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'''Kolkata''' (spelled '''Calcutta''' before 1 January 2001) is the [[capital (city)|capital]] [[city]] of the [[India|Indian]] [[States of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the second [[large|largest]] city in India after [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_westbengal.php|title=National Portal of India : Know India : State and UTs|access-date=2009-07-07|archive-date=2011-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127084145/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_westbengal.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is on the [[east]] [[bank]] of the [[River]] [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]].<ref>{{cite book| title = The Monthly Repository and Library of Entertaining Knowledge| url = https://books.google.com/?id=F8URAAAAYAAJ| year = 1833| publisher = Francis S. Wiggins| page = 338 }}</ref> When it is called '''Calcutta''', it includes the suburbs. This makes it the third largest city of India. This also makes it the world's 8th largest metropolitan area as defined by the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WUP2005/2005WUP_DataTables11.pdf|format=PDF|title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 revision}}</ref> Kolkata served as the capital of India during the [[British Raj]] until 1911. Kolkata was once the center of [[industry]] and [[education]]. However, it has witnessed [[politics|political]] [[violence]] and [[economic]] problems since 1954. Since 2000, Kolkata has grown due to [[economic growth]]. Like other metropolitan cities in India, Kolkata struggles with poverty, pollution and [[traffic congestion]]. | '''Kolkata''' (spelled '''Calcutta''' before 1 January 2001) is the [[capital (city)|capital]] [[city]] of the [[India|Indian]] [[States of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the second [[large|largest]] city in India after [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_westbengal.php|title=National Portal of India : Know India : State and UTs|access-date=2009-07-07|archive-date=2011-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127084145/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_westbengal.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is on the [[east]] [[bank]] of the [[River]] [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]].<ref>{{cite book| title = The Monthly Repository and Library of Entertaining Knowledge| url = https://books.google.com/?id=F8URAAAAYAAJ| year = 1833| publisher = Francis S. Wiggins| page = 338 }}</ref> When it is called '''Calcutta''', it includes the suburbs. This makes it the third largest city of India. This also makes it the world's 8th largest metropolitan area as defined by the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WUP2005/2005WUP_DataTables11.pdf|format=PDF|title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 revision}}</ref> Kolkata served as the capital of India during the [[British Raj]] until 1911. Kolkata was once the center of [[industry]] and [[education]]. However, it has witnessed [[politics|political]] [[violence]] and [[economic]] problems since 1954. Since 2000, Kolkata has grown due to [[economic growth]]. Like other metropolitan cities in India, Kolkata struggles with poverty, pollution and [[traffic congestion]]. | ||
==Etymology== | |||
The word Kolkata (Bengali: কলকাতা [ˈkolˌkata]) derives from Kôlikata (Bengali: কলিকাতা [ˈkɔliˌkata]), the [[Bengali]] name of one of three villages that predated the arrival of the [[British]], in the area where the city was eventually established; the other two villages were Sutanuti and Govindapur.<ref>https://archive.org/details/globalizingcitie00marc</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||