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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} [[File:AKG5806890.jpg|thumb|A print of a man being paraded on a donkey as punishment for being battered by his wife.]] | ||
'''Parading on a donkey''' is a traditional [[psychological punishment]], consisting in a [[public humiliation]]. | |||
==Scope== | ==Scope== | ||
* In [[rural]] areas of [[India]], it is intended to humiliate those guilty of minor [[crime]]s, and usually meted out by village elders or the local [[panchayat]] system of justice. The guilty person's head is often shaved and a garland of used [[footwear]] hung around their neck before they are paraded around the village or town on a [[donkey]] while mocked by onlookers. 10th century inscriptions from [[Uttaramerur]] indicate that parading on donkey was a punishment for offences such as [[incest]], [[adultery]], [[theft]] and [[forgery]].<ref name="VKA_2010">{{cite book |title=Indian History |editor=VK Agnihotri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL2-PA62 |publisher=Allied |isbn=978-81-8424-568-4 |year=2010 |edition=26th |pages=B–62–B–65 }}</ref> | * In [[rural]] areas of [[India]], it is intended to humiliate those guilty of minor [[crime]]s, and usually meted out by village elders or the local [[panchayat]] system of justice. The guilty person's head is often shaved and a garland of used [[footwear]] hung around their neck before they are paraded around the village or town on a [[donkey]] while mocked by onlookers. 10th century inscriptions from [[Uttaramerur]] indicate that parading on donkey was a punishment for offences such as [[incest]], [[adultery]], [[theft]] and [[forgery]].<ref name="VKA_2010">{{cite book |title=Indian History |editor=VK Agnihotri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL2-PA62 |publisher=Allied |isbn=978-81-8424-568-4 |year=2010 |edition=26th |pages=B–62–B–65 }}</ref> | ||
* In a legend [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy|Empress Beatrice of Holy Roman Empire]] was forced to ride a donkey backwards through the city of Milan after being taken captive by Milanese. | * In a legend [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy|Empress Beatrice of Holy Roman Empire]] was forced to ride a donkey backwards through the city of Milan after being taken captive by Milanese.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walford |first1=Edward |author-link1=Edward Walford |first2=John Charles |author-link2=John Charles Cox |last2=Cox |first3=George Latimer |last3=Apperson |year=1885 |title=Digit folklore, part II |journal=The Antiquary |volume=XI |pages=119–123 |url=https://archive.org/stream/antiquary11slsniala#page/118/mode/2up }}</ref> | ||
* In the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], "Iranian authorities frequently parade youths, forced to sit backwards on donkeys, in their local neighbourhood so as to embarrass and humiliate them ... for petty crimes such as alcohol consumption, disregarding nightly curfews and disrespect towards security agents",<ref>[http://www.corpun.com/irj00511.htm "Iran sentences three youth to flogging, jail"], in: ''Iran Focus'', 21 November 2005 (illustrated)</ref> or if the court orders so through several neighbourhoods; this may be a prelude to subsequent [[flogging]] and/or jail terms; in the Western [[Ancien Régime]] tradition too (long continued, even in former colonies), criminals were often transported publicly to the place of their ordeal. | * In the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], "Iranian authorities frequently parade youths, forced to sit backwards on donkeys, in their local neighbourhood so as to embarrass and humiliate them ... for petty crimes such as alcohol consumption, disregarding nightly curfews and disrespect towards security agents",<ref>[http://www.corpun.com/irj00511.htm "Iran sentences three youth to flogging, jail"], in: ''Iran Focus'', 21 November 2005 (illustrated)</ref> or if the court orders so through several neighbourhoods; this may be a prelude to subsequent [[flogging]] and/or jail terms; in the Western [[Ancien Régime]] tradition too (long continued, even in former colonies), criminals were often transported publicly to the place of their ordeal. | ||
* In post-Renaissance [[France]] society ridiculed and humiliated husbands thought to be battered and/or dominated by their wives. A battered husband was trotted around town riding a donkey backwards while holding its tail.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=George|first=Malcolm J.|date=1994-11-01|title=Riding the Donkey Backwards: Men as the Unacceptable Victims of Marital Violence|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/106082659400300203|journal=The Journal of Men's Studies|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=137–159|doi=10.1177/106082659400300203|s2cid=146762512|issn=1060-8265}}</ref> | * In post-Renaissance [[France]] society ridiculed and humiliated husbands thought to be battered and/or dominated by their wives. A battered husband was trotted around town riding a donkey backwards while holding its tail.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=George|first=Malcolm J.|date=1994-11-01|title=Riding the Donkey Backwards: Men as the Unacceptable Victims of Marital Violence|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/106082659400300203|journal=The Journal of Men's Studies|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=137–159|doi=10.1177/106082659400300203|s2cid=146762512|issn=1060-8265}}</ref> | ||
* According to the Christian [[Gospels]], [[Jesus of Nazareth entered Jerusalem]] on [[Palm Sunday]] riding a donkey and being welcomed with palms by the locals, thus fulfilling a [[Biblical prophecy]]. In this case, the donkey parade was not a punishment but a messianic action in a modest variation as a symbol of meekness. | * According to the Christian [[Gospels]], [[Jesus of Nazareth entered Jerusalem]] on [[Palm Sunday]] riding a donkey and being welcomed with palms by the locals, thus fulfilling a [[Biblical prophecy]]. In this case, the donkey parade was not a punishment but a messianic action in a modest variation as a symbol of meekness. | ||
* The [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus']] used to parade on a donkey across [[Red Square]] on [[Palm Sunday]]. | * The [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus']] used to parade on a donkey across [[Red Square]] on [[Palm Sunday]], with the [[List_of_Russian_monarchs#Tsars_of_Russia|Tsar]] leading the donkey on foot.<ref name=B181>Bushkovitch, p. 181</ref> | ||
* In the movie ''[[Kingdom of Heaven (film)|Kingdom of Heaven]]'' the defeated Christian king [[Guy of Lusignan]] is paraded before Jerusalem on a donkey by the Muslim army commanded by [[Saladin]]. | * In the movie ''[[Kingdom of Heaven (film)|Kingdom of Heaven]]'' the defeated Christian king [[Guy of Lusignan]] is paraded before Jerusalem on a donkey by the Muslim army commanded by [[Saladin]]. | ||
==See Also== | |||
* [[Donkey walk]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||