Past Life == | ||
In the majority of the versions of the Mahabharata,<ref name="Sorabji">Sorabji, Cornelia, and Warwick Goble. Shikhandi: The Maiden-knight and Other Stories. Bombay: Blackie and Son, 1916. Print.</ref> there is the story of Shikhandi being Amba in her previous birth. | In the majority of the versions of the Mahabharata,<ref name="Sorabji">Sorabji, Cornelia, and Warwick Goble. Shikhandi: The Maiden-knight and Other Stories. Bombay: Blackie and Son, 1916. Print.</ref> there is the story of Shikhandi being Amba in her previous birth. | ||
Shikhandi had been born in a previous life as a woman named [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]]. Amba was the eldest daughter of the [[Kingdom of Kashi|King of Kashi]]. Along with her sisters [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]] and [[Ambalika]], she was abducted from their [[Swayamvara]] | Shikhandi had been born in a previous life as a woman named [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]]. Amba was the eldest daughter of the [[Kingdom of Kashi|King of Kashi]]. Along with her sisters [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]] and [[Ambalika]], she was abducted from their [[Swayamvara]] by [[Bhishma]], as punishment to the [[Kingdom of Kashi]] for not inviting [[Hastinapur]] nobility to the event. After defeating several kings, including [[Salwa Kingdom|Salwa]], the King of [[Salwa Kingdom|Saubala]], Bhishma returned to Hastinapur with the princesses and presented as the potential brides to his younger half-brother, [[Vichitravirya]], the crown prince of Hastinapur.<ref name ="SacredTexts">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01068.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXVII}}</ref> | ||
Vichitravirya married only two sisters because Amba told Bhishma that she had fallen in love with the king of Salwa, and was not ready to marry anyone else. Hearing this from her, Bhishma sent Amba with grandeur to Saubala. But Salwa rejected her as well, in shame of losing the combat against Bhishma. Amba then returned to Bhishma and demanded that he marry her according to [[Kshatriya]] [[dharma]], but Bhishma declined due to his vow of [[celibacy]]. Enraged at her humiliation, she tried to persuade other kings to wage a war with Bhishma and compel him to wed her. None agreed for they were afraid of incurring the wrath of the great warrior. Amba got [[Parashurama]], Bhishma's [[guru]], to champion her cause. However, not even Parashurama could defeat Bhishma.<ref name="SacredTexts"/> | Vichitravirya married only two sisters because Amba told Bhishma that she had fallen in love with the king of Salwa, and was not ready to marry anyone else. Hearing this from her, Bhishma sent Amba with grandeur to Saubala. But Salwa rejected her as well, in shame of losing the combat against Bhishma. Amba then returned to Bhishma and demanded that he marry her according to [[Kshatriya]] [[dharma]], but Bhishma declined due to his vow of [[celibacy]]. Enraged at her humiliation, she tried to persuade other kings to wage a war with Bhishma and compel him to wed her. None agreed for they were afraid of incurring the wrath of the great warrior. Amba got [[Parashurama]], Bhishma's [[guru]], to champion her cause. However, not even Parashurama could defeat Bhishma.<ref name="SacredTexts"/> | ||
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In the Ganguly translation of the Chatahurdi compilation, Shikhandi had a son named Kshatradeva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08006.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section 6}}</ref> | In the Ganguly translation of the Chatahurdi compilation, Shikhandi had a son named Kshatradeva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08006.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section 6}}</ref> | ||
== Battle of | == Battle of Mahabharata == | ||
[[File:Bhishma refuses to fight with Shikandi.jpg|thumb|204x204px|Bhishma refuses to fight Shikhandi]] | [[File:Bhishma refuses to fight with Shikandi.jpg|thumb|204x204px|Bhishma refuses to fight Shikhandi]] | ||
In the battle of [[Kurukshetra]], | In the battle of [[Kurukshetra]], Bhishma recognized him as Amba reborn, and not wanting to fight a "woman" (or an actual woman, depending on the version), avoided battling Shikhandi. On the tenth day, many warriors of [[Kaurava]] Army attacked and wounded Shikhandi and some stopped the Pandavas. [[Drona]] stopped Arjuna, [[Duryodhana]] stopped [[Bhima]], [[Shalya]] stopped [[Yudhishthira]], [[Characters in the Mahabharata#Vrikaasura|Vrikaasur]] stopped [[Nakula]] and [[Uluka]] stopped [[Sahadeva]]. Firstly, [[Ashwatthama]] attacked Shikhandi but [[Drupada]] took him, then [[Dussasana]] attacked Shikhandi but [[Dhrishtadyumna]] took him and at last [[Shakuni]] attacked and stabbed Shikhandi but [[Virata]] stopped him. Later, wounded Shikhandi rides in Arjuna's chariot, and together, they face Bhishma, forcing him to lower his weapons. Knowing that this would happen, [[Arjuna]] hid behind Shikhandi and attacked Bhishma with a devastating volley of arrows. Thus, Shikhandi was instrumental in Bhishma's death. | ||
Shikhandi was finally killed by | Shikhandi was finally killed by Ashwatthama on the 18th day of battle. Dazed and confused, Shikhandi is killed in a sword fight with Ashwatthama when Ashwatthama, Kripacharya, and Kritaverma attacked the Pandava camp on the eve of the final day of battle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urday.in/mafterbattle.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-06-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617051445/http://www.urday.in/mafterbattle.htm |archive-date=17 June 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In some versions of the Mahabharat, Ashwatthama kills Shikhandi's lover (male or female) in front of him; in other versions, it is Shikhandini's partner (male/female) who is butchered.<ref name="Pattanaik"/> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||