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|name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal | |name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal | ||
|image=Sachindra Nath Sanyal.jpg | |image=Sachindra Nath Sanyal.jpg | ||
|birth_date= 3 April | |birth_date= 3 April 1890 | ||
|birth_place=[[Varanasi| | |birth_place=[[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British Raj|British India]] | ||
|death_date= 7 February 1942 (aged 48) | |death_date= 7 February 1942 (aged 48) | ||
|death_place=[[Gorakhpur | |death_place=[[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] | ||
|caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal | |caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal | ||
|movement=[[Indian revolutionary movement]] | |movement=[[Indian revolutionary movement]] | ||
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{{Anushilan Samiti}} | {{Anushilan Samiti}} | ||
'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio|Sachindra nath.ogg|pronunciation}} (3 April | '''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio|Sachindra nath.ogg|pronunciation}} (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] and a founder of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] and [[Bhagat Singh]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book |title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel |first=Nikhil |last=Govind |edition=Revised |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], on 3 April | Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book |title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel |first=Nikhil |last=Govind |edition=Revised |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} | ||
==Revolutionary career== | ==Revolutionary career== | ||
Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book |title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 |first=Jawaid |last=Alam |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C& | Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book |title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 |first=Jawaid |last=Alam |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&pg=PA43}}</ref> In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with [[Rash Behari Bose|Rashbehari Bose]] attacked the then [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Viceroy Hardinge]] while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after [[Bengal Partition|anullment of Bengal Partition]]. Hardinge was injured. | ||
Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |first1=Bhagat |last1=Singh |author-link1=Bhagat Singh |first2=Bhupendra |last2=Hooja |author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja |editor-first=Camana |editor-last=Lāla |edition=Reprinted |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC& | He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 |first=Amit Kumar |last=Gupta |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=Sep–Oct 1997 |pages=3–27 |doi=10.2307/3517678 |jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement. | ||
Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |first1=Bhagat |last1=Singh |author-link1=Bhagat Singh |first2=Bhupendra |last2=Hooja |author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja |editor-first=Camana |editor-last=Lāla |edition=Reprinted |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} | |||
Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3 |first=P. N. |last=Chopra |publisher=Sterling Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book |title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions |first=Tudor |last=Balinisteanu |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref> | Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3 |first=P. N. |last=Chopra |publisher=Sterling Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book |title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions |first=Tudor |last=Balinisteanu |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref> | ||