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The vowel graphemes in Bengali

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	A consonant sound followed by some vowel sound other than the inherent {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} is orthographically realised by using a variety of vowel [[allography\|allographs]] above, below, before, after, or around the consonant sign, thus forming the ubiquitous consonant-vowel [[typographic ligature]]s. These allographs, called {{lang\|bn\|কার}} ''kar'', are [[diacritic]]al vowel forms and cannot stand on their own. For example, the graph {{lang\|bn\|মি}} {{IPA\|[mi]}} represents the consonant {{IPA\|[m]}} followed by the vowel {{IPA\|[i]}}, where {{IPA\|[i]}} is represented as the diacritical allograph{{lang\|bn\| ি}} (called {{lang\|bn\|ই-কার}} ''i-kar'') and is placed ''before'' the default consonant sign. Similarly, the graphs {{lang\|bn\|মা}} {{IPA\|[ma]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মী}} {{IPA\|[mi]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মু}} {{IPA\|[mu]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মূ}} {{IPA\|[mu]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মৃ}} {{IPA\|[mri]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মে}} {{IPA\|[me~mɛ]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মৈ}} {{IPA\|[moj]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মো}} {{IPA\|[mo]}} and {{lang\|bn\|মৌ}} {{IPA\|[mow]}} represent the same consonant {{lang\|bn\|ম}} combined with seven other vowels and two diphthongs. In these consonant-vowel ligatures, the so-called "inherent" vowel {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} is first expunged from the consonant before adding the vowel, but this intermediate expulsion of the inherent vowel is not indicated in any visual manner on the basic consonant sign {{lang\|bn\|ম}} {{IPA\|[mɔ]}}.		A consonant sound followed by some vowel sound other than the inherent {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} is orthographically realised by using a variety of vowel [[allography\|allographs]] above, below, before, after, or around the consonant sign, thus forming the ubiquitous consonant-vowel [[typographic ligature]]s. These allographs, called {{lang\|bn\|কার}} ''kar'', are [[diacritic]]al vowel forms and cannot stand on their own. For example, the graph {{lang\|bn\|মি}} {{IPA\|[mi]}} represents the consonant {{IPA\|[m]}} followed by the vowel {{IPA\|[i]}}, where {{IPA\|[i]}} is represented as the diacritical allograph{{lang\|bn\| ি}} (called {{lang\|bn\|ই-কার}} ''i-kar'') and is placed ''before'' the default consonant sign. Similarly, the graphs {{lang\|bn\|মা}} {{IPA\|[ma]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মী}} {{IPA\|[mi]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মু}} {{IPA\|[mu]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মূ}} {{IPA\|[mu]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মৃ}} {{IPA\|[mri]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মে}} {{IPA\|[me~mɛ]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মৈ}} {{IPA\|[moj]}}, {{lang\|bn\|মো}} {{IPA\|[mo]}} and {{lang\|bn\|মৌ}} {{IPA\|[mow]}} represent the same consonant {{lang\|bn\|ম}} combined with seven other vowels and two diphthongs. In these consonant-vowel ligatures, the so-called "inherent" vowel {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} is first expunged from the consonant before adding the vowel, but this intermediate expulsion of the inherent vowel is not indicated in any visual manner on the basic consonant sign {{lang\|bn\|ম}} {{IPA\|[mɔ]}}.

			The vowel graphemes in Bengali can take two forms: the independent form found in the basic inventory of the script and the dependent, abridged, allograph form (as discussed above). To represent a vowel in isolation from any preceding or following consonant, the independent form of the vowel is used. For example, in {{lang\|bn\|মই}} {{IPA\|[moj]}} "ladder" and in {{lang\|bn\|ইলিশ}} {{IPA\|[iliʃ]}} "Hilsa fish", the independent form of the vowel {{lang\|bn\|ই}} is used (cf. the dependent form{{lang\|bn\| ি)}}. A vowel at the beginning of a word is always realised using its independent form.