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Pakhavaj: Difference between revisions
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It is the percussion instrument most commonly used in the [[dhrupad]] style of Indian classical music and less often used as a rhythm accompaniment for various other sub-forms of music and dance performances (e.g. kathak). Unlike mridangam, it is made of wood and has a low, mellow tone that is quite rich in harmonics. The sides of the pakhawaj are made with animal skin (often goat skin). The pakhavaj players place the instrument horizontally in front of themselves as they sit on the floor with legs crossed. The players may sometimes place a cushion under the narrower treble face to lift it slightly. A right-handed person places the larger bass-skin on the left side and the treble skin on the right. The bass face tends to be smeared with some fresh wheat dough which acts as the ''kiran'' and gives a vivid bass sound to the pakhavaj. | It is the percussion instrument most commonly used in the [[dhrupad]] style of Indian classical music and less often used as a rhythm accompaniment for various other sub-forms of music and dance performances (e.g. kathak). Unlike mridangam, it is made of wood and has a low, mellow tone that is quite rich in harmonics. The sides of the pakhawaj are made with animal skin (often goat skin). The pakhavaj players place the instrument horizontally in front of themselves as they sit on the floor with legs crossed. The players may sometimes place a cushion under the narrower treble face to lift it slightly. A right-handed person places the larger bass-skin on the left side and the treble skin on the right. The bass face tends to be smeared with some fresh wheat dough which acts as the ''kiran'' and gives a vivid bass sound to the pakhavaj. | ||
The tuning of Pakhavaj is similar to that of the [[tabla]] - with the wooden wedges placed under the tautening straps. Due to the varied thickness of the skin that covers the treble face, the treble face can produce at least two tones that are a [[semitone]] apart. For example, if hitting the centre (the [[bol (music)|bol]] दिन ''din'') is tuned to produce the note C then hitting closer to the edge (with the [[bol (music)|bol]] ता for example) could produce the note C#. The fine tuning can be done with the woven outer ring (गजरा - ''gajra'') which is an extension of the skin that the face is made of. It is only on the bass skin where a freshly made batter (or dough) of (wheat) flour and water is applied to provide enhance the low-pitched sound.<ref name="(N.A.)" group="">{{cite web|last1=Pakhavaj|first1=Tuning|title=Tuning Pakhavaj|url=http://www.indian-instruments.com/drums_and_percussion/pakhawaj.htm|website=indian-instruments.com|publisher=(N.A.)|access-date= | The tuning of Pakhavaj is similar to that of the [[tabla]] - with the wooden wedges placed under the tautening straps. Due to the varied thickness of the skin that covers the treble face, the treble face can produce at least two tones that are a [[semitone]] apart. For example, if hitting the centre (the [[bol (music)|bol]] दिन ''din'') is tuned to produce the note C then hitting closer to the edge (with the [[bol (music)|bol]] ता for example) could produce the note C#. The fine tuning can be done with the woven outer ring (गजरा - ''gajra'') which is an extension of the skin that the face is made of. It is only on the bass skin where a freshly made batter (or dough) of (wheat) flour and water is applied to provide enhance the low-pitched sound.<ref name="(N.A.)" group="">{{cite web|last1=Pakhavaj|first1=Tuning|title=Tuning Pakhavaj|url=http://www.indian-instruments.com/drums_and_percussion/pakhawaj.htm|website=indian-instruments.com|publisher=(N.A.)|access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref> | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The word पखावज - ''{{IAST|pakhāvaja}}'' or ''{{IAST|pakhavāja}}'' is of [[Prakrit]] origin, whose [[Sanskrit]] equivalent is पक्षवाद्य {{IAST|pakṣavādya}}. This word is derived from the words पक्ष {{IAST|pakṣa}} ("a side"), and वाद्य ''{{IAST|vādya}}'' ("a musical instrument"). It is said that during the 14th century, the great mridangists experimented with the materials used in mridang construction and finally started using wood for the main body as opposed to the original clay. Thus, a new name ''pakhavaj'' emerged, whilst the older name, mridang was still used.<ref name="Turner1975">{{cite book|author=Ralph Lilley Turner|author-link=Ralph Lilley Turner|title=Collected papers, 1912-1973|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TshAAAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1975|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780197135822}}</ref> | The word पखावज - ''{{IAST|pakhāvaja}}'' or ''{{IAST|pakhavāja}}'' is of [[Prakrit]] origin, whose [[Sanskrit]] equivalent is पक्षवाद्य {{IAST|pakṣavādya}} and Tamil pakkavadyam used to denote side instruments in carnatic. This word is derived from the words पक्ष {{IAST|pakṣa}} ("a side"), and वाद्य ''{{IAST|vādya}}'' ("a musical instrument"). It is said that during the 14th century, the great mridangists experimented with the materials used in mridang construction and finally started using wood for the main body as opposed to the original clay. Thus, a new name ''pakhavaj'' emerged, whilst the older name, mridang was still used.<ref name="Turner1975">{{cite book|author=Ralph Lilley Turner|author-link=Ralph Lilley Turner|title=Collected papers, 1912-1973|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TshAAAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1975|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780197135822}}</ref> | ||
==Technique== | ==Technique== | ||