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==History== | ==History== | ||
They have been considered to be an [[Untouchability|untouchable]] community.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India |first1=Oliver |last1=Mendelsohn |first2=Marika |last2=Vicziany |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-52155-671-2 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGbp9MjhvKAC&pg=PA6}}</ref> In [[Bihar]], they are primarily landless, agricultural labourers and have historically been village watchmen and messengers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hewitt|first=J. F.|date=1893|title=The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, by H. H. Risley. Vols. I. and II. Ethnographic Glossary, Vols. I. and II. Anthropometric Data|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|pages=237–300|jstor=25197142|issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Prior to 1900, they also used to rear pigs particularly in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and Bihar. The Paswans defend the occupation of rearing of pigs by stating it as a strategy to counter the [[Islam in India|Muslims]]. They assert that, in order to protect themselves from Muslims, Paswan girls used to wear amulets made from bones of pigs and kept pigs at their doors, given the animosity of Muslims with pigs. Since [[Rajput]]s of [[Rajasthan]] also reared as well as hunted wild pigs, this fact is used by them to defend this occupation which is corroborated by the fact that after the end of [[Zamindar]]i system, the traditional occupation of serving as guards couldn't provide subsistence to them.<ref name=" Narayan 322 "/> | They have been considered to be an [[Untouchability|untouchable]] community.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India |first1=Oliver |last1=Mendelsohn |first2=Marika |last2=Vicziany |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-52155-671-2 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGbp9MjhvKAC&pg=PA6}}</ref> In [[Bihar]], they are primarily landless, agricultural labourers and have historically been village watchmen and messengers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hewitt|first=J. F.|date=1893|title=The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, by H. H. Risley. Vols. I. and II. Ethnographic Glossary, Vols. I. and II. Anthropometric Data|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|pages=237–300|jstor=25197142|issn=0035-869X}}</ref> They are one of the most discriminated caste group in the feudal society of rural [[Bihar]]. Reports indicates that the Dusadh landless women were often subjected to undignified teasings like "pinching on breast" by their landlords who were primarily [[Rajput]]s. The landlords also raped these women frequently in order to keep their men in subversive position. <ref name="UN">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-s9SIp1-OsC&pg=PA73|title=Case Studies on Strengthening Co-ordination Between Non-governmental Organizations and Government Agencies in Promoting Social Development|publisher=United Nations (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)|year=1989|page=72,73|access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref> | ||
Prior to 1900, they also used to rear pigs particularly in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and Bihar. The Paswans defend the occupation of rearing of pigs by stating it as a strategy to counter the [[Islam in India|Muslims]]. They assert that, in order to protect themselves from Muslims, Paswan girls used to wear amulets made from bones of pigs and kept pigs at their doors, given the animosity of Muslims with pigs. Since [[Rajput]]s of [[Rajasthan]] also reared as well as hunted wild pigs, this fact is used by them to defend this occupation which is corroborated by the fact that after the end of [[Zamindar]]i system, the traditional occupation of serving as guards couldn't provide subsistence to them.<ref name=" Narayan 322 "/> | |||
The Paswans have also been historically associated with martial pursuits<ref name= Hauser2004 /> and many fought on behalf of the [[East India Company]] during the 18th century in the Bengal Army.<ref>{{cite book |title=Society and Circulation: Mobile People and Itinerant Cultures in South Asia, 1750-1950 |editor1-first=Claude |editor1-last=Markovits |editor2-first=Jacques |editor2-last=Pouchepadass |editor3-first=Sanjay |editor3-last=Subrahmanyam |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-843312-31-4 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEj600m1bgMC&pg=PA299}}</ref> The [[2011 Census of India]] for Uttar Pradesh showed the Paswan population, which is classified as a [[Scheduled Caste]], as being 230,593.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> The same census showed a population of 4,945,165 in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|title=DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_bihar.pdf|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> | The Paswans have also been historically associated with martial pursuits<ref name= Hauser2004 /> and many fought on behalf of the [[East India Company]] during the 18th century in the Bengal Army.<ref>{{cite book |title=Society and Circulation: Mobile People and Itinerant Cultures in South Asia, 1750-1950 |editor1-first=Claude |editor1-last=Markovits |editor2-first=Jacques |editor2-last=Pouchepadass |editor3-first=Sanjay |editor3-last=Subrahmanyam |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-843312-31-4 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEj600m1bgMC&pg=PA299}}</ref> The [[2011 Census of India]] for Uttar Pradesh showed the Paswan population, which is classified as a [[Scheduled Caste]], as being 230,593.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> The same census showed a population of 4,945,165 in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|title=DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_bihar.pdf|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> | ||